1. What is meant by the term "hidden" corporate culture? a. the values and beliefs of the corporation that shape employees' attitudes b. the tendency to promote individuals to their level of incompetence c. an organization's tendency to shift goals to perpetuate its existence d. the placement of minorities in highly visible but powerless positions 2. Anthony, a retired Army officer, is a professor of sociology at a small state university. During the Vietnam War, he was awarded the Medal of Honor and he usually wears a small ribbon on the lapel of his suit coat denoting this. He also wears his West Point ring from the class of 1965. Using the terminology of dramaturgy, the lapel pin and class ring would be classified as ________. a. stages b. background assumptions c. role performances d. props 3. How does the mass media influence gender roles in contemporary American society? a. It encourages a sexless society. b. It encourages women to assume male roles to be successful. c. It reinforces gender roles considered appropriate for one's sex. d. It encourages cross-gender behavior. 4. What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to infant-mother bonding? a. peer socialization b. feeding and grooming c. intimate social contact d. intellectual development 5. Jane is a 49-year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do these characteristics have in common? a. These are examples of her ascribed statuses. b. These are examples of her achieved statuses. c. These, particularly her Irish-German descent, are part of her master status. d. These characteristics are examples of status inconsistency. 6. Which of Williams' U.S. values is contradicts the other values of freedom, democracy, and equality? a. science and technology b. material comfort c. group superiority d. religiosity 7. Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-level analysis when examining patterns of society? a. symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists b. symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists c. conflict theorists and structural functionalists d. conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists 8. Sociologists have identified an emerging set of five interrelated values in American society. What are these emerging values? a. self-destiny, spirituality, environmental concern, technological awareness, and physical fitness b. leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youthfulness, and environmental concern c. freedom, equality, romantic love, youthfulness, and physical fitness d. romantic love, individualism, mental health, self-fulfillment, and equality 9. Steve and Naomi are counting the empty whiskey bottles in trashcans to measure the level of whiskey consumption in town. These researchers are using a method of research referred to as ________. a. documentation b. participant observation c. survey research d. unobtrusive measures 10. The spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another refers to ________. a..

1. 1.
What is meant by the term "hidden" corporate culture?
a.
the values and beliefs of the corporation that shape employees'
attitudes
b.
the tendency to promote individuals to their level of
incompetence
c.
an organization's tendency to shift goals to perpetuate its
existence
d.
the placement of minorities in highly visible but powerless
positions
2.
Anthony, a retired Army officer, is a professor of sociology at a
small state university. During the Vietnam War, he was awarded
the Medal of Honor and he usually wears a small ribbon on the
lapel of his suit coat denoting this. He also wears his West
Point ring from the class of 1965. Using the terminology of
dramaturgy, the lapel pin and class ring would be classified as
________.
a.
stages
b.
background assumptions
c.
role performances
d.

2. props
3.
How does the mass media influence gender roles in
contemporary American society?
a.
It encourages a sexless society.
b.
It encourages women to assume male roles to be successful.
c.
It reinforces gender roles considered appropriate for one's sex.
d.
It encourages cross-gender behavior.
4.
What did the Harlow experiment conclude as being the key to
infant-mother bonding?
a.
peer socialization
b.
feeding and grooming
c.
intimate social contact
d.
intellectual development
5.
Jane is a 49-year-old woman of Irish-German descent. What do
these characteristics have in common?
a.
These are examples of her ascribed statuses.
b.
These are examples of her achieved statuses.

3. c.
These, particularly her Irish-German descent, are part of her
master status.
d.
These characteristics are examples of status inconsistency.
6.
Which of Williams' U.S. values is contradicts the other values
of freedom, democracy, and equality?
a.
science and technology
b.
material comfort
c.
group superiority
d.
religiosity
7.
Which groups of social theorists would focus most on macro-
level analysis when examining patterns of society?
a.
symbolic interactionists and structural functionalists
b.
symbolic interactionists and conflict theorists
c.
conflict theorists and structural functionalists
d.
conflict theorists and symbolic interactionists
8.
Sociologists have identified an emerging set of five interrelated
values in American society. What are these emerging values?

4. a.
self-destiny, spirituality, environmental concern, technological
awareness, and physical fitness
b.
leisure, self-fulfillment, physical fitness, youthfulness, and
environmental concern
c.
freedom, equality, romantic love, youthfulness, and physical
fitness
d.
romantic love, individualism, mental health, self-fulfillment,
and equality
9.
Steve and Naomi are counting the empty whiskey bottles in
trashcans to measure the level of whiskey consumption in town.
These researchers are using a method of research referred to as
________.
a.
documentation
b.
participant observation
c.
survey research
d.
unobtrusive measures
10.
The spread of cultural characteristics from one group to another
refers to ________.
a.
folkways
b.
cultural diffusion

5. c.
values
d.
cultural universals
11.
A young woman is contemplating a particular behavior, in this
case, dropping out of college. She is also considering an
awareness of the self in relationship to others to avoid feelings
of shame and embarrassment. This is referred to as her
________.
a.
socialized self as subject
b.
self-actualized stage
c.
social mirror
d.
reality principle
12.
How would an organization minimize the occurrence of
groupthink?
a.
using a highly authoritative leader
b.
hiring the most intelligent applicants
c.
giving free rein to diverse opinions
d.
submitting to public review and scrutiny
13.
Why do many sociologists object to psychoanalysis as a valid

6. explanation for human behavior?
a.
Sociologists reject the notion that personality develops in
stages.
b.
Sociologists disagree on the influence of the super ego as a
balancing force of behavior.
c.
Sociologists argue that Freud failed to study a wide range of
subjects before developing his theory.
d.
Sociologists object to the view that inborn and subconscious
motivations are the primary reasons for human behavior.
14.
Good nutrition, medical care, comfortable housing, and a nice
car are included in a classification of values in American
society that sociologist Robin Williams would call ________.
a.
achievement and success
b.
progress
c.
material comfort
d.
efficiency and practicality
15.
Which of the following statements is the best example of a
hypothesis?
a.
"All men are created equal."
b.

7. "A penny saved is a penny earned."
c.
"Unemployed men are more likely to commit spousal abuse than
