13. , (1)
III. BEND-TWIST EFFECT ON PERFORMANCE OF COMPOSITE PROPELLER
Composites do possess variety of coupling effects such as extension-shear:-./0-/,
extension-bending:1..0 1.01, extension –twisting:1./01/, shear- bending:1./01/, shear-twisting:
1//, bending- twisting: ./0/, biaxial-extension:-., and biaxial- bending:.[11,12,13].
For the design of composite marine propellers researchers used exclusively the bend-twist coupling
phenomenon for performance enhancement compared to metallic propeller [9]. In this work, the
bend-twist coupling is investigated for a three material composite laminate made up of R-glass
roving UD/epoxy, S2 glass fabric/epoxy and carbon UD/epoxy, the properties of which are shown in
table 1. All the stacking sequences are assumed to be symmetric. As a result of selecting symmetric
laminates, extension-twist coupling is not investigated, i.e. 1./ and 1/
14. 2. For the purpose of
understanding the effect of bend-twist coupling on the performance of composite marine propeller,
the ply angle of the layer made of R-glass roving UD/epoxy is changed systematically in stacking
sequences 3.3.4 from 526 7 526 as shown in table 2. For better understanding the propeller
characteristics, the stiffness ratios of ./8..0/8..0./80 /8 versus 9 for the
laminate*:;87:;8!!,;=87!!,;=852=8:;=89?82=8@A,;=87@A,;8528@287@BBBBB2B
+ are
tabulated for each of the sequences as shown in table 3 and are plotted in fig 1.
Table 1: Material properties
R Glass roving UD / Epoxy S2 Glass fabric /
Epoxy
Carbon UD / Epoxy
thickness 0.3 mm 0.32mm 0.3mm
Density (gm/cc) 2 1.8 1.6
CD( Gpa) 48.3 22.92 25
CE 12.4 22.92 10
CF 12.4 12.4 10
GDE 0.16 0.12 0.16
GEF 0.28 0.2 0.2
GDF 0.28 0.2 0.16
HDE(Gpa) 6.6 4.7 5.2
HEF 4.14 4.2 3.8
HDF 4.14 4.2 6
17. Fig 1: Stiffnesses of different stacking sequences
IV. FLUID-STRUCTURE INTERACTION (FSI)
18. The hydro-elastic model basically accounts for the fluid structure interaction (FSI), as
presented in [10]. The displacement field, {}, is determined using the finite element method in
structural model realized with ANSYS, and the hydrodynamic pressure field, {}, is determined
using the finite volume method in the hydrodynamic model realized through FLUENT. The
equilibrium between the hydrodynamic and structural forces is obtained by the hydro-elastic model.
That is, the hydro-elastic model determines the displacement vector {} which satisfies the
YZ[
19. [ (2)
Where, [K] is the structural stiffness matrix which can be tailored by laminate lay-up
sequence. The displacement field is determined by the structural model for the given pressure
310