Lecture of Motivation for MBBS students

1. MOTIVATION
Presented By – Dr A. Q. Jilani (MBBS, MD, DM)

2.  Motivation is derived from the Latin word “movere” which
means “to move” or “to energize” or “to activate”.
 प्रेरणा

3. DEFINITIONS OF MOTIVATION
 Motivation: refers to the states within a person or animal that
drives behaviour toward some goals.(MORGAN AND KING)
 Motivation (YOUNG)
 The process of arousing the action, sustaining the activity in
process and regulating the pattern of activity for achieving the
goal
 Drivers: which drives us to attain our aims/goals

5. FAMILY SUPPORT CONSISTENCY
REWARDS HARD WORKING
DOCTOR
SOCIAL STATUSMORAL SUPPORT
INTRINSIC MOTIVATION
EXTRINSIC
MOTIVATION

6. NATURE OF MOTIVATION
 Based on motives: Types of aim, goals etc.
 Affected by motivator: who is inspiring person
 Goal directed behaviour
 Related to satisfaction
 Person is motivated in totality
 Complex process

7. Factors affecting Motivation

8. Person is
motivated
in totality

9. THEORIES OF MOTIVATION
 DRIVE THEORY
 INCENTIVE THEORIES
 MASLOWTHEORY OF HUMAN MOTIVATION

10. DRIVE THEORY
 This theory might be described as “push theory” of motivation.
 Here, the behaviour is “pushed” towards goals by driving
states within a person. When an internal driving state is
aroused, the individual is pushed to engage in behaviour
which will lead to a goal that reduces the intensity of driving
state.

11. Motivation consists of –
 a driving state
 the goal directed behaviour initiated by the driving state
 the attainment of an appropriate goal
 the reduction of the driving state and subjective satisfaction and relief
when goal is reached.

12. INCENTIVE THEORY
 Incentive means the motivational value of a re-inforcer.
 In contrast with the push of drive theories, incentive theories
are “pull theories of motivation”.
 Because of certain characteristics they have, the goal objects
pull behaviour towards them.

13. Incentives can be
 Positive incentives: wages, salaries, bonuses, vacations and
the like.
 Negative incentives: punishment, electric shock.

14. MASLOW THEORY OF HUMAN
MOTIVATION
 According to this, needs at the lower levels of the hierarchy
dominate an individual’s motivation as they are unsatisfied.
 Once, these are adequately satisfied, however, the higher
needs occupy the individual’s attention and efforts.

15. MASLOW'S HIERARCHY PYRAMID
SELF
ACTUALIZATION
ESTEEM NEEDS
SOCIAL NEEDS
SAFETY NEEDS
PHYSIOLOGICAL
NEEDS

16. Role of Motivation in Psychiatry
 Can lead to Oppositonal Defient Disorder
 Provoke substance use behavior in adolescents
 Aimlessness in adulthood
 Low achievers in life
 Depression
 Schizophrenia

17. Role of Motivation in Psychiatry
 Learning during skills-based psychosocial treatments is
influenced by the motivating properties of the treatment
context and the motivational orientation of the patient.

18. Motivational enhancement therapy
(MET)
 a directive, person-centered approach to therapy that
focuses on improving an individual's motivation to change.
 Those who engage in self-destructive behaviors may often
be ambivalent or have little motivation to change such
behaviors, despite acknowledging the negative impact of said
behaviors on health, family life, or social functioning.

19. MET is based on five motivational
principles –
Express empathy:
 create a supportive environment in order to help an individual
feel accepted and respected, and they engage in reflective listening
rather than direct confrontation.
 The therapist will listen to what an individual is saying and then
reflect it back, with slight but deliberate modifications.
 The modifications both let the individual know that the therapist
has heard and understood and encourage the individual to
elaborate.
1: Empathize the
patient
2: Listen the patient as
s/he feels that the
clinician has
understand the patient
3: design treatment as
the way patient wants

20. Avoid argumentation
 A therapist will avoid attacking an individual or an individual's
behavior, as this is thought to result in defensiveness and
resistance.
 Other, gentler methods are used to raise awareness of any
problems, and any statements regarding a need for change should
come from the individual, not the therapist.

21. Roll with resistance
 Instead of directly confronting any resistance on the part of the
individual, the therapist tries to defuse it, often through reflective
listening or by simply going along with what an individual is saying.
 This approach may seem counterintuitive, but it decreases the
odds of further defensiveness and may make it more likely that an
individual will remain in therapy and benefit from other aspects of
the intervention.

22. Support self-efficacy
 One's motivation to change typically depends not only on the
reasons for modifying behavior but also on the belief that one is
able to perform the tasks required for change.
 One aspect of a therapist's role is to help individuals become
aware of their ability to successfully undertake the actions needed
for change.

23. Useful in enhancing the treatment –
 to stop drug use
 reducing the severity of substance use
 in lengthening periods of abstinence.
 other conditions, such as anxiety, eating disorders and problem
gambling.
 help stimulate positive changes in health-risk behaviors among
youth living with HIV.

25. THANK YOU
Dr A. Q. Jilani (DM, MD, DNB, MBBS)
Email id – imjilani@gmail.com
Slides prepared by:
Dr Nitin Sharma, JR3