Effect of Urea on the Production of Chitinase by Trichoderma Viride

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD)
Volume 4 Issue 5, August 2020 Available Online: www.ijtsrd.com e-ISSN: 2456 – 6470
@ IJTSRD | Unique Paper ID – IJTSRD31839 | Volume – 4 | Issue – 5 | July-August 2020 Page 299
Herbs and Herbal Drugs Remedies for Diabetes Mellitus
Jubuti Kutum1, Dr. Kaushal K Chandrul2, Bhanumati Mili1
1Pharmacy Graduate, 2Research Scholar and Assistant Professor and Researcher,
1,2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Science, Mewar University, Chittorgarh, Rajasthan, India
ABSTRACT
As indicated by the official World Health Organization (WHO) information,
India best the rundown of nationswith the most elevatednumberofdiabetics;
China, America, Indonesia, Japan, Pakistan, Russia,Brazil,ItalyandBangladesh
follow. In the year 2000, theabsolute number of diabetics in Indiaremainedat
31.7 million and is relied upon to ascend by over 100% in the year 2030 to
record to an astounding 79.4million. Diabetes mellitus is turningintoatypical
metabolic issuewhich has genuine danger to general wellbeing on the planet.
There are synthetics and biochemical operator that helps in controlling
diabetes yet there is no perpetual cure accessible which assists with getting
recuperated totally from this issue. The WHO has recorded 21,000 plants,
which are utilized for restorative purposes the world over. Common herbs
have been profoundly regarded wellspring of medication all through the
mankind's history. Theyare generally utilized today showing that herbsare a
developing piece of present day cutting edge medication. The home grown
medicationswith hostile to diabetic movement are widelyplannedmonetarily
as a result of simple accessibility, reasonableness and less symptoms when
contrasted with the engineered enemy of diabetic medications.
KEYWORDS: Diabetes mellitus, Herbal medications, Anti-Diabetic Drugs
How to cite this paper: Jubuti Kutum|Dr.
Kaushal K Chandrul | Bhanumati Mili
"Herbs and Herbal Drugs Remedies for
Diabetes Mellitus" Published in
International Journal
of Trend in Scientific
Research and
Development(ijtsrd),
ISSN: 2456-6470,
Volume-4 | Issue-5,
August 2020, pp.299-
304, URL:
www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31839.pdf
Copyright © 2020 by author(s) and
International Journal of TrendinScientific
Research and Development Journal. This
is an Open Access article distributed
under the terms of
the Creative
Commons Attribution
License (CC BY 4.0)
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by
/4.0)
INTRODUCTION
Diabetes mellitus is a non-irresistible endocrine issuewhich
is described by the unsettling influence in digestionofstarch
and connected with hypoglycemia [1] [2]. Various
restorative plants, customarily utilized for more than 1000
years named rasayana are available in home grown
arrangements of Indian conventional social insurance
frameworks [3]. As per International Diabetes
Federation(IDF) overview in 2016 diabetes is a confusion
which influences 415 million individuals on the planetandit
might increment to 642 million constantly 2040 [4]. As per
Aroma world reports 61.3 million individuals have diabetes
in INDIAandcomprise of 20-79age bunches inthepopulace.
INDIA is otherwise called diabetes capital of the world and
influences fundamentally rustic and urban individuals [5].
The WHO has recorded 21,000 plants, which are utilized for
therapeutic purposes far and wide. Among these 2500
species are in India, out of which 150 species are utilized
monetarily on a genuinely huge scope. India is the biggest
maker of restorative herbs and is called as professional
flowerbed of the world [6]. The manifestations of diabetes
mellitus are poly dipsea, poly uria, poly phagia, weakness,
sickness, retching, feebleness in men, slow mending wound
and obscured vision [7]. Diabetes mellitus are three sorts
Type 1, Type 2 and gestational diabetes mellitus. Type 1
Diabetes mellitus is known as insulin subordinate diabetes
mellitus which is because of all out loss of capacity of β cell
of islets of langerhans which are available in pancreas [8]. A
large number of the medical issues that canaccompany type
1 happen in light of harm to small veins in your eyes (called
diabetic retinopathy), nerves (diabetic neuropathy), and
kidneys (diabetic nephropathy). Individuals with type 1
additionally have a higher danger of coronary illness and
stroke [9]. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is known as insulin non
subordinate diabetes mellitus which is transitory loss of β
cell mass and it is because of hereditary pre-manner and
generally happen in corpulent people and connected with
hypertension and elevated cholesterol levels. The point of
treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is diminishes the
insulin obstruction and expands insulin emission.
Gestational diabetes is a sort of diabetes which present with
hyperglycemia in pregnant ladies.It generally showsupin2-
4% pregnancies in second or third trimester [8]. In anycase,
it's gotten increasingly basic in kids and adolescents in the
course of recent years. About 90% of individuals with
diabetes have type 2 [9]. Gestational diabetes is to a greater
degree a hazard for the infant than the mother. A child may
have irregular weight gain before birth, inconvenience
breathing during childbirth, or a higher danger of heftiness
and diabetes further down the road. Themothermayrequire
a cesarean segment due to an excessively hugeinfant, or she
may have harm to her heart, kidney, nerves, and eyes [9].
Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus:
All inclusive, an expected 463 million grown-ups are living
with diabetes,as per the most recent 2019 informationfrom
the International Diabetes Federation [10]. Diabetes
pervasiveness is expanding quickly; past 2017 assessments
put the number at 425 million individuals living with
diabetes [11]. The number is anticipated to practically
twofold by 2030 [10]. Type 2 diabetes makes up around 85-
IJTSRD31839

International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (IJTSRD) @ www.ijtsrd.com eISSN: 2456-6470
90% of all cases [12][13]. Increments in the generaldiabetes
predominance rates to a great extent mirror an expansionin
hazard factors for type 2, remarkably more prominent life
span and being overweight or stout [14].
The WHO gauges that diabetes brought about 1.5 million
passings in 2012, making it the eighth driving reason for
death [14]. Anyway another 2.2 million passings overall
were owing to high blood glucose and the expanded dangers
of related difficulties (for example coronary illness, stroke,
kidney disappointment), which frequently bring about
sudden passing and are regularly recorded as the basic
reason on death authentications as opposed to diabetes
[14][15].
The danger of getting type 2 diabetes has been broadly seen
as related with lower financial situationacross nations [16].
 Asia
A. India
B. China
 North America
A. Canada
B. United States
 Oceania and the Pacific
A. Australia
 Europe
A. United Kingdom
 Africa
 Asia
A. India-
Diabetes at present influences in excess of 62 million
Indians, which is over 7.2% of the grown-up populace [17].
The normal age on beginning is 42.5 years [18]. About 1
million Indians bite the dust because of diabetesconsistently
[18]. As indicated by the Indian Heart Association, India is
anticipated to be home to 109 million people with diabetes
by 2035 [19]. An investigation by the American Diabetes
Association reports that India will see the best increment in
individuals determined to have diabetes by 2030 [20].
B. China-
Just about one Chinese grown-up in ten has diabetes. A
recent report assessed that in excess of 92 million Chinese
grown-ups have the infection, with another 150 million
indicating early manifestations [21]. The rate of the ailment
is expanding quickly: an announced 30% expansion in 7
years [22]. Indigenous traveling people groups like Tibetans
and Mongols are at a lot higher helplessness than Han
Chinese [18].
 North America
A. Canada-
Practically 2.4 million Canadians (6.8%) have been
determined to have type 1 or type 2 diabetes, in lightof2009
ceaseless malady reconnaissance information.
Predominance is higher among guys (7.2%) than females
(6.4%) [15]. The pervasiveness of analyzed diabetes among
Canadians expanded by 70% throughout the decade from
1999 to 2009 [15]. The Public Health Agency of Canada
appraises that if current patterns in diabetes proceed, the
quantity of Canadians living with diabetes will arrive at 3.7
million by 2019 [15].
 Oceania and the Pacific
A. Australia-
In Australia, the age normalized predominance of self-
announced diabetes in indigenous Australians is verynearly
multiple times that of non-indigenous Australians [23].
Indigenous populaces in created nations by and large have
higher predominance and rate of diabetes than their
comparing non indigenous populaces[23].Protectionpeople
group wellbeing programsare giving someaccomplishment
in handling thisissue [24]. An expected 700,000 Australians
have diabetes [25].
 Europe
A. United Kingdom-
About 3.8 million individuals in the United Kingdom have
diabetes mellitus, yet the foundation Diabetes U.K. have
made expectations that could turn out to be high as 6.2
million by 2035/2036. The NHS spent a day bydaynormalof
£2.2m (€2.6m; $3.7m) in 2013 on remedies for overseeing
diabetes in essential consideration, and about 10% of the
essential consideration recommendingfinancialplanisspent
on rewarding diabetes [26]. Diabetes U.K. have likewise
anticipated that the National Health Service could be
spending as muchas 16.9 billion pounds ondiabetesmellitus
by 2035, a figure that implies the NHS could be spending as
much as 17% of its financial plan on diabetes treatment by
2035 [27][28].
 Africa
The International Diabetes Federation (IDF) assesses that
14.2 million are living with diabetes in Africa [24]. The
district ofAfrica has themost elevated level of undiscovered
diabetes casesarrivingat 66.7%, the most elevated extentof
diabetes mellitus related mortality and the least wellbeing
use spent on diabetes [24].
Herbal medicinal drugs used for diabetes mellitus:
Right now the restorative plantsand herbs are beingutilized
in separate structures for their enemy of diabeticmovement.
Different clinical examinations affirmed that restorative
plants extricates shows hostile to diabetic action and
reestablishing the activity of pancreatic β-cells [29].
1. Aloe barbadensis –
It is known as Ghikanvar which has a place with Liliaceae
family. It would appear that a desert plant with green edge
formed leaves that are overwhelming narrowing,shaggyand
loaded up with clear viscid gel. Oral organization of watery
concentrate of aloe Vera in a portion of 150mg/kg of body
weightfundamentally bringing down the blood glucoselevel
[30]. Aloe Vera gel comprise different restorative impacts,
for example, against diabetic, cancer prevention agent,
expands the diminishing degree of glutathione by multiple
times in diabetic rodents [31]. Hostile to diabetic properties
of Aloe-vera chose an investigation with 72 diabetic ladies
without sedate treatment, separated into two gatherings.
They got aloe-vera gel (15 g) or fake treatment for 42 days.
Blood glucose levels along these lines diminished from 250
mg to 141 mg/dL in the trialgathering. A similar exploration
group researched the impacts of aloe-vera gel in mix with a
standard oral enemy of diabetic treatment (2 × 5mg oral
glibenclamide) and the subjects got either aloe or fake
treatment as above [32].

2. Allium sativum-
It is locally name as garlic hasa place with Liliaceae, a group
of Allium sativum [30]. Ethanolic concentrate of garlic (10
ml/kg/day) every now and again shows hypoglycemic
movement [2]. Garlic has been utilized in India forits enemy
of diabetic properties since old occasions [33]. As of late,
extraordinary in vitro and in vivo investigations exhibited
garlic's enemy of hyperglycaemic impacts[34]. Concentrate
of garlic was more effective than hostile to diabetic
medication glibenclamide [35]. Ethyl acetic acid derivation,
ethanol and oil ether extricate was seen to show anenemyof
diabetic movement in STZ instigated rodents. Garlic shows
different restorative impact, for example, hostile to platelet,
antibacterial, bringing down the pulse and bringing down
the cholesterol level in the body [36].
3. Ocimum sanctum-
It is known as tulsi and has a place with Labiateae family. It
is generally discovered all over India. It is utilized in Indian
ayurvedic drugsfor treatment of different illnesses.Different
creature examines demonstrated that fluid concentrate of
Ocimum sanctum leaves (200 mg/kg) indicated the
hypoglycemic action in streptozotocininitiated rodents.Itis
likewise utilized for treatment of viral disease, treatment of
parasitic contamination, lessens pressure, treatment of
tumor and treatment of gastric ulcer [37]. Oral organization
of plant separate (200 mg/kg) for 30 days prompted decline
in the plasma glucose level by roughly 9.06 and 26.4% on 15
and 30 days of the analysis individually. Renal glycogen
content expanded 10-overlap while skeletal muscle and
hepatic glycogen levels diminished by 68 and 75%
individually in diabetic rodents when contrasted with
control [38].
4. Coriandrum sativum-
It is fundamentally known as coriander which has a place
with family Apiaceae. It is generally utilized as zest in
different food things. 200mg/kg seed removeeverynowand
again expands the activity of the β cells of Langerhans and
diminishes serum sugarin alloxanactuated diabetic rodents
and blend insulin from β cells of the pancreas.Concentrateof
coriandrum sativum shows glucose bringingdown property
and insulin synthesizer [2].
5. Aegle marmelos-
It is known asBael and hasa placewith Rutaceae family. Itis
acquired to India and parts of plant, for example, leaves,
barks, roots and natural products are utilized in the
ayurveda and in different drugs which is utilized for fix of
different illnesses. Leaves of neem and tulsi in mix with
leaves of A. marmelos are dried, powdered and regulated
three times each day for 15 days. Creature examines
demonstrated that Aegle marmelos (100,200 and 500
mg/kg) are utilized for treatment of different maladies, for
example, treatment of malignant growth, treatment of
different viral sicknesses, treatment of different microbial
ailments [39].
6. Tinospora cardifolia-
It is notable as guduchi and comprises of the
Menispermaceae family. The dynamic constituents of T.
cardifolia are diterpene mixes whichcomprisestinosporone,
tinosporic corrosive, Syringen, berberine andgiloin[40].Itis
broadly appropriated all through India. Oral organizationof
the concentrate of Tinospora cordifolia pulls for about a
month and a half broughtabouta huge decreaseinbloodand
pee glucose and in lipids in serum and tissues in alloxan
diabetic rodents. The concentrate likewise forestalled an
abatement in body weight [41].
7. Mangifera indica-
It is normally known as mango and comprises of family
Anacardiaceae. Against diabetic movement appears by
leaves extricate (250 mg/kg) yet oral organization ofwatery
concentrate didn't change the blood glucose level in alloxan
instigated diabetic rodents [42].
8. Momordica Charantia (Bitter Gourd)-
It isgenerally known as unpleasant melon (karela)andhasa
place with Cucurbitaceae family. The dynamic constituents
of Momordica charantia are momordic I and momordic II,
cucurbitacin B. It is utilized in the treatment of diabetes. It
comprise lectin which has insulin like action. Lectin is non
protein which is connected to insulin receptors. This lectin
diminishes the glucose level by following uponfringetissues
[43]. Ethanolic concentrates of M. charantia (200 mg/kg)
indicated an enemy of hyperglycaemic and furthermore
hypoglycaemic impactin typical and streptozotocinactuated
diabetic rodents. This might be a direct result of restraint of
glucose-6-phosphatase other than fructose-1, 6-
biphosphatase in the liver and incitement of hepaticglucose-
6-phosphate dehydrogenase exercises [44].
9. Allium Cepa (Onion)-
Dried onion powder shows hostile to hyperglycaemic
movement in diabetic hares. Allium cepa is likewise known
to have cancer prevention agent and hypolipidemic action.
Organization of a sulfur containing amino corrosive from
Allium cepa, S-methyl cysteine sulphoxide (SMCS) (200
mg/kg for 45 days) to alloxan instigated diabetic rodents
essentially controlled blood glucose just as lipids in serum
and tissues and standardized the exercises of liver
hexokinase, glucose 6-phosphataseand HMG Co A reductase
[45,46]. At the point when diabetic patients were given
single oral portion of 50 g of onion juice, it essentially
controlled postprandial glucose levels [47].
10. Azadirachta indica-
It is locally name as neem which has a place with family
Meliaceae. Itisaccessible inIndia and Burma [30]. Ethanolic
and fluid concentrate of Azadirachta indica shows decrease
in blood glucose level in high portion. It very well may be
joined withallopathic medicationsin type 2diabeticpatients
whose diabetes isn't kept up by allopathic medications just
[2].
11. Eugenia jambolana-
It is known as jamun has a place with Myretaceae family. It
contains dried seeds and develop products of Eugenia
jambolana. It contains malvidin 3-laminaribiosidea and
ferulic corrosive as dynamic constituents. Concentrate of
dried seeds (200 mg/kg) utilized for treatment of diabetic
patients [48]. In gentle diabetes (plasma sugar >180 mg/dl)
it shows 73.51% decrease, though in moderate (plasma
sugar >280 mg/dl)and serious diabetes (plasma sugar>400
mg/dl) it is diminished to 55.62% and 17.72% separately.
The oral organization of the concentrate brought about
increment in serum insulin levels in diabetic rodents.Insulin
discharge was seen as invigorated on hatching of plant
separate with secluded islets of Langerhans from ordinary

just as diabetic creatures. These concentrates likewise
hindered insulinase action from liver and kidney [49].
12. Gymnema sylvestre-
It is generally known as Gudmar which signifies "sugar
annihilating" and comprises of Asclepidaceae family. Leaf
concentrate of G. sylvestre (3.4/13.4 mg/kg) demonstrated
huge decrease of glucose level in streptozotocin prompted
rodents. It is for the most part utilized in Indian ayurvedic
drugs for treatment of diabetes. The dynamic constituentsin
G. Sylvester are alkaloids,flavonoids, saponinsand sugars.It
is likewise utilized for treatment of malignant growth,
treatment of irritation and treatment of different microbial
infections [36]. The leaf of Gymnema sylvestre is a rumored
herb in both Ayurvedic and Western meds. It shows
constructive outcomes onglucose homeostasis andcontrols
sugar longings [50].
13. Carica papaya-
It is known as papaya which has a place with family
caricaceae. Seed and leaves extricateshowsbringingdownof
glucose level, bringing down of lipid in the body and
recuperating of twisted exercises inalloxanactuateddiabetic
rodents [51].
14. Psidium Guajava (Guava)-
Guava isa food harvest and home grown plant from tropical
nations whose leaves (water separate) are utilized to lessen
hyperglycaemia in diabetic patients in Mexico. Numerous
papers portraying its pharmacological exercises have been
distributed, and Gutiérrez, et al. [52] revealed two clinical
examines [50].
15. Thea Sinesis (Tea)-
Different examinations report that polyphenolic mixes
present in green and dark tea are related with helpful
impacts in the anticipation of cardiovascular illness and
hostile to diabetic properties [53]. The beneficial outcomeof
green tea was corresponded with the constant ingestion of
catechin-rich refreshments. As a result, in a twofold visually
impaired, controlled investigation, patientswith Type II DM
without insulin treatment got green tea (582.8mg catechins
or 96.3mg of catechins/day for 12 weeks) and toward the
finish of the preliminary, there was an expansion in insulin
and a lessening inHbA1c levels in the catechin bunch versus
the control [54].
(Fig.1): Pictures of herbal plants used for diabetes mellitus
Conclusion:
Diabetes mellitus is a most normal endocrine issue,
influencing a large number of individuals around the world.
It is a gathering of metabolic infections portrayed by
hyperglycemia coming about because of deformities in
insulin discharge, insulin activity, or both. The expansion in
obstruction and populaces of patients at some hazard,
related to the limited number of industrially accessible
medications for diabetes that despite everything present
have many reactions and furthermore issues like
undesirable hypoglycemic impact are the reasontomovethe
exploration towards generally accessible medication which
have low symptom and wide scope of bio action and don't
require difficult pharmaceutical combination appears to be
profoundly appealing. Substances and concentrates
disconnected from various common assets assume
significant job to configuration medication and treat
hyperglycemic issue in diabetes mellitus. The point of this
article is to educated that western medication and Indian
conventional restorative herbs accessible in showcase for
the treatment of diabetes mellitus. For this, treatments
created along the standards of western medication
(Allopathic) are regularly restricted in viability, convey the
danger of unfavorable impacts, and are frequently
excessively exorbitant, particularly for the creating nations
like India. Therapeutic natural plants are utilized to oversee
type-1 and type-2 diabetes mellitus andtheirentanglements.
Therapeutic home grown plants treatment for diabetes has
been followed everywhere throughout the Worldeffectively.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS:
In the course of this article, I have received help from a
number of people. First of all I would like to thanks them all.
I sincerely thanks to Dr. Kaushal K Chandrul (Principal),
Department of Pharmacy, Mewar university for their
guidance and encouragement during this articleandallthose
who have indirectly guided and helped in this article.
I wish to express my sincere gratitude to Dr. Kaushal K
Chandrul (Principal), Department of Pharmacy, Mewar
University for providing me an opportunity to do my article
entitled “ Herbs and Herbal Drugs Remedies for Diabetes
Mellitus``.

Reference:
[1] Kumar A, Goel MK. Jain RB, Khanna P,Chaudhary V.
India towards diabetes control: Key issues.
Australasian Medical Journal; 2013(6):524–531.
[2] Rahimi M. A Review: Anti Diabetic medicinal plants
used for diabetes mellitus. Bulletin of environmental,
pharmacology and life. sciences; 2015(4):163–180.
[3] Scartezzini P, Sproni E (2000) Review on some plants
of Indian traditional medicine with antioxidantactivity
J Ethnopharmacol 71(1-2): 23-43.
[4] Availablefrom:http://www.arogyaworld.org/wpconten
t/uploads/2010/10/arogyaworldINDIAdiabetes
factsheets CGI2013 web.
[5] Ozkum D. Akı O, Toklu HZ. Herbal medicine use among
diabetes mellitus patients in Northern Cyprus. Journal
of Medicinal Plants Research; 2013(7):1652–1664.
[6] Seth SD, Sharma B (2004) Medicinal plants of India.
Indian J Med Res 120(1): 9-11.
[7] Edition;. Edition; http://www.vision2020uk.org.uk/idf-
diabetes-atlas-7thedition.
[8] https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/diabetes/symptoms-causes/syc-20371444.
[9] https://www.webmd.com/diabetes/guide/types-of-
diabetes-mellitus.
[10] ^ a b International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes
Atlas, 9th edn. Brussels, Belgium: 2019. Available at:
https://www.diabetesatlas.org. Accessed 14 February
2020.
[11] ^ "International Diabetes Federation. IDF Diabetes
Atlas, 8th edn. Brussels, Belgium: 2019. Accessed 14
February 2020".
[12] ^ Williams textbook of endocrinology (12th ed.).
Philadelphia: Elsevier/Saunders. 2011. pp. 1371–1435.
ISBN 978-1-4377-0324-5.
[13] ^ a b c Australian Indigenous HealthInfoNet, Chronic
conditions: Diabetes. Accessed 31 August 2016.
[14] ^ a b c d e World Health Organization, Global Report on
Diabetes. Geneva, 2016. Accessed 30 August 2016.
[15] ^ a b c d e Public Health Agency of Canada, Diabetes in
Canada: Facts and figures from a public health
perspective. Ottawa, 2011.
[16] ^ Agardh, E;et al. (2011). "Type 2 diabetes incidenceand
socio-economic position: a systematic review and meta-
analysis". International Journal of Epidemiology. 40 (3):
804–818. doi:10.1093/ije/dyr029.
[17] ^ "Diabetes can be controlled in 80 percent of Cases in
India". IANS. news.biharprabha.com. Retrieved 6
February 2014.
[18] ^ a b c Gale, Jason (November 7, 2010). "India's Diabetes
Epidemic Cuts Down Millions Who Escape Poverty".
Bloomberg. Retrieved 8 June 2012.
[19] ^ "Overview". Indian Heart Association. Retrieved
2020-01-14.
[20] ^ Wild, Sarah, Gojka Roglic, Anders Green, Richard
Sicree, and Hilary King. "Global Prevalence of
Diabetes." Diabetes Care. American Diabetes
Association, 26 Jan. 2004. Web. 22 Apr. 2014.
[21] Datta SN, Prasad BG, Jain SP. An epidemiological study
of diabetes mellitus in defence population in Lucknow
Cantonment. J Indian Med Assoc. 1973; 61:23-27.
[22] Wander GS, Khurana SB, GulatiFt, SacharRK,GuptaRK,
Khurana S, Anand IS. Epidemiology of coronary heart
disease and risk factors in a rural Punjab population:
prevalence and correlation with various risk factors.
Ind Heart J 1994; 46:319-23.
[23] ^ Australian Institute for Health and Welfare."Diabetes,
an overview". Archived from the original on 2008-06-17.
Retrieved 2008-06-23.
[24] ^ a b Federation, International Diabetes (2015). IDF
diabetes atlas (Seventh ed.). Brussels: International
Diabetes Federation. ISBN 9782930229812.
OCLC 961366911.
[25] ^ "2014 Statistics Report | Data & Statistics | Diabetes |
CDC". www.cdc.gov. Retrieved 2016-12-03.
[26] ^ Iacobucci, G. (2014). "Diabetes prescribing in England
consumes nearly 10% of primary care budget".BMJ.349:
g5143. doi:10.1136/bmj.g5143. PMID 25121512.
[27] ^ "NHS spending on diabetes 'to reach £16.9 billion by
2035'". 2012-04-25. Retrieved 2012-04-26.
[28] ^ "Diabetes: cases and costs predicted to rise". nhs.uk.
2012-04-25. Retrieved 2019-06-21.
[29] Retrieved from
"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Epidemi
ology_of_diabetes&oldid=959272893``
[30] Gupta R. Bajpai KG, Johri S, Saxenaa M. An overview of
indian novel traditional medicinal plants with
antidiabetic potentials.Complementary and Alterna-
tive. Medicines; 2008(5):1–17.
[31] Malvi R, Jain S, Khatri S, Patel A, Mishra S. A Review on
Anti-diabetic Medicinal Plants and Marketed Herbal
Formulations. International Journal ofPharmaceutical
& Bio- logical Archives; 2011(2):1344–1355.
[32] Bordoloi R, Dutta KN. A Review on Herbs Used in the
Treatment of Diabetes mellitus.JournalofPharmaceuti-
cal,Chemical and Biological. Sciences; 2014(2):86–92.
[33] Grover JK, Yadav S, Vats V (2002) Medicinal plants of
India with antidiabetic potential J Ethnopharmacol
81(1): 81-100.
[34] Vogler BK, Ernst E (1999) Aloe vera: a systematic
review of its clinical effectiveness. Br J Gen Pract
49(447): 823-828.
[35] Ackermann RT, Mulrow CD, Ramirez G, Gardner CD,
Morbidoni L, et al. (2001) Garlic shows promise for
improving some cardiovascular risk factors. Arch
Intern Med 161(6): 813-824.
[36] Gebreyohannes G, Gebreyohannes M. Medicinal values
of garlic: A review. International. Journal of Medicine
and Medical Sciences; 2013(5):401–408.
[37] Lakshmi MS. Rani KSS, Reddy UKT. A review on
diabetes mellitus and the herbal plants used for its
treatment. Asian journal of pharmaceutical andclinical
research; 2012(5):15–21.

[38] Vats V, Grover JK, Rathi SS (2002) Evaluation of anti
hyperglycemic and hypoglycemic effect of
Trigonellafoenum-graecum Linn, Ocimum sanctum
Linn and Pterocarpusmarsupium Linn in normal and
alloxanized diabetic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 79(1):
95100.
[39] Vats V, YadavSP, Grover JK (2004) Ethanolic extractof
Ocimum sanctum leaves partially attenuates
streptozotocin induced alteration in glycogen content
and carbohydrate metabolism in rats. J
Ethnopharmacol 90(1): 155-160.
[40] Dwivedi CP, Daspaul S. Anti-diabetic herbal drugs and
poly herbal formulation used for diabetes: A review.
The journal of phytopharmacology; 2013(2):44–51.
[41] Ozougwu JC. Anti-diabetic effects of Allium cepa
(onions) aqueous extracts onalloxan-induced diabetic
Rattus novergicus. Journal of Medicinal Plants
Research; 2011(5):1134–1139.
[42] Stanely P, Prince M, Menon VP (2003) Hypoglycemic
and hypolipidemic action of alcohol extract of
Tinosporacordifolia roots inchemical induceddiabetes
in rats. Phytother Res 17(4): 410-413.
[43] Dwivedi CP, Daspaul S. Antidiabetic herbal drugs and
polyherbal formulation used for diabetes: A review.
The journal of phytopharmacology; 2013(2):44–51.
[44] Khan Y. Aziz I, Bihari B, Kumar H, Roy M, Verma VK. A
Review- Phytomedicines Used in Treatment of
Diabetes. Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical research;
2014:4–3.
[45] Shibib BA, Khan LA, Rahman R (1993) Hypoglycemic
activity of Cocciniaindica and Momordicacharantia in
diabetic rats: depression of the hepatic
gluconeogenicenzymes glucose-6-phosphatase and
fructose-1, 6-biphosphatase and elevation of liver and
red-cell shunt enzyme glucose-6-phosphate
dehydrogenase. Biochem J 292(1): 267-270.
[46] Roman-Ramos R, Flores-Saenz JL, Alaricon-Aguilar FJ
(1995) Antihyperglycemic effect ofsome edible plants.
J Ethnopharmacol 48(1): 25-32.
[47] Kumari K, Mathew BC, Augusti KT (1995) Antidiabetic
and hypolipidaemic effects of S-methyl cysteine
sulfoxide, isolated from Allium cepa Linn. Ind. J.
Biochem. Biophys 32(1): 49-54.
[48] Mathew PT, Augusti KT(1975) Hypoglycemiceffectsof
onion, Allium cepa Linn. on diabetes mellitus- a
preliminary report. Ind J Physiol Pharmacol19(4):213-
217.
[49] Mishra R,Shuaib M, Shravan M, S P. A review on herbal
anti-diabetic drugs. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical
Science2011; 1(6):235–237.
[50] Acherekar S, KaklijGS, Kelkar SM (1991)Hypoglycemic
activity of Eugenia jambolana and ficusbengalensis:
mechanism of action. In vivo 5(2): 143-147.
[51] Tiwari P, Mishra BN, Sangwan NS (2014)
Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of
Gymnema sylvestre: an important medicinal plant.
Biomed Res Int, pp: 1-18.
[52] Giovannini P, Jayne MR, Howes E, E S. Medicinal plants
used in the traditional management of diabetes and its
sequelae in Central America: a review. Journal of.
Ethnopharmacology; 2016(2).
[53] Gutiérrez RM, Mitchell S, Solis RV (2008) Psidium
guajava: a review of its traditional uses,
phytochemistry and pharmacology. J Ethnopharmacol
117(1): 1-27.
[54] Khan N, Mukhtar H (2013) Tea and health: studies in
humans. Curr Pharm Des 19(34): 6141-6147.
[55] Nagao T, Meguro S, Hase T, Otsuka K, Komikado M, et
al. (2009) A catechin-rich beverage improves obesity
and blood glucose control in patients with type 2
diabetes. Obesity (Silver Spring) 17(2): 310-317.

Effect of Urea on the Production of Chitinase by Trichoderma Viride

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Effect of Urea on the Production of Chitinase by Trichoderma Viride

Similar to Effect of Urea on the Production of Chitinase by Trichoderma Viride (20)

More from ijtsrd

More from ijtsrd (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Effect of Urea on the Production of Chitinase by Trichoderma Viride