2. Cognitive predictors of reading in different languages
Visual Phonological awareness Phonological access
Sound discrimination Phonological memory Phonological decoding
75%
50%
25%
0%
Arabic Chinese English Hungarian Portuguese
Diszlexiaveszélyeztetettség
9. ‘Around two-thirds of
Mancunian school
children are bilingual – a
huge figure which
indicates just how
precious its linguistic
culture is. As immigration
and the arrival of
overseas students to the
city continues, it’s fair to
say that this already large
list is set to grow.’
10.
11. What is dyslexia?
Dyslexia is a difficulty in the acquisition of fluent
and accurate reading and writing skills.
The manifestation of dyslexia in any individual
depends not only upon the cognitive profile but also
the language in question.
Question: Why label?
19. Chinese multilinguals –
Spelling non-words
Target Hank Denis Lucy Kevin
cug cup car cag cother
yoll yo young yotch yo
brin bun bring brein bring
moid meild mored moid moid
rilt wilt rult realt roat
driggle chelle grout choger groot
plicant clikcan playcant plicant prkarm
stronk strong strong strung strong
cladition condition praettation clidition learmeather
trabnag traveleg travnige trapnegk charparint
20. Sound discrimination
shelled shield
Test items
halt hall
tilt tilt
ship sheep
raw war
nib nip
fish fish
end and
fan van
lap rap
21. Understanding ESL and Sound
Discrimination
Some language groups have difficulties distinguishing certain sounds.
Below is an example of a typical sound discrimination task, and examples
of language groups that have problems with specific items.
shelled shield
halt hall
ship sheep Russian
raw war
nib nip Spanish
end and Many languages
fan van Indian languages
lap rap Chinese, Japanese
