Top downloaded papers - International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)

TOP
DOWNLOADED PAPERS
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MANAGING
INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IJMIT)
ISSN : 0975-5586 (ONLINE);0975-5926 (PRINT)
http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/ijmit.html

Defining Ict In A Boundaryless World:The Development Of A Working
Hierarchy
Colrain M. Zuppo
Marion Technical College (MTC)
ABSTRACT
Subsequent to rapid information and communication technology development, the scope of the
definition of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT or ICTs) has been utilized
within diverse contexts including economic development, education, IT, business and personal
usage. A review of academic literature, trade publications and general information was
undertaken to establish a hierarchy of applications for the term ICT or ICTs.
KEYWORDS
ICT, ICTs, education, economics, digital communication, hierarchy ICT, ICTs, education,
economics, digital communication, hierarchy
For More Details : http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/papers/4312ijmit02.pdf
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/vol4.html

REFERENCES
[1] International Telecommunication Union. (2007). Measuring village ICT in sub-Saharan Africa.
Retrieved from http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/ict/statistics/material/Africa_Village_ICT_2007.pdf.
[2] United Nations University. (2010). Greater Access to Cell Phones than Toilets in India. Retrieved
from http://www.inweh.unu.edu/News/2010-04_UNU-INWEH_News-Release_Sanitation.pdf.
[3] International Telecommunication Union. (n.d.). Who we are. Retrieved from
http://www.itu.int/en/about/Pages/default.aspx.
[4] World Health Organization. (2011). 2011-last update: Information and communication technologies
for public health emergency management. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/csr/ict4phem/en/index.html
[5] World Health Organization. (2006). Health aspects of disaster preparedness and response: Report
from a regional meeting of countries of South East Asia, Bangkok, Thailand, 21-23 November 2005.
Prehospital & Disaster Medicine, 21(5), 62-78.
[6] Yang, C., Yang, J., Luo, X., and Gong, P. (2009). Use of mobile phones in an emergency reporting
system for infectious disease surveillance after the Sichuan earthquake in China. Bulletin of the World
Health Organization, 87(8), 619-623.
[7] Organisation for Co-operation and Development (OECD). (2002). Retrieved from
http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/63/60/1933354.pdf.
[8] Angeleski, M., Mitrevski, P., and Janeska, M. (2009). “Composite index of e-business strategy
readiness of the enterprises in the Republic of Macedonia” in ICT Innovations 2009, Davcev, D., and
Marx Gomex, J., (Eds.), p. 265-275. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, Scientific Publishing Services
Pvt. Ltd.
[9] Cohen, D., Garibaldi, P., and Scarpetta, S., (Eds.). (2004). The ICT Revolution: Productivity,
Differences and the Digital Divide. Oxford University Press, University of Oxford.
[10] Educational Testing Service. (2007). Digital transformation: A framework for ICT literacy. A report
of the International ICT Literacy Panel. Retrieved from
http://www.ets.org/Media/Tests/Information_and_Communication_Technology_Literacy/ictreport.pd
f.
[11] Jarnieson-Proctor, R., Watson, G., Finger, G., Grimbeek, P., & Burnett, P. C. (2007). Measuring the
use of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) in the classroom. Computers in the Schools,
24(1/2), 167-184. doi:10.1300/J025v24n01̱11.
[12] Clark, L., Demont-Heinrich, C., & Webber, S. (2005). Parents, ICTs, and children's prospects for
success: Interviews along the digital “Access Rainbow”. Critical Studies in Media Communication,
22(5), 409-426. doi:10.1080/07393180500342985.
[13] Selwin, N., Gorard, S., & Furlong, J. (2006). Adult learning in the digital age: Information
technology and the learning society. Routledge, Taylor & Francis Group.
[14] Zhang, P., Aikman, S., & Sun, H. (2008). Two types of attitudes in ICT acceptance and use.
International Journal of Human Interaction, 24(7), 628-648. doi: 10.1080/10447310802335482.

[15] Information Technology Infrastructure Library [ITIL]. (n.d.). ITIL glossaries. Retrieved from
http://www.itil-officialsite.com/InternationalActivities/ITILGlossaries_2.aspx.
[16] TechTerms.com. (n.d.). Definition of ICT. Retrieved from http://www.techterms.com/definition/ict.
[17] Innovation Value Institute at National University of Ireland Maynooth. (n.d.). IVI and CEPIS
develop European Framework for ICT Professionalism. Retrieved from http://ivi.nuim.ie/news-events/ivi-
andcepis-develop-european-framework-ict-professionalism
[18] Institute of IT Professionals, New Zealand. (n.d.). ITCP – IT Certified Professional. Retrieved from
http://www.itcp.org.nz/about
[19] Professional Standards Board, Australian Computer Society. (2012.). The ICT professional body of
knowledge. Retrieved from http://www.acs.org.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0007/7792/The-ICTProfession-
Body-of-Knowledge-July-2012.pdf
[20] Galperin, H., and Mariscal, J. (2007). Digital Poverty: Latin American and Caribbean Perspectives.
International Development Research Centre, Intermediate Technology Publications Ltd.
[21] National Geographic News. (2005). The deadliest tsumani in history? Retrieved from
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2004/12/1227_041226_tsunami.html.
[22] The Telegraph. (2011). Japan earthquake, tsunami and Fukushima nuclear disaster: 2011 review.
Retrieved from http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/worldnews/asia/japan/8953574/Japan-
earthquaketsunami-and-Fukushima-nuclear-disaster-2011-review.html.

Critical Success Factors For Implementing An Erp System Within University
Context: Concepts And Literature Review
Ashwaq AlQashami and Heba Mohammad
Al-Imam Muhammad Ibn Saud University, College of Computer and Information
Sciences, Information Systems Department, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
ABSTRACT
Nowadays, Information Technology (IT) plays an important role in efficiency and effectiveness
of the organizational performance. As an IT application, Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP)
systems is considered one of the most important IT applications because it enables the
organizations to connect and interact with its administrative units in order to manage data and
organize internal procedures. Manyinstitutions use ERP systems, most notably Higher Education
Institutions (HEIs). However, many projects fail or exceed scheduling and budget constraints;
the rate of failure in HEIs sector is higher than in other sectors. With HEIs’ recent movement to
implement ERP systems and the lack of research studies examining successful implementation in
HEIs, this paper provides a critical literature review with a special focus on Saudi Arabia.
Further, it defines Critical Success Factors (CSFs) contributing to the success of ERP
implementation in HEIs. This paper is part of a larger research effort aiming to provide
guidelines and useful findings that help HEIs to manage the challenges for ERP systems and
define CSFs that will help practitioners to implement them in the Saudi context.
KEYWORDS
Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) system, ERP implementation, Critical Success Factors
(csfs), Higher Education Institutions (heis), Higher Education
For More Details : http://aircconline.com/ijmit/V7N4/7415ijmit01.pdf

REFERENCES
[1] Ifinedo, Princely (2011) "Examining the Influences of External Expertise and In-House Computer/IT
Knowledge on ERP System Success",Journal of Systems and Software Vol. 84 No. 12, pp. 2065-2078.
[2] Klaus, Helmut., Rosemann, Michael & Gable, Guy (2000) "What is ERP?", Information systems
frontiers Vol. 2, No.2, pp. 141-162.
[3] Mabert, VincentA., Sony, Ashok & Venkataramanan, Munirpallam (2003) "The Impact of
Organization Size on Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) Implementations in the US Manufacturing
Sector", Omega 31(3), pp. 235-246.
[4] Wang, Eric T.G., Shih, S.P.& Jiang, J.J. & Klein, G. (2008) "The Consistency among Facilitating
Factors and ERP Implementation Success: A Holistic View of Fit". Journal of Systems and Software
Vol. 81, No. 9, pp. 1609-1621.
[5] Xu, LauraXiao Xia., Yu, Wang Feng, Lim, Roland & Hock, Lua Eng (2010) "A Methodology for
Successful Implementation of ERP in Smaller Companies", In: 2010 IEEE International Conference
on Service Operations and Logistics and Informatics (SOLI).Qingdao, China, pp. 380-385.
[6] Siriginidi, Subba Rao (2000) "Enterprise Resource Planning in Reengineering Business",Business
Process Management Journal,Vol. 6, No. 5, pp. 376-391.
[7] Al-Shamlan, Hala M. & Al-Mudimigh, Abdullah S. (2011)"The Change Management Strategies and
Processes for Successful ERP Implementation: A Case Study of MADAR", International Journal of
Computer Science,Vol. 8, No. 2, pp. 399-407.
[8] Liang, Huigang., Saraf, Nilesh., Hu, Qing. & Xue,Yajiong (2007) "Assimilation of Enterprise
Systems: The Effect of Institutional Pressures and Mediating Role of Top Management", MISQuarterly,
Vol. 31, NO. 1, pp. 59-87.
[9] Martin, M.H. (1998). "An ERP strategy". Time Inc., New York 137, PP. 95-97.
[10] Samuel, R. Dhinakaran & Kumar, Santhosh (2013) "Prediction of ERP Success Before the
Implementation", In:International Asia Conference on Industrial Engineering and Management
Innovation (IEMI2012), Proceedings. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 219-227.
[11] Abugabah, Ahed & Sanzogni, Louis (2010) "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System in Higher
Education:A Literature Review and Implications", International Journal of Human and Social Sciences,
Vol. 5, NO. 6, pp. 395-399.
[12] Seo, Goeun (2013) "Challenges in Implementing Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System in
Large Organizations: Similarities and Differences Between Corporate and University Environment",
Master’s thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
[13] Al-Mashari, Majed., Al-Mudimigh, Abdullah. & Zairi, Mohamed (2003) "Enterprise Resource
Planning: A Taxonomy of Critical Factors",European journal of operational research,Vol.146, No. 2,
pp. 352-364.
[14 ]Ngai, Eric. WT., Law, Chuck CH& Wat & Francis KT (2008) "Examining the Critical Success

