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1. Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 3), June 2014, pp.161-164
www.ijera.com 161 | P a g e
Solid Waste Bin Monitoring Using Zig –Bee
Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan*, Prof. J. S. Chitode**
*(Department. of Electronics Engineering. Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, Pune, India)
**(Department. of Electronics Engineering. Bharati Vidyapeeth’s College of Engineering, Pune, India)
ABSTRACT
Through the history, the significant amount of solid waste generated by humans was due to low population
density and low levels of the exploitation of natural resources. Common waste produced during pre-modern
times was mainly ashes and human biodegradable waste, which were released into the ground locally, with
minimal environment impact. Tools made out of metal or woods were generally reused or passed down the
generations and generations .
However, in mid-19th century, due to cholera outbreaks and the emergence of a public health debate that the
first legislation on this solid waste issue emerged. the report The Sanitary Condition of the Labouring
Population in 1842 of the social reformer, Edwin Chadwick, in which he argued for the importance of adequate
waste removal and management facilities to improve the health and wellbeing of the city's population was
highly effective.
Keywords: ARM 7, GSM, Solid Waste, Waste Management, Zig Bee
I. INTRODUCTION
The classification of Solid waste can be done
into three main types by making reference to the
sources of waste. These three types of solid waste are
municipal solid waste, overall construction waste and
special waste. The detailed description of some
commonly used terms are described below.
Municipal solid waste includes domestic waste,
commercial waste and industrial waste.
I.1 DOMESTIC WASTE:
It is nothing but household waste, the waste
which is generated from daily activities in
institutional premises and refuse collected from
public cleansing services. Public cleansing waste
includes dirt and litter collected by the Food and
Environmental
Hygiene Department (FEHD), marine refuse
collected by the Marine Department and waste from
country parks collected by the Agriculture, Fisheries
and Conservation Department.
I.2 COMMERCIAL WASTE :
It is the waste arising from commercial activities
taking place in shops, hotels, offices, markets in
private housing estates, etc. It is collected mainly by
private waste collectors.
I.3 INDUSTRIAL WASTE:
It is waste arising from industrial activities and
do not include construction waste and chemical
waste. It is usually collected by private waste
collectors. However, some industries deliver the
industrial waste directly to landfills for disposal.
I.4 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE:
It contains a small portion of bulky items like
domestic appliances which would not be handled by
conventional compactor type refuse collection
vehicles. These items are bulky waste and are
usually collected separately.
Hence , we need a effective and ofcourse a new
technology which can continuously improve the
productivity, profitability, sustainability of Solid
Waste monitoring and Collection System .
In Day to Day life , we frequently see the
pictures of garbage bins being overfull and all the
garbage bins spilling out which results in pollution.
This also definitely increases number of diseases as
large number of insects and mosquitoes breed on it.
Hence our problem statement would be
Designing a System Based on Arm 7 for collecting
the garbage from a particular area – the area whose
public Garbage Bin are overflowing with prior
concern.
Solid waste management[1] is a big challenge in
urban areas for most of the countries throughout the
world. An efficient waste management for maintain a
safe and green environment as there are increasing all
kinds of waste disposal. There are many technologies
are used for waste collection as well as for well
managed recycling. In this project, we have
introduced an integrated system combined with an
integrated system of Zigbee and Global System for
Mobile Communication(GSM).The sensors would be
placed in the common garbage bins placed on the
public places. When the garbage reaches the level of
the sensor, then that indication will be given to ARM
7 Controller. The controller will give indication to the
RESEARCH ARTICLE OPEN ACCESS

2. Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 3), June 2014, pp.161-164
www.ijera.com 162 | P a g e
driver of garbage collection truck as to which
garbage bin is completely filled and needs urgent
attention . ARM 7 will give indication by sending
sms using GSM technology.
II. TECNOLOGIES INTEGRATED
II.1 ZIGBEE TECHNOLOGY :
ZigBee is a specification for a suite of high level
communication protocols using small, low-
power digital radios based on an IEEE 802.15.4`
standard for personal area networks. ZigBee devices
are often used in mesh network form to transmit data
over longer distances, passing data through
intermediate devices to reach more distant ones. This
allows ZigBee networks to be formed ad-hoc, with no
centralized control or high-power transmitter/receiver
able to reach all of the devices. Any ZigBee device
can be tasked with running the network.
ZigBee is targeted at applications that require a
low data rate, long battery life, and secure
networking. ZigBee has a defined rate of 250 kbit/s,
best suited for periodic or intermittent data or a single
signal transmission from a sensor or input
device. Applications include wireless light switches,
electrical meters with in-home-displays, traffic
management systems, and other consumer and
industrial equipment that requires short-range
wireless transfer of data at relatively low rates. The
technology defined by the ZigBee specification is
intended to be simpler and less expensive than
other WPANs, such as Bluetooth. ZigBee is a low-
cost, low-power, wireless mesh network standard.
The low cost allows the technology to be widely
deployed in wireless control and monitoring
applications. Low power-usage allows longer life
with smaller batteries. Mesh networking provides
high reliability and more extensive range. ZigBee
chip vendors typically sell integrated radios and
microcontrollers with between 60 KB and 256 KB
flash memory.
II.2 GSM
The compatibility between Microcontroller and
GSM Module[2] will be taken care by MAX-232
chip and at the receiver side Mobile is in the hand of
user which receives SMS. The GSM Module is
interfaced with the ARM microcontroller through
MAX 232. GSM Module has a SIM card, it sends an
SMS to user, when an error introduced.
It is a specialized type of modem which accepts a
SIM card, and operates over a subscription to a
mobile operator, just like a mobile phone. They are
used for sending and receiving SMS and MMS
alerts.. The GSM modem is interfaced with the ARM
microcontroller [3]. If the parameter values of
temperature, humidity, light intensity and soil
moisture exceed the set points a SMS alert is sent to
the user through the GSM.
III. IMPLEMENTATION
Fig.4.1 Actual Implementation
In Solid Waste Bin Monitoring And Collection
System[4] , the ultrasonic sensors placed on the lid
sense the level of the garbge Bin.When the level is
reached to our expectation , signal is sent through Zig
–Bee technology to the ARM Board placed in the
Central Office .The Central Office will find out the
place and area of the signal sent . And this Place and
Area Of the Garbage Bin which is full, will be
conveyed to the driver of the dumper truck through
SMS , so that he can head towards that particular
area without wasting time and fuel . As well as will
get displayed in the central Office.
The input to the sensor module would come from
the waste bin which are placed at different localities
in the public area
The sensor is placed in the garbage bin at a level
so selected as , if that level is crossed by the garbage
in the bin, then sensor will sense that and will
communicate to ARM 7 controller through Zig Bee
technology.
Fig 4.2 Block Diagram

3. Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 3), June 2014, pp.161-164
www.ijera.com 163 | P a g e
The ARM7TDMI-S is a general purpose 32-bit
microprocessor, which offers high performance and
very low power consumption. The ARM architecture
is based on Reduced Instruction Set Computer
(RISC) principles, and the instruction set and related
decode mechanism are much simpler than those of
micro programmed Complex Instruction Set
Computers (CISC). This simplicity results in a high
instruction throughput and impressive real-time
interrupt response from a small and cost-effective
processor core.
Pipeline techniques[5] are employed so that all
parts of the processing and memory systems can
operate continuously. Typically, while one
instruction is being executed, its successor is being
decoded, and a third instruction is being fetched from
memory.
The LPC21xx microcontrollers are based on a
16-bit/32-bit ARM7 CPU with real-time emulation
and embedded trace support, that combine
microcontroller with embedded high speed flash
memory .
A power supply is a device that supplies electric
power to an electrical load or circuit . The 5V supply
is required for ARM board . Hence we will design the
same .
IV. CONCLUSION
Solid Waste is a severe and important matter in
which everyone needs to put responsive and
immediate action without any delay. The proposed
system would monitor the solid waste collection
process and manage overall collection . It would
provide in time solid waste collection resulting into
clean environment, fuel saving and important time
saving as well.
We have designed a solid waste moitoring and
control system with advantages of low cost and
accuracy. The benefits that this project can give is for
global warming . for Applying Zigbee based WSN
technologies is a revolution for protected Solid Waste
Management which overcomes the limits of wired
connection systems. In this we proposed a new
approach using the so the user can view the required
data anywhere from the world on his android mobile
phone as these devices are connected via Internet. In
our future work, it is proposed to implement the
system using VLSI technology.
Fig 5.1 Cental Processing Unit
Fig 5.2 Garbage Box 1
Figure 5.2 and 5.3 shows the different garbage
Boxws located at different places.They communicate
with central node as shown in figure 5.1
Fig 5.3 Garbage Box 2

4. Mrs. Kanchan Mahajan Int. Journal of Engineering Research and Applications www.ijera.com
ISSN : 2248-9622, Vol. 4, Issue 6( Version 3), June 2014, pp.161-164
www.ijera.com 164 | P a g e
Fig 5.4 Complete System
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