Factors in the Adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning",Computers in Industry,Vol.59, No. 6, pp.
548-564.
[15] Zhang ,Zhe., Lee,Matthew K.O., Huang, Pei., Zhang, Lliang. &Huang, Xiaoyuan (2005) "A
Framework of ERP Systems Implementation Success in China:An Empirical Study", International Journal
of Production Economics, Vol. 98, No. 1, pp. 56-80.
[16] Bhatti, T. R. (2005) "Critical Success Factors for the Implementation of Enterprise Resource
Planning (ERP): Empirical Validation", In:2nd International Conference on Innovation in Information
Technology IIT press, Dubai, UAE, pp. 1-10.
[17] Holland Christopher P. & Light, Ben (1999) "A Critical Success Factors Model for ERP
Implementation", IEEE software, Vol. 16, No. 3, pp. 30-36.
[18] Jafari, S.M., Osman, M.R., Yusuff, R.M. &Tang, S.H. (2006) "ERP Systems Implementation in
Malaysia:Importance of Critical Success Factors", International Journal of Engineering and Technolog,
Vol. 3, No.1, pp. 125-131.
[19] Kamhawi, Emad .M. (2007) "Critical Factors for Implementation Success of ERP Systems: An
Empirical Investigation from Bahrain",International Journal of Enterprise Information Systems,Vol.
3, No. 2, pp. 34-49.
[20] Liu, Pang-Lo (2011) "Empirical Study on Influence of Critical Success Factors on ERP Knowledge
Management on Management Performance in High-Tech Industries in Taiwan",Expert Systems with
Applications, Vol.38, No. 8, pp.10696-10704.
[21] Loh, Tee Chiat& Koh, S.C.L. (2004) "Critical Elements for a Successful Enterprise Resource
Planning Implementation in Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises",International journal of production
research, Vol. 42, No. 17, pp. 3433-3455.
[22] Motwani, Jaideep., Subramanian, Ram. & Gopalakrishna, Pradeep (2005) "Critical Factors for
Successful ERP Implementation: Exploratory Findings from Four Case Studies", Computers in Industry ,
Vol. 56, No. 6, pp. 529-544.
[23] Soja, Piotr (2006) "SuccessFactors in ERP Systems Implementations: Lessons from Practice",
Journal of enterprise information management, Vol. 19, No. 6, pp.646--661.
[24] Umble,Elisabeth J., Haft, Ronald. R. & Umble Michael M. (2003) "EnterpriseResource Planning:
Implementation Procedures and Critical Success Factors", European journal of operational research ,
Vol. 146, No. 2, pp.241-257.
[25] Gates, Kathryn F. (2004) "Evaluating the North American Pilot for SAP’s Campus Management
System", In von Hellens, L., Nielsen, S., Beekhuyzen, J. (eds.), Qualitative Case Studies on
Implementation of Enterprise Wide Systems. Idea Group, Hershey, pp. 192-210.
[26] Moon, Young B. (2007) "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): AReview of the Literature",
International Journal of Management and Enterprise Development, Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 235-264.
[27] Nielsen, Jens L. (2005) "Critical Success Factors for Implementing ERP System", In von Hellens, L.,

Nielsen, S., Beekhuyzen, J. (eds.), Qualitative case studies on implementation of enterprise wide systems.
Idea Group, Hershey, pp. 211-231.
[28] Rabaa’i, Ahmad A. (2009) "Identifying Critical Success Factors of ERP Systems at the Higher
Education Sector",In: ISIICT2009: Third International Symposium on Innovation in Information &
Communicaton Technology, Philadelphia Uni., Amman, Jordan .
[29] Ahmad, Raja Lope, Othman, Zulkifli & Mukhtar, Mohsin (2011) "ERP Implementation Framework
for Malaysian Private Institution of Higher Learning", In:2011 International Conference on Electrical
Engineering and Informatics (ICEEI), Bandung, Indonesia, pp. 1-5.
[30] Aldayel, AbeerI., Aldayel, Mashael S. & Al-Mudimigh, Abdullah S. (2011) "The Critical Success
Factors of ERP Implementation in Higher Education in Saudi Arabia: A Case Study", journal of
Information Technology & Economic Development , Vol. 2, No, 2, pp. 1-16.
[31] Ministry of Higher Education, (2015) [Online]. Available:
http://he.moe.gov.sa/ar/about/egovinitiaves/Pages/cInitiatives.aspx
[32] Gable, Guy G. (1998) "Large Package Software—A Neglected Technology?", Journal of Global
Information Management, Vol.6, pp. 3-4.
[33] Rosemann, Michael & Wiese, Jens (1999) "Measuring the Performance of ERP Software—A
Balanced Scorecard Approach", In:10th Australasian Conference on Information Systems, Wellington,
New Zealand, pp. 733-784.
[34] Huang, Albert, Yen, David C., Chou, David C. & Xu, Yurong (2003) "Corporate Applications
Integration: Challenges, Opportunities, and Implementation Strategies",Journal of Business and
Management,Vol. 9 No. 2, pp. 137-145.
[35] Rashid, MohammadA., Hossain, Liaquat & Patrick, Jon David (2002) "The Evolution of ERP
Systems: A Historical Perspective", In L. Hossain, J. Patrick, & M. Rashid, Enterprise Resource Planning:
Global Opportunities & Challenges, Idea Group, United States of America, pp. 1--16.
[36] Beheshti, Hooshang. M. (2006) "What Managers Should Know about ERP/ERP II", Management
Research News ,Vol. 29 No. 4, pp.184--193.
[37] Chang, Man-Kit., Cheung, Waiman., Cheng, C. Hung & Yeung, Jeff H.Y. (2008) "Understanding
ERP System Adoption from the User’s Perspective", International Journal of Production Economics,Vol.
113, No. 2, pp. 928--942.
[38] Gargeya, Vidyaranya B. &Brady, Cydnee (2005) "Success and Failure Factors of Adopting SAP in
ERP System Implementation", Business Process Management Journal,Vol.11, No. 5, pp. 501-516.
[39] Luo, Wenhong & Strong, Diane. (2004) "A Framework for Evaluating ERP Implementation
Choices", Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions,Vol. 51, No. 3, pp. 322-333.
[40] Spathis, Charalambos & Ananiadis, John (2005) "Assessing the Benefits of Using an Enterprise
System in Accounting Information and Management", Journal of Enterprise Information Management,
Vol. 18, No. 2, pp.195-210.

[41] Nah, Fui-Hoon Fiona, Lau, Janet Lee-Shang & Kuang, Jinghua (2001) "CriticalFactors for
Successful Implementation of Enterprise Systems", Business process management journal, Vol. 7, No. 3,
pp. 285-296.
[42] Poston, Robin & Grabski, Severin (2001) "Financial Impacts of Enterprise Resource Planning
Implementations", International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,Vol. 2, No. 4, pp. 271-
294 .
[43] Shang, Shari & Seddon, Peter B. (2000) "A Comprehensive Framework for Classifying the Benefits
of ERP Systems", In: Proceedings of AMCIS 2000, Long Beach, CA, pp. 1005-1014.
[44] Shang, Shari & Seddon, Peter B. (2002) "Assessing and Managing the Benefits of Enterprise
Systems: The Business Manager’s Perspective", Information systems journal , Vol. 12, No. 4, pp.
271-299.
[45] Dezdar, Shahin & Sulaiman, Ainin (2009) "Successful Enterprise Resource Planning
Implementation: Taxonomy of Critical Factors", Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 109, No.
8, pp. 1037- 1052.
[46] Xue, Yajiong, Liang, Huigang., Boulton, William R. & Snyder, Charles A. (2005) "ERP
Implementation Failures in China: Case Studies with Implications for ERP Vendors",International
journal of production economics, Vol. 97, No. 3, pp.279-295.
[47] Traci, Barker & Mark, N. Frolick (2003) "ERP Implementation Failure: A Case Study", Information
Systems Management,Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 43-49.
[48] Chen, Charlie C., Law, Chuck & Yang, Samuel C. (2009) "Managing ERP Implementation Failure:
A Project Management Perspective",Engineering Management IEEE Transactions, Vol. 56, No. 1, pp.
157-170.
[49] Markus, M. Lynne, Axline, Sheryl., Petrie, David & Tanis, S. Cornelis. (2000) "Learning from
Adopters’ Experiences with ERP:Problems Encountered and Success Achieved", Journal of information
technology , Vol. 15, No. 4, pp. 245-265.
[50] Pollock, Neil & Cornford, James (2004) "ERP Systems and the University as a
"Unique"Organisation", Information technology & people, Vol. 17, No. 1, pp.31-52.
[51] Markus, M. Lynne & Tanis, Cornelis (2000) "The Enterprise Systems Experience—From Adoption
to Success", Framing the domains of IT research: Glimpsing the future through the past 173, pp. 207-
173.
[52] Rockart, John F. (1978) "Chief Executives Define Their Own Data Needs", Harvard business review,
Vol. 57, No. 2, pp. 81-93.
[53] Rockart, John F. & Bullen, Christine V. (1986) "The Rise of Managerial Computing: The Best of the
Center for Information Systems Research", Dow Jones-Irwin, New York.
[54] Pinto, Jeffrey K. & Slevin, Dennis P. (1987) "Critical Factors in Successful Project Implementation",
Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on 1 , Vol. 34, No. 1, pp. 22-27.
[55] Shanks, G., Parr, A.,Hu, B., Corbitt, B., Thanasankit, T.& Seddon, P. (2000) "Differences in Critical

Success Factors in ERP Systems Implementation in Australia and China: A Cultural Analysis",In:
Proceedings of ECIS 2000, Vienna, Austria, pp. 537–544.
[56] Somers, Toni M. & Nelson, Klara G. (2004) "A Taxonomy of Players and Activities Across the ERP
Project Life Cycle", Information & Management, Vol. 41, No. 3, pp. 257-278.
[57] Finney, Sherry & Corbett, Martin (2007) "ERP Implementation: A Compilation and Analysis of
Critical Success Factors", Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 3, No. 3, pp.329-347.
[58] Capaldo G., & Rippa, P. (2009) "A planned oriented approach for EPR implementation strategy
selection". Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 22(6), pp. 642–659.
[59] Hasibuan, Z. A., & Dantes, G. R. (2012) "Priority of Key Success Factors (KSFS) on Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation Life Cycle". Journal of Enterprise Resource Planning
Studies, 2012, pp.1–15.
[60] Kronbichler, S. A., Ostermann, H., Rol, R., & Staudinger, S. (2009) "A review of critical success
factors for ERP-projects". Open Information Systems Journal, 3, pp. 14–25.
[61] Motwani, J., Subramanian, R., & Gopalakrishna, P. (2005) "Critical factors for successful ERP
implementation: exploratory findings from four case studies". Computers in Industry, 56(6), pp. 529–
544.
[62] Thomas, Glenn A. & Jajodia, Shyam (2004) "Commercial-Off-the-Shelf Enterprise Resource
Planning Software Implementations in the Public Sector: Practical Approaches for Improving Project
Success", The Journal of Government Financial Management , Vol. 53, No. 2, pp.12--19.
[63] Zornada, Leo & Velkavrh, TamaraBertok (2005) "Implementing ERP Systems in Higher Education
Institutions",In: 27th International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces ICTI, Cavtat,
Croatia.
[64] Lockwood, G. (1985) "Universities as Organizations", In Lockwood, G. and Davies, J. (eds),
Universities; The Management Challenge, Windsor, UK., pp. 139-163.
[65] Heiskanen, Ari., Newman, Michael& Similä, Jouni (2000) "The Social Dynamics of Software
Development", Accounting, Management and Information Technologies, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 1-32.
[66] Bologa, Razvan., Bologa, Ana-Ramona & Sabau, Gheorghe (2009) "Success Factors for Higher
Education ERPs",International Conference on Computer Technology and Development, pp. 28-32.
[67] King, Paula., Kvavik, Robert B. & Voloudakis, J. (2002) "Enterprise Resource Planning Systems in
Higher Education",EDUCAUSE Center for Applied Research: Research Bulletin 22, pp. 1-11.
[68] Sabau, G., Munten, M., Bologa, A. R., Bologa, R. & Surcel, T. (2009) "An Evaluation Framework
for Higher Education ERP Systems", WSEAS Transactions on Computers, Vol. 8, No. 11, pp. 1790-
1799.
[69] Beekhuyzen, J., Goodwin, M., Nielsen, J.L. & Uervirojnangkoorn, M. (2001) "ERP Implementation
at Australian Universities", Technical Report, Brisbane, Australia, Griffith University.
[70] von Hellens, Liisa, Nielsen, Sue & Beekhuyzen, Jenine (2005) "Qualitative Case Studies on
Implementation of Enterprise Wide Systems", IGI Global, Hershey.

[71] Davison, Robert. (2002) "Cultural Complications of ERP", Communications of the ACM,Vol. 45,
No.7, pp.109-111.
[72] Parth, Frank R., Gumz, J. (2003) "Getting Your ERP Implementation Back on Track".
[73] Addo-Tenkorang, Richard & Helo, Petri (2011) "Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP): A Review
Literature Report",Proceedings of the World Congress on Engineering and Computer Science, San
Francisco, CA, Vol IIpp19-21.
[74] Asemi, Asefeh & Jazi, Mohammad (2010) "A Comparative Study of Critical Success Factors (CSFs)
in Implementation of ERP in Developed and Developing Countries",International Journal, Vol. 2,
No.5, pp99-110.
[75] Esteves, Jose & Bohórquez, Victor (2007) "An updated ERP systems annotated bibliography: 2001–
2005", Instituto de Empresa Business School. Working Paper No. WP, Vol. 7, No. 4M pp 2-59.
[76] Shehab, Essam, Sharp,Supramaniam & Spedding (2004) "Enterprise resource planning: An
integrative review",Business Process Management Journal, Vol. 10, No. 4, pp359-386.
[77] Botta-Genoulaz, Valerie, Millet, Pierre-Alain & Grabot, Bernard (2005) "A survey on the Recent
Research Literature on ERP Systems", Computers in Industry, Vol. 56, No. 6, pp510-522.
[78] Rabaa’i, Ahmad A., Bandara, Wasana & Gable, Guy (2009) "ERP Systems in the Higher Education
Sector: ADescriptive Study",In:Proceedings of the 20th Australasian Conference on Information Systems,
Monash Uni.: Caulfield Campus, Melbourne, Australia, pp. 456-470.
[79] AlQashami, Ashwaq & Mohammad Heba (2015) "Critical Success Factors (CSFs) of Enterprise
Resource Planning (ERP) System Implementation in Higher Education Institutions (HEIs): Concepts
and Literature Review", In Computer Science & Information Technology, Jan Zizka, Dhinaharan
Nagamalai (eds.), Fourth International Conference on Advanced Information Technologies and
Applications (ICAITA 2015), Dubai, UAE, pp. 81-98.
[80] Allen, David., Kern, Thomas & Havenhand, Mark (2002) "ERP Critical Success Factors: An
Exploration of the Contextual Factors in Public Sector Institutions", In:Proceedings of the 35th
Annual
Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences(HICSS), Hawaii,U.S.A, pp. 3062-307.
[81] Holland, Christoper P., Light, Ben & Gibson, Nicola (1999) "A Critical Success Factors Model for
Enterprise Resource Planning Implementation", Proceedings of the 7th European Conference on
Information Systems, Vol. 1, pp. 273-287.
[82] Chatfield, Craig (2005) "Factors that Affect ERP System Success",Qualitative Case Studies on
Implementation of Enterprise Wide Systems,L. von Hellens,S. Nielsen, & J. Beekhuyzen,Eds.Hershey,
Pennsylvania: IGI, pp232-242.
[83] Olugbara, O.O., Kalema, B.M. & Kekwaletswe, R.M. (2014) "Identifying Critical Success Factors:
The Case of ERP Systems in Higher Education", The African Journal of Information Systems, Vol. 6,
No. 3, pp. 65-84.
[84] Somers, Toni M. & Nelson, Klara (2001) "The Impact of Critical Success Factors Across the Stages
of Enterprise Resource Planning Implementations",In Proceedings of the 34th Annual Hawaii
International Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii, pp. 1-10.

[85] Nah, F.F.H. & Delgado, Santiago (2006) "Critical Success Factors for Enterprise Resource Planning
Implementation and Upgrade", Journal of Computer Information Systems , Vol. 46, No. 5, pp. 99-
113.
[86] E-Government Program (2015) [Online].Available:
http://www.yesser.gov.sa/en/ProgramDefinition/Pages/Overview.aspx
[87] Al-Hudhaif, Sulaiman A. (2012) "ERP Implementation at King Saud University". Global Journal of
Management and Business Research,Vol. 12, No. 5, pp. 71-77.
[88] Alghathbar, Khaled (2008) "Practical ERP Implementation in Government
Organization",International Conference on E-Learning, E-Business, Enterprise Information Systems,
and E-Government, Las Vegas, USA, pp. 343-349.
[89] Frye, Doug., Gulledge, T., Leary, M. & Sommer, R. (2007) "PublicSector Enterprise System
Implementation", Electronic Government, An International Journal, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 76-96.
[90] Rabaa’i, Ahmad A. (2009) "The Impact of Organisational Culture on ERP Systems Implementation:
Lessons from Jordan", In:Proceedings of the Pacific Asia Conference on Information Systems (PACIS
2009), Hyderabad, India.

Wireless Sensor Network Clustering Using Particles Swarm Optimization For
Reducing Energy Consumption
Amin Rostami1
and Mohammad Hossin Mottar2
1
Department of Computer Engineering, Ferdows Branch, Islamic Azad University,
Ferdows , Iran. 2
Department of Computer Engineering, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad
ABSTRACT
Wireless sensor networks (WSN) is composed of a large number of small nodes with limited
functionality. The most important issue in this type of networks is energy constraints. In this area
several researches havebeen done from which clustering is one of the most effective solutions.
The goal of clustering is to divide network into sections each of which has a cluster head (CH).
The task of cluster heads collection, data aggregation and transmission to the base station is
undertaken. In this paper, we introduce a new approach for clustering sensor networks based on
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm using the optimal fitness function, which aims to
extend network lifetime. The parameters used in this algorithm are residual energy density, the
distance from the base station, intra-cluster distance from the cluster head. Simulationresults
show that the proposed method is more effective compared to protocols such as (LEACH,
CHEF,PSO-MV) in terms of network lifetime and energy consumption.
KEYWORDS
Wireless Sensor Networks, Clustering, Energy Efficient Protocols, Particles Swarm Optimization
Algorithm, Centralized Algorithms.

REFERENCES
[1] Akiyldiz, W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, E. Cayirci, A survey on sensor networks, IEEE
Communication Magazine, vol 40, 2002,pp 102–114.
[2] G. Pottie and W. Kaiser, Wireless integrated sensor networks (WINS), Communications of the ACM,
vol. 43, no. 5 , 2000,pp. 55-58.
[3] G.Hill, R. Szeweyk , A. Woo, D. Culler, S. Hollar, and K.Pister,System architecture directionsfor
networked sensors, in proceedings of the International Conference on Architectural Support for
programming Languages and Operating Systems (ASPLoS IX). Cambridge, MA, 2000,pp. 93-104.
[4] W. Merrill, K. Sohrabi, L. Girod , j. Elson , F. Newberg ,and W. Kaiser, Open standard development
plarroems for distributed sensor networks, in Proceedings of SPIE Unattended Ground Sensor
Technologies and Applications IV, Orlando, FL.2002,pp,327-337.
[5] J. M. Kim, S.H. Park, Y.J. Han, T.M. Chung, CHEF: cluster head election mechanism using fuzzy
logic in Wireless Sensor Networks, in: International Conference of Advanced Communication
Technology, 2008, pp. 654–659.
[6] N.Eghbali, Performance Improvement of Information Dissemination Protocols in Sensor Networks
Through Data Aggregation, Computer Engineering and Information TechnologyDepartment, 2007.
PP 1-121.
[7] W. Heinzelman, A. Chandrakasan, H. Balakrishnan, Energy Efficient Communication Protocol
forWireless MicrosensorNetwroks (LEACH), Proceedings of 33rd hawaii international
conferencesystems science - vol.8,2004, pp 3005-3014.
[8] M. Handy , M. Haase , and D.Timmermann, Low energy adaptive clustering hierarchy with
deterministic cluster – head selection , in proceeding of IEEE, International Conference on Mobile
and wirless Communications networks, Stockholm, Sweden,2002, pp. 368-372.
[9] V. Handziski, A. Kopke, H. Karl, C. Frank, W. Drytkiewicz, Improving the Energy Efficiency of
Directed Diffusion Using Passive Clustering,” European Workshop on Wireless SensorNetworks 2004 ,
pp. 172–187.
[10] O.Younis and S.Fahmy,HEED:Ahybrid,energyefficient,distributed clusteringapproach for adhoc
sensor networks,IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing,vol.3,no.4,2004,pp.366-379.
[11] V. Loscrì, G. Morabito, S. Marano, A Two-Levels Hierarchy for Low-Energy AdaptiveClustering
Hierarchy,in proceeding of IEEE 2005,pp. 1809-1813.
[12] S. Hussain, A.W. Matin, and O. Islam. Genetic algorithm for energy efficient clusters in wireless
sensor networks. In Fourth International Conference on Information Technology,2007,pp147–154.
[13] D.kumar, T.C.Aseri and R.B.Patel EEHC: Energy efficient hetergenous clustered scheme for
wireless sensor networks, ComputerCommunications,vol 32,2009,pp.662-667.
[14] K. LingaRaj, D. Aradhana and NagaveniB.Biradar. Multiple mobile agents in wireless sensor
networks using genetic algorithms. International Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research,
vol3,2012, pp1–5.

[15] H.Yua, W. Xiaohuia PSO-based Energy-balanced Double Cluster-heads Clustering Routing for
wireless sensor networks ,Procedia Engineering, vol 15 ,2011, pp.3073 – 3077.
[16] S.-H. Hong, B.-K. Kim and J.-M. Gil An Algorithm for an Energy-Efficient Smart Sensor with
EECS Routing Protocol in Wireless Sensor Networks, Springer Science Business Media Dordrecht
2012, pp. 685–692.
[17] Li-Yeh Chuang a, Chih-Jen Hsiao b, Cheng-Hong Yang, Chaotic particle swarm optimization for
data clustering,Elsevier, 2011. PP 109-115.
[18] S.M. Guru, S.K. Halgamuge, and S. Fernando. Particle swarm optimisers for cluster formation in
wireless sensor networks. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Intelligent Sensors, Sensor
Networks and Information Processing,2005,pp 319–324.
[19]J. Hou, X. Fan, W. Wang, J.Jie, and Y. Wang. Clustering strategy of wireless sensor networks based
on improved discrete particle swarm optimization.In The Sixth International Conference on
NaturalComputation (ICNC), vol 7,2010,pp3866–3870.
[20] B.Solaiman , A. Sheta , Computational Intelligence for Wireless Sensor Networks: Applications and
Clustering Algorithms,International Journal of Computer Applications ,Vol 73 ,2013, pp0975 - 8887.
[21] S . He , Y , Dai , R , Zhun , S , Zhao , A Clustering Routing Protocol for Energy Balanc of WSN
based on Genetic Clustering Algorithm , International Conference on Future Computer Supported
Eduction ,2012, pp 788-793
[22] J.Weston and C. Watkins, Multi-class support vector machines, Technical Report CSDTR
Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London,Egham, 1998, pp98-104.

Challenges Of E-Learing In Nigerian University Education Based On The
Experience Of Developed Countries
N.D. Oye1
, Mazleena Salleh2
, N. A. Iahad3
1,2,3
Faculty of Computer Science and Information systems Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
ABSTRACT
This paper present a review of the challenges of e-learning in Nigerian University education
based on the experience of four developed countries, UK, Australia, Korea and France. The
survey shows that these countries have: (i) vision and action plans for e-learning, (ii) they have
good government policies and financial support, (iii) they earmark action programs and set
committees with sufficient funds to pursue it goals, (iv) they believe in research as a fundamental
part of e-learning strategy, and lastly (v) they embark on awareness, training and motivational
programs. The paper pointed out that, for the challenges of Nigerian university education to be
reduced to minimum, the Federal Government should improve on educational funding as
UNESCO recommended 26% of the annual budget. In addition the government should fulfill her
promise on the issue of improving Electricity supply in the country. Furthermore, the university
administrators should embark on awareness and training of staff on the use of ICTs,
withmotivations attached. The Internet is a major driver of ICT in education and bandwidth is a
major issue inthe deployment of e-learning. Therefore government should make Internet
connectivity a priority for higher education to be able to leverage on the promises and
opportunities ICTs present.
KEYWORDS
E-learning; ICT; Developed Countries,;Nigerian University; Challenges; Education; Internet.

REFERENCES
[1] Aduke, A F ( 2008). Usage and Challenges of Information and Technology (ICT) in Teaching and
Learning in Nigerian Universities. Asian Journal of Information Technology, 7(7), 290-295.
[2] Ajadi TO, Salawu, IO and Adeoye, FA (2008). E-learning and Distance Education in Nigeria. The
Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 7(4), Article 7.
[3] Arikpo I I, Osofisan, A and Usoro, A ( 2009). Bridging the digital divide: the Nigerian journey so far.
International Journal of Global Business, 2 (1), 181-204.
[4] Asogwa, U D ( 2006). E-learning: A panacea for access, equity and quality higher education in
Nigeria. Paper presented at the 30th annual conference of Nigerian Association for Educational
Administration and Planning (NAEAP) held at the Faculty of Education Hall, Enugu State University of
Science and Technology.
[5] Cook J, Holley D, Smith C, Bradley C and Haynes, R (2006). A Blended M-Learning Design for
Supporting Teamwork in Formal and Informal Settings. Mobile Learning 2006, 14-16 July, Dublin.
[6] Erah, PO (2006). Introduction to e-learning protocols. Paper presented at ETF capacity building
workshop for lecturers of Universities in Nigeria at the University of Uyo.
[7] Folorunso O, Ogunseye OS and Sharma SK( 2006). An exploratory study of the critical factors
affecting the acceptability of e-learning in Nigerian universities. Information Management and Computer
Security Journals, 14 (5), 496-505.
[8] HEFCE (2005). HEFCE strategy for e-learning, March 2005, available at
http://www.hefce.ac.uk/pubs/hefce/2005/05_12/
[9] JAMB (2009). JAMB Statistics: Application and Admission (UME and PCE) Retrieved April 30,
2009, from http://www.jambng.com
[10] NUC (2009). List of Nigerian Universities and Years Founded Retrieved April 30, 2009, from
http://www.nuc.edu.ng/pages/universities.asp
[11] Omofaye, JO( 2007). Challenges facing ICT Infrastructure and successful online education in Africa,
Available online at Http//: www.google.com Downloaded 15th June 2007.
[ 12] Oye ND, Salleh M and Ai.ahad N (2010). Holistic E-learning in Nigerian Higher Education
Institutions. Journal ofComputing, vol 2(11), p20-26.
[13] QAA (2004). Code of practice for the assurance of academic quality and standards in higher
education - Section 2: Collaborative provision and flexible and distributed learning (including e-learning),
September 2004, available at
http://www.qaa.ac.uk/academicinfrastructure/codeOfPractice/section2/collab2004.pdf
[14] Resnick, M (2002). Rethinking Learning in the Digital Age. Online. URL:
http://web.media.mit.edu/~mres/papers/wef.pdf (last accessed: 2007-01-08).
[15] Sharma R, Ekundayo M S and Ng E (2009). Beyond the digital divide: policy analysis for knowledge
societies. Journal of Knowledge Management, 13(5), 373-386.

[16] Schmidt, A (2005). Knowledge maturing and the continuity of context as a unifying concept for
knowledge management and e-learning. In: Proceedings of I-Know ‘05, Special Track on Integrating
Working and Learning, Graz, Austria, pp. 424-431.
[17] Schulmeister, R (2006). ELearning: Einsichten und Aussichten. München; Wien: Oldenbourg
Verlag.
[18] UNESCO (2009). UNESCO portal on Higher Education Institutions: Nigeria Retrieved April 30,
2009, from
http://portal.unesco.org/education/en/ev.phpURL_ID=51421&URL_DO=DO_TOPIC&URL_SECTION=
201.html
[ 19] Yang, G (2010) “The effect of e-learning for the teachers in Information Society” Proc. Second
International Workshop on Education Technology and Computer Science, pp621-624.
[20] Zook, M (2004). Internet Users Worldwide - statistic 2004. Online. URL: http://www.
zooknic.com/Users/global_2004_09.html (last accessed: 2007-01- 08).

The Role Of Technology Acceptance Model In Explaining Effect On E-
Commerce Application System
Md Gapar Md Johar1
and Janatul Akmar Ahmad Awalluddin2
1
Information Technology and Innovation Center, Management and Science University,
Selangor, Malaysia
2Graduate School of Management, Management and Science University, Kuala Lumpur,
Malaysia
ABSTRACT
Today e-commerce has become crucial element to transform some of the world countries into an
information society. Business to consumer (B2C) in the developing countries is not yet a
normalcy as compared to the developed countries. Consumer behaviour research has shown
disappointing results regarding the overall use of the Web for online shopping, despite its
considerable promise as a channel for commerce. As the use of the Internet continues to grow in
all aspects of daily life, there is an increasing need to better understand what trends of internet
usage and to study the barriers and problem of ecommerce adoption. Hence, the purpose of this
research is to define how far Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) contributed in e-commerce
adoption. Data for this study was collected by the means of a surveyconducted in Malaysia in
2010. A total of 611 questionnaire forms were delivered to respondents. The location of
respondents was within Penang state. By studying this sample, conclusions would be drawn to
generalize the interests of the population.
KEYWORDS
E-commerce, Technology Acceptances Model (TAM), e-commerce application, online shopping,
online banking, online payment & buying online.

REFERENCES
[1] Ahmed, M., Hussein, R., Minakhatun, R. and Islam R., (2007) “Building consumers’ confidence in
adopting e-commerce: A Malaysian case”, International Journal Business & Systems Research, Vol.
1, No. 2, pp236-255.
[2] Alhudaithy, A.I. and Kitchen, P.J., (2009) “Rethinking models of technology adoption for Internet
banking: The role of website features”, Journal of Financial Services Marketing, Vol. 14, No. 1, pp56–69.
[3] Amin, H., (2009) “An analysis of online banking usage intentions: An extension of technology
acceptance model”, International Journal Business and Society, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp27-40.
[4] Habibu, S. and Ho, S. “RM1bil initiative to promote high-speed broadband usage” [Online] Available
at http://thestar.com.my/news/story.asp?file=/2010/3/25/nation/5931577&sec=nation. Accessed on
November 5th 2010.
[5] Internet World Stats. “Internet usage in ASEAN” [Online] Available at
http://www.internetworldstats.com/stats3.htm. Accessed on November 5th 2010
[6] Kaur. K., (2005) “Consumer protection in e-commerce in Malaysia: An overview”, Journal of the
UNE Asia Centre, No., pp1-14.
[7] Lee, H.H., Fiore, A.M. and Kim, J., (2006) “The role of the technology acceptance model in
explaining effects of image interactivity technology on consumer responses” International Journal of
Retail & Distribution Management, Vol. 34, No. 8, pp 621-644.
[8] Legris, P., Ingham, J. and Collerette, P., (2003) “Why do people use information technology? A
critical review of the technology acceptance model” Journal of Information & Management, No. 40,
pp191–204.
[9] “Malaysia : E-commerce Success Story” [Online] Available at
http://www.zerogrey.com/index.php/eshop/info/on/Zerogrey-Malaysia:-Ecommerce-
SuccessStory.html/cId/359/. Accessed on November 5th 2010
[10] “Malaysia's E-Commerce Statistics” from http://malaysiacrunch.blogspot.com/2009/09/malaysias-
ecommerce-statistics.html. Accessed on November 5th 2010
[11] Mirandah, G. “Internet law – The future of e-commerce in Malaysia” [Online] Available at
http://www.ibls.com/internet_law_news_portal_view.aspx?s=latestnews&id=1917. Accessed on
November 5th 2010
[12] Monsuwe, T.P., Dellaert, B.G.C. and Ruyter, K.D., (2004) “What drives consumers to shop online?
A literature review”, International Journal of Service Industry Management, Vol. 15, No. 1, pp102-121.
[13] Nicoles, C.L., Castillo, F.J.M. and Bouwman, H. , (2008) “An assessment of advanced mobile
services acceptance: Contributions from TAM and diffusion theory models”, Information & Management,
No. 45, pp359–364.
[14] Rogers, E., (1995) “Diffusion of Innovation”, fourth ed., New York: Free Press.
[15] Sekaran, U. and Bougie, R., (2010) “Theoretical framework In theoretical framework and hypothesis

development”. Research Methods for Business: A Skill Building Approach, United Kingdom: Wiley,
pp. 80
[16] So, W.C.M., Wong, T.N.D and Sculli, D., (2005) “Factors affecting intentions to purchase via the
internet”, Journal of Industrial Management & Data Systems, Vol. 105, No. 9, pp1225-1244.
[17] “Telecommunications and IT” from http://www.aseansec.org/7808.htm. Accessed on November 5th
2010
AUTHORS
Prof. Dr. Md Gapar Md Johar, PhD, MSc, BSc (Hons) is a certified e-commerce consultant; he has over
30 years working experience in software and application development and has developed many
applications such as Housing Loan Accounting System, Commercial Vehicle Licensing System, Human
Resource Management System, Learning Content Management System, Campus Management System,
Student Relationship Management System and Hospital Information System. His research interests
include object-oriented analysis and design, software engineering, Java programming, digital image
analysis, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and knowledge management. Currently he is involved in
research and development of Jawi Word Processor and Converter in open system environment, RFID
application, image processing and character recognition, computer forensic and security, e-learning and
digital content design.
Janatul Akmar Ahmad Awalluddin is a postgraduate student at Management & Science University and
currently she is a part-time lecturer for UITM, Penang, Malaysia.

Consequences Of The Digital Economy: Transformation Of The Growth
Concept
Chihiro Watanabe1,2
, Kuniko Moriya3,4
, Yuji Tou5
, Pekka Neittaanmäki6
1
Faculty of Information Technology,University of Jyväskylä, Finland
2
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
3
Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
4
Faculty of Information Technology,University of Jyväskylä, Finland
5
Dept. of Ind. Engineering & Magm., Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
6
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland
ABSTRACT
The digital economy is transforming the traditional concepts of economic growth.The recent
reversal trend in GDP growth of ICT leaders can be attributed to effective utilization of soft
innovation resources in Finland and adherence to traditional resources in Singapore.Confronting
a productivity decline in the digital economy, global information and communication technology
(ICT) leaders are transforming business models into those with uncaptured GDP creation. This
can be attributed tothe harnessing soft innovation resourcesagainst a productivity decline. This in
turn activates a self-propagating function and induces supra-functionality beyond economic
value corresponding to a shift in people’s preferences. It also contributes to removingstructural
impediments in GDP growth.Empirical analyses utilizing the development trajectories of 500
global ICT firms and also world ICT leadersFinland and Singapore demonstratedthese
hypothetical views andprovided an insightful suggestion as to overcome aproductivity decline in
the digital economy.
KEYWORDS
Digital economy, soft innovation resources, structural impediments in growth, global ICT firms,
Finland and Singapore Digital economy, soft innovation resources, structural impediments in
growth, global ICT firms, Finland and Singapore.
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/current.html

REFERENCES
[1] Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE), (2009)Digital
Economy Future Directions, DBCDE, Camberra.
[2] OECD, (2016)OECD Observer: The Digital Economy, OECD, Paris.
[3] US Council on Competitiveness., (2016)No Recovery: An Analysis on Long-term U.S. Productivity
Decline, Washington, D.C.
[4] The World Bank, (2016) Digital Dividends, The World Bank, Washington D.C.
[5] Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018) ”Structural Sources of a Productivity
Decline in the Digital Economy,” International Journal of Managing Information Technology, Vol.
10, No. 1, pp 1-20.
[6] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Zhao, W., (2015) “New Paradigm of ICT Productivity: Increasing Role
of Un-captured GDP and Growing Anger of Consumers,” Technology in Society, Vol.41, pp 21–44.
[7] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2015) ”Dependency on Un-captured GDP as a Source
of Resilience beyond Economic Value in Countries with Advanced ICT Infrastructure: Similarities
and Disparities between Finland and Singapore,” Technology in Society, Vol. 42, pp 104–122.
[8] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. & Tou, Y., (2016) ”Operationalization of Un-captured
GDP: The Innovation Stream under New Global Mega-trends,” Technology in Society, Vol.45, pp
58–77.
[9] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2018) ”The Transformative Direction of Innovation
toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms,”
Technology in Society, Vol.53 (in print).
[10] McDonagh, D., (2008)Satisfying Needs beyond the Functional: The Changing Needs of the Silver
Market Consumer. Presented at the International Symposium on the Silver Market Phenomenon –
Business Opportunities and Responsibilities in the Aging Society, Tokyo, Japan.
[11] Feldstein, M., (2017) Understanding the Real Growth of GDP, Personal Income, and Productivity.
Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp 145-164.
[12] Syverson, C., (2017)“Challenges to Mismeasurement Explanations for the US Productivity
Slowdown,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp 165-186.
[13] Groshen, E.L., Moyer, B.C., Aizcorbe, A.M., Bradley, R., Friedman, D.M., (2017)“How
Government Statistics Adjust for Potential Biases from Quality Change and New Goods in an Age of
Digital Technologies: A View from the Trenches,” Journal of Economic Perspectives, Vol. 31, No. 2, pp
187-210.
[14] Byrne, D., Corrado, C., (2016)ICT Prices and ICT Services: What do They Tell about Productivity
and Technology? Economic Program Working Paper Series, EPWP #16-05, The Conference Board,
New York.
[15] Dervis, K. and Qureshi, Z., (2016)The Productivity Slump - Fact or Fiction: The Measurement

Debate, Global Economy and Development at Brookings, Washington, D.C.
[16] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. & Tou, Y., (2016) ”Co-evolution of Three Mega Trends
Nature Uncaptured GDP: Uber’s Ride-sharing Revolution,” Technology in Society, Vol.46, pp 164–
185.
[17] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2016) ”Co-evolution between Trust in Teachers and
Higher Education toward Digitally-rich Learning Environments,” Technology in Society, Vol.48, pp
70–96.
[18] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. & Neittaanmäki,P., (2017) ”ICT-driven Disruptive Innovation Nurtures
Uncaptured GDP: Harnessing Woemen’s Potential as Untapped Resources,” Technology in Society,
Vol.51, pp 81–101.
[19] International Monetary Fund (IMF), (2017)Measuring the Digital Economy: IMF Statistical Forum,
IMF, Washington D.C.
[20] Ylhainen, I., (2017) Challenges of Measuring the Digital Economy.
https://www.sitra.fi/en/articles/challenges-measuring-digital-economy/
[21] Watanabe, C., Kondo, R., Ouchi, N., Wei, H. and Griffy-Brown, C., (2004)“Institutional Elasticity as
a Significant Driver of IT Functionality Development,”Technological Forecasting and Social Change,
Vol. 71, No. 7, pp 723-750.
[22] Watanabe, C., Lei, S. and Ouchi, N., (2009)“Fusing Indigenous Technology Development and
Market Learning for Greater Functionality Development: An Empirical Analysis of the Growth
Trajectory of Canon Printers,”Technovation, Vol. 29, No. 2, pp 265-283.
[23] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. & Neittaanmäki, P., (2017) ”Co-evolution between Streaming and Live
Music Leads a Way to the Sustainable Growth of Music Industry: Lessons from the US Experiences,”
Technology in Society, Vol.50, pp 1-19.
[24] Japan Cabinet Office (JCO), (2012) National Survey of Lifestyle Preferences, JCO, Tokyo.
AUTHORS
Chihiro Watanabe graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently Professor Emeritus at
the Tokyo Institute of Technology, research professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a
research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
(watanabe.c.pqr@gmail.com).
Kuniko Moriya graduated fromAoyama Gakuin University, Japan, and is currently Director of the Bank
of Japan, and a research scholarat the University of Jyväskylä, Finland (kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp).
kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp
Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currentlyspecially appointed
associate professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (tou.yuji@gmail.com).
Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the University of Jyväskylä with a degree in Mathematics. He is
currently Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
(pekka.neittaanmaki@jyu.fi).

Simulating Hype Cycle Curves With Mathematical Functions : Some
Examples Of High-Tech Trends In Japan
Hiroshi Sasaki1
1
College of Business, Rikkyo University, Tokyo, Japan
ABSTRACT
In this study, a method to simulate Gartner’s hype cycle [1] is proposed. A search of the
academic literature on this topic provides no clear guidance on how to draw hype cycle curves
with mathematical functions. This article explores a new process for simulating the curve as a
combination of bell-shaped curves and S-shaped curves, and applies this process to some high-
tech innovations in Japan. Trends in technologies such as customer relationship management
(CRM), supply chain management (SCM), and cloud computing are analyzed by using a corpus
of 4,772 newspaper articles. For these examples, Gompertz functions show better fit than logistic
functions. For the combined curve, polynomial functions of degree 9 provide the best fit, with
adjusted R-square values of more than 0.97.
KEYWORDS
Hype cycle, High-tech innovation, S-shaped curves, Diffusion of innovations

REFERENCES
[1] Gartner,Inc.,(n.d.)“Gartner Hype Cycle”, Retrieved from
http://www.gartner.com/technology/research/methodologies/hype-cycle.jsp (21 March, 2015).
[2] Fenn, Jackie. & Raskino, Mark, (2008) Mastering the Hype Cycle –How to Choose the Right
Innovation at the Right Time, Harvard Business Press.
[3] Gartner, Inc., (2014) “Gartner's 2014 Hype Cycle for Emerging Technologies Maps the Journey to
Digital Business”,Retrieved from http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2819918 (21March, 2015).
[4] Kim,Song-kyoo, (2013) “General framework for management of technology evolution”, The Journal
of High Technology Management Research, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp130-137.
[5] Gray, Glen. Chiu, Victoria. Liu, Qi. & Li, Pei, (2014) “The expert systems life cycle in AIS research:
What does it mean for future AIS research?”, International Journal of Accounting Information Systems,
Vol. 15, pp423–451.
[6] Lente, Harro. Spitters, Charlotte. & Peine, Alexander,(2013)“Comparing technological hype cycles:
Towards a theory”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 80, No. 8, pp 1615-1628.
[7] Budde, Björn. Alkemade, Floortje. &Hekkert, Marko,(2013) “On the relation between communication
and innovation activities: A comparison of hybrid electric and fuel cell vehicles”, Environmental
Innovation and Societal Transitions, Vol.14, March 2015, pp.45-59.
[8] Vahid, Garousi, (2012) “Classification and trend analysis of UML books (1997-2009)”, Software &
Systems Modeling. Vol. 11, No. 2, pp273-285.
[9] Jun, Seung-Pyo,(2012)“A comparative study of hype cycles among actors within the socio-technical
system: With a focus on the case study of hybrid cars”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change,
Vol. 79, No. 8, pp1413-1430.
[10] Konrad, Kornelia. Markard, Jochen. Ruef, Annette. & Truffer, Bernhard, (2012) “Strategic responses
to fuel cell hype and disappointment”, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, Vol. 79, No. 6,
pp1084-1098.
[11] Kim, Jinhyung. Hwang, Myunggwon. Jeong, Do-Heon. & Jung, Hanmin,(2012) “Technology trends
analysis and forecasting application based on decision tree and statistical feature analysis”, Expert
Systems with Applications, Vol. 39, No.16, pp12618-12625.
[12] Ruef, Annette.& Markard, Jochen,(2010) “What happens after a hype? How changing expectations
affected innovation activities in the case of stationary fuel cells”, Technology Analysis & Strategic
Management, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp317-338.
[13] Konrad, Kornelia, (2006)“The social dynamics of expectations: The interaction of collective and
actor-specific expectations on electronic commerce and interactive television”, Technology Analysis
& Strategic Management, Vol. 18, No. 3/4, pp429-444.
[14] Sasaki, Hiroshi, (2014) “Time lags related to past and current IT innovations in Japan: An analysis of
ERP, SCM, CRM, and big data trends”, International Journal of Business Analytics, Vol. 1, No. 1,
pp29-42.

Neo Open Innovation In The Digital Economy: Harnessing Soft Innovation
Resources
Yuji Tou1
, Chihiro Watanabe2, 3
, Kuniko Moriya4, 5
, Pekka Neittaanmaki6
1
Dept. of Ind. Engineering &Magm, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Tokyo, Japan
2, 5, 6
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
3
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA), Austria
4
Research and Statistics Department, Bank of Japan, Tokyo, Japan
6
Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyvaskyla, Finland
ABSTRACT
Successive increases in R&D that creates new functionality are essential for global
competitiveness. However, unexpectedly, as a consequence of the two-faced nature of
information and communication technology (ICT), excessive R&D results in a marginal
productivity decline leading to a decrease in digital value creation. In order to overcome such a
dilemma, global ICT firms have been endeavoring to transform themselves into disruptive
business model. Neo open innovation that harnesses soft innovation resources may be a solution
to this critical question. On the basis of an empirical analysis focusing on forefront endeavors to
this dilemma by global ICT firms, this paper attempted to demonstrate the above hypothetical
view. Noteworthy findings suggestive to transforming the traditional business model into
disruptive innovation that satisfies people’s demand corresponding to their shift in preferences in
the digital economy is thus provided. In addition, a new concept for R&D resources in the digital
economy is postulated.
KEYWORDS
Digital economy, soft innovation resources, neo-open innovation, disruptive business model,
transformation
Volume Link : http://airccse.org/journal/ijmit/current.html

REFERENCES
[1] Tapscott, D., 1994. The Digital Economy: Promise and Peril in the Age of Networked Intelligence.
McGraw-Hill, New York.
[2] Department of Broadband, Communications and the Digital Economy (DBCDE), 2009. Digital
Economy Future Directions. DBCDE, Camberra.
[3] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Zhao, W., 2015a. New Paradigm of ICT Productivity: Increasing Role of
Un-captured GDP and Growing Anger of Consumers. Technology in Society41, 21–44.
[4] Bloomberg, 2017. 2017 Global Innovation 1000 Study. Bloomberg, New York.
[5] Fox, J., 2018. Amazon, the Biggest R&D Spender, Does Not Believe in R&D, Bloomberg Opinion,
13 April 2018.https://www.bloomberg.com/view/articles/2018-04-12/amazon-doesn-t-believe-inresearch-
and-development-spending (retrieved 22.09.2018).
[6] Chesbrough, H., 2006. Open Innovation: The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from
Technology. Harvard Business School Publishing Corporation, Massachusetts.
[7] Watanabe, C., Shin, J.H., Heikkinen, J., Zhao, W. and Griffy-Brown, C., 2011. New Functionality
Development through Follower Substitution for a Leader in Open Innovation. Technological Forecasting
and Social Change 78 (1), 116-131.
[8] Prahalad, C.K., 2004. The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid. Watson School of Publishing,
Washington, D.C.
[9] OECD, 2016. OECD Observer: The Digital Economy. OECD, Paris.
[10] Pew Research Center, 2016. Smartphone Ownership and Internet Usage Continues to Climb in
Emerging Economies. Pew Research Center, Washington, D.C.
[11] Ministry of Internal Affairs and Communication (MIC), 2011. White Paper on Japan’s Information
and Communication. MIC, Tokyo.
[12] UNESCO, 2015. Countries of All Income Levels Nurturing a Digital Economy. UNESCO Science
Report: towards 2030. UNESCO, Paris.
[13] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2018. The Transformative Direction of Innovation
toward an IoT-based Society: Increasing Dependency on Uncaptured GDP in Global ICT Firms.
Technology in Society 53, 23-46.
[14] Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y., Neittaanmäki, P., 2018a. Structural Sources of a Productivity
Decline in the Digital Economy. International Journal of Managing Information Technology 10 (1), 1-
20.
[15] Tou, Y., Moriya, K., Watanabe, C., Ilmola, L. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2018a. Soft Innovation Resources:
Enabler for Reversal in GDP Growth in the Digital Economy. International Journal of Managing
Information Technology 10 (3), 9-28.
[16] Tou, Y., Watanabe, C., Ilmola, L. Moriya, K., &Neittaanmäki, P., 2018b. Hybrid Role of Soft

Innovation Resources: Finland’s Notable Resurgence in the Digital Economy International Journal of
Managing Information Technology 10 (4), in print.
[17] Watanabe, C., Kondo, R., Ouchi, N., Wei, H. and Griffy-Brown, C., 2004. Institutional Elasticity as
a Significant Driver of IT Functionality Development. Technological Forecasting and Social Change 71
(7), 723-750.
[18] Schelling, T.C., 1998. Social mechanisms and social dynamics, in Hedstrom, P. and Swedberg, R.
eds., Social Mechanisms: An Analytical Approach to Social Theory. Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge,
32-43.
[19] Watanabe, C., 2009. Managing Innovation in Japan: The Role Institutions Play in Helping or
Hindering How Companies Develop Technology. Springer, Berlin.
[20] Watanabe, C., Lei, S. and Ouchi, N., 2009. Fusing Indigenous Technology Development and Market
Learning for Greater Functionality Development: An Empirical Analysis of the Growth Trajectory of
Canon Printers. Technovation, 29 (2), 265-283.
[21] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2017. ICT-driven Disruptive Innovation Nurtures
Uncaptured GDP: Harnessing Woemen’s Potential as Untapped Resources. Technology in Society51,
81–101.
[22] Watanabe, C., Moriya, K., Tou, Y. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2018b. Consequences of the Digital
Economy: Transformation of the Growth Concept. International Journal of Managing Information
Technology10 (2), 21-39.
[23] McDonagh, D., 2008. Satisfying Needs beyond the Functional: The Changing Needs of the Silver
Market Consumer. Presented at the International Symposium on the Silver Market Phenomenon –
Business Opportunities and Responsibilities in the Aging Society, Tokyo, Japan.
[24] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K., Neittaanmäki, P. &Tou, Y., 2016b. Co-evolution of Three Mega Trends
Nature Uncaptured GDP: Uber’s Ride-sharing Revolution. Technology in Society 46, 164–185.
[25] Watanabe, C., Naveed, K. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2016c. Co-evolution between Trust in Teachers and
Higher Education toward Digitally-rich Learning Environments. Technology in Society 48, 70–96.
[26] Naveed, K., Watanabe, C., Neittaanmäki, P., 2017. Co-evolution between Streaming and Live Music
Leads a Way to the Sustainable Growth of Music Industry: Lessons from the US Experiences.Technology
in Society50, 1-19.
[27] Kenney, M., 2013. The Growth and Development of the Internet in the United States. In: Cogut B,
Ed.The Global Internet Economy. MIT Press, Massachusetts.
[28] Watanabe, C., Naveed, N. &Neittaanmäki, P., 2018c. Digital Solution Transform the Forest-based
Bioeconomy into a Digital Platform Industry: A Suggestion for a Disruptive Business Model in the
Digital Economy. Technology in Society54, 168-188.
[29] Galloway, S., 2017. The Hidden DNA of Amazon, Apple, Facebook, and Google. Penguin Random
House LLC, New York.

[30] Amazon, 2017. Annual Report 2016. Amazon, Seattle.
https://ir.aboutamazon.com/staticfiles/380785a4-779c-4252-897b-539d3ef70680(retrieved 05.09.2018).
AUTHORS
Yuji Tou graduated from Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan, and is currentlyspecially appointed
associate professor at Tokyo Institute of Technology, Japan (tou.yuji@gmail.com).
Chihiro Watanabe graduated from the University of Tokyo, Japan, and is currently Professor Emeritus at
the Tokyo Institute of Technology, research professor at the University of Jyväskylä, Finland, and a
research scholar at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA).
(watanabe.c.pqr@gmail.com).
Kuniko Moriya graduated from Aoyama Gakuin University, Japan, and is currently is currently Director
of the Bank of Japan. (kuniko.moriya@boj.or.jp).
Pekka Neittaanmäki graduated from the University of Jyväskylä with a degree in Mathematics. He is
currently Professor of the Faculty of Information Technology, University of Jyväskylä, Finland.
(pekka.neittaanmaki@jyu.fi).

Knowledge Sharing in Workplace: Motivators and Demotivators
1
Oye, N.D. 2
Mazleena Salleh 3
Noorminshah, A.
Faculty of Computer Science and Information System Universiti Technologi Malaysia 81310
Skudai, Johor
ABSTRACT
This paper gives an overview of knowledge sharing in workplace. Based on the review of critical
literatures by the authors, they infer that knowledge sharing in workplace can be influenced by
motivators and demotivators. Activities of knowledge sharing in organizations may be on
organization level or individual level. Knowledge sharing of both levels is critical to the success
or failure of knowledge management inside and outside of organizations. Age, culture, and
industry were all found to affect knowledge sharing among workers. A common stereotype is
that older workers hoard knowledge because they are more insecure and feel threatened by
younger workers. Since older workers have more valuable knowledge, younger workers needed
to entice their older colleagues to share their valuable knowledge with them. The paper focus on
motivators and demotivators to sharing Knowledge in workplace. Theories and research
pertaining to why workers share knowledge are reviewed. While all industry need knowledge
and innovation, it is also true that the pace of change and the need to innovate differs from
industry to industry. Technology was acknowledged to have a high important role in increasing
productivity of knowledge sharing. It plays a critical role in creating, storing and distributing
explicit knowledge in an accessible and expeditious manner.
KEYWORDS
Knowledge, Sharing knowledge, Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivators and Demotivators

REFERENCES
[1] Ni C. ,Knowlegde Sharing and Knowledge Broker of Organizations: Second International Conference
on Future Information Technology and Management Engineering. 978-07695-3880-8/09. 2009 IEEE.
[2] Nissen, M.E., ‘‘Knowledge management and global cultures: elucidation through an institutional
knowledge-flow perspective’’, Knowledge and Process Management, 2007. Vol. 14 No. 3, pp. 211-
25.
[3] Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I. Knowing "what “to do is not enough: Turning knowledge into action.
California Management Review, 1999. 42(1), 83-108.
[4] Pfeffer, J., & Sutton, R. I,Knowing "what “to do is not enough: Turning knowledge into action.
[5] Kerr, J., & Slocum, J. W., Managing corporate culture through reward systems. Academy of
Management Executive, 1987. 1(2), 99-108.
[6] Matheson, L. R., & Tarjan, R. E. ,Culturally induced information impactedness: A prescription for
failure in software ventures. Journal of Management InformationSystems, 1998. 15(2), 23-40.
[7] Recardo, R., & Jolly, J., Organizational culture and teams. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal,
1997. 62(2), 4-8.
[8] Zhang, D.J. and Zhao, L. ,Knowledge management in organizations”, Journal of Database
Management, 2006. Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 1-9.
[9] Voelpel, S.C., Eckhoff, R.A. and Fo¨rster, J.,“David against Goliath? Group size and bystander
effects in virtual knowledge sharing”, Human Relations, 2005.Vol. 61 No. 2, pp. 271-95.
[10] Nilakanta, S., Miller, L.L. and Zhu, D.,“Organizational memory management: technological and
research issues”, Journal of Database Management, 2006. Vol. 17 No. 1, pp. 85-95.
[11] Nonaka, I.,“The knowledge-creating company”, Harvard Business Review, 1991.Vol. 69 No. 6, pp.
96-104.
[12] Nonaka, I., & Takeuchi, H. ,A dynamic theory of organizational knowledge creation. Organization
Science, 1994. 5(1), 14-37.
[13] Nonaka, I., Von Krogh, G. and Voelpel, S.,“Organizational knowledge creation theory: evolutionary
paths and future advances”, Organization Studies, 2006. Vol. 27 No. 8, pp. 1179-208.
[14] Sa´enz, J., Aramburu, N. and Rivera, O.,“Knowledge sharing and innovation performance; a
comparison between high-tech and low-tech companies”, Journal of Intellectual Capital, 2009.Vol.
10 No. 1, pp. 22-36.
[15] Van Den Hooff, B. and De Ridder, J.A.,“Knowledge sharing in context: the influence of
organizational commitment, communication climate and CMC usage on knowledge sharing”, Journal
of Knowledge Management, 2004. Vol. 8 No. 6, pp. 117-30.
[16] Li, M. and Gao, F.,“Why Nonaka highlights tacit knowledge: a critical review”, Journal of

Knowledge Management, 2003. Vol. 7 No. 4, pp. 6-14.
[17] Seidler-de Alwis, R. and Hartmann, E.,“The use of tacit knowledge within innovative companies:
knowledge management in innovative enterprises”, Journal of Knowledge Management, 2008. Vol.
12 No. 1, pp. 133-47.
[18] Kikoski, C.K. and Kikoski, J.F., The Inquiring Organization: Tacit Knowledge, Conversation, and
Knowledge Creation Skills for 21st-Century Organizations, Praeger, Westport, CT. 2004.
[19] Hall, H., Input-friendliness: Motivating knowledge sharing across intranets. Journal of Information
Science, 2001. 27(3), 139-146.
[20] Holsapple, C. W., & Joshi, K. D. ,Knowledge management: A threefold framework. The Information
Society, 2002. 18(1), 47-64.
[21] King, W. R., Playing an integral role in knowledge management. Information Systems Management,
2000.17(4), 59-61.
[22] Kreiner, K. ,Tacit knowledge management: The role of artifacts. Journal of Knowledge Management
2002., 6(2), 112-123.
[23] Meso, P., & Smith, R. ,A resource-based view of organizational knowledge management systems.
Journal of Knowledge Management, 2000. 4(3), 224-234.
[24] Drucker, P. ,Post-capitalist society. 1993. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann.
[25] Davenport, T. H. ,Information ecology: Mastering the information and knowledge environment. New
York, NY: Oxford University Press. 1997.
[26] Polanyi, M, The tacit dimension. Garden City, N.Y: Anchor Books. 1966.
[27] Stewart, T. A. ,Intellectual capital: The new wealth of organizations. New York, NY: Doubleday.
1997.
[28] Lifeng,Yang. Knowlegde , Tacit Knowledge and Tacit Knowledge Sharing. 978-1-4244-4639-1/09,
2009. IEEE.
[29] Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R., The knowledge-creating theory revisited: Knowledge creation as a
synthesizing process. Knowledge Management Research & Practice,2003. 1(1), 2-10.
[30] Nonaka, I., Konno, N., & Toyama, R. ,Emergence of "Ba". In I. Nonaka & T. Nishiguchi (Eds.),
Knowledge Emergence: Social, Technical, and Evolutionary Dimensions of Knowledge Creation.
New York, NY: Oxford University Press. 2001.
[31] Nonaka, I., & Konno, N. ,The concept of "Ba": Building a foundation for knowledge creation.
[32] Nonaka, I., & Toyama, R. ,The theory of the knowledge-creating firm: Subjectivity, objectivity and
synthesis. Industrial and Corporate Change, 2005. 14(3), 419-436.
[33] Bennett, R,"Ba" as a determinant of salesforce effectiveness: An empirical assessment of the

applicability of the Nonaka-Takeuchi model to the management of the selling function. Marketing
Intelligence & Planning, 2001. 19(3), 188-199.
[35] Hunter, L., Beaumont, P., & Lee, M. ,Knowledge management practice in Scottish law firms. Human
Resource Management Journal, 2002. 12(2), 4-21.
[36] Tampoe, M. ,Motivating knowledge workers - the challenge for the 1990s. In P. S. Myers (Ed.),
Knowledge management and organization design. Boston, MA: Butterworth-Heinemann. 1996.
[37] Herzberg, F. ,One more time: How do you motivate employees. Harvard Business Review 2003.,
81(1), 86-96.
[38] Millward, N. ,Family status and behaviour at work. Sociological Review, 1968. 16(2).
[39] Vroom, V. H. ,Work and motivation. New York, NY: Wiley. 1964.
[40] Davenport, T. H., & Prusak, L. ,Working knowledge: How organizations manage what they know.
Boston, MA: Harvard Business School Press. 1998.
[41] Stenmark, D. ,Turning tacit knowledge tangible. Paper presented at the 33rd Hawaiian International
Conference on System Sciences, Maui, Hawaii. 2000.
[42] Drolet, M., & Morissette, R. ,Better jobs in the new economy? Perspectives, 2002. 24-34.
[43] Amar, A. D,Motivating knowledge workers to innovate: A model integrating motivation dynamics
and antecedents. European Journal of Innovation Management, 2004 .7(2), 89-101.
[44] Hofstede, G., & McCrae, R. R. ,Personality and culture revisited: Linking traits and dimensions of
culture. Cross-Cultural Research, 2004. 38(1), 52-88.
[45] Ford, D., & Chan, Y. ,Knowledge sharing in a cross-cultural setting: A case study (pp. 31): Queen’s
Center for Knowledge-Based Enterprises. 2002.
[46] Sharkie, R. ,Precariousness under the new psychological contract: The effect on trust and the
willingness to converse and share knowledge. Knowledge ManagementResearch & Practice, 2005.
3(1), 37-44.
[47] Dirks, K. T., & Ferrin, D. L. ,The role of trust in organizational settings. Organization Science, 2001.
12(4), 450-467.
[48] Ardichvili, A., Page, V., & Wentling, T. ,Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual
knowledge-sharing communities of practice. Journal of Knowledge Management, 2003. 7(1), 64-77.
[49] Hendriks, P. ,Why share knowledge? The influence of ICT on the motivation for knowledge sharing.
Knowledge and Process Management, 1999. 6(2), 91-100.
[50] Levin, D. Z., & Cross, R. ,The strength of weak ties you can trust: The mediating role of trust in
effective knowledge transfer. Management Science,2004. 50(11), 1477-1490.
[51] Drucker, P. ,Beyond the information revolution. The Atlantic Monthly,1999. 284, 47.

[52] Maslow, A. H. ,A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 1943.50(4), 370-396.
[53] Vincent, M. R. and Quiping, Z. Expertise and Mistakes, To Share or Not to Share. A Cross culture
Study of In-group/ out-group Relationship on Knowledge Sharing. Proceedings of the 43rd Hawii
International Conference on System Sciences, 2010.
[54] Sophia, S.C. and Joseph, C.S. Knowledge Acquisition Sharing Intention, and Sharing Behavior.
International Conference on e-Education, e-Business, e-Management and e-Learning, 2010.
[55] Oye,N.D.;Mazleena,S. and A.Iahad, N.: Challenges of E-learning in Nigerian University Education
Based on the Experience of Developed Countries. International Journal of Managing Information
Technology,2010, Vol3(2), 39-48.
AUTHORS
N.D.Oye, receive his M.Tech OR (Operations Research) degree from the Federal University of
Technology Yola- Nigeria in 2002. He is a lec-turer in the department of Mathematics and Computer
Science in the same Univeristy. At the moment he is a Phd student in the department of Information
Systems in the Faculty of computer Science and Infor-mation systems at the Univeristi Teknologi
Malaysia, Skudai, Johore, Malaysia. oyenath@yahoo.co.uk
M. Salleh received her Phd in Computer Science at Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in the field of
computer networking. Presently she is the Head of Department of Computer Systems and
Communication,Faculty of Computer Science and Information Systems, Univerisiti Teknologi Malaysia.
Her research areas include computer security, cryptography and networking. mazleena@fsksm.utm.my
N. A. Iahad has a Phd at the school of informatics, The University of Manchester. Her research areas are:
online Learning and asynchronous computer- mediated- communication. Currently she is a senior lecturer
in the department of Information systems, in the faculty of Computer Science and Information system,
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia. Noorminshah A Ahad <noorminshah@gmail>.

Top downloaded papers - International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

What's hot

What's hot (20)

Similar to Top downloaded papers - International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)

Similar to Top downloaded papers - International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT) (20)

More from IJMIT JOURNAL

More from IJMIT JOURNAL (20)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Top downloaded papers - International Journal of Managing Information Technology (IJMIT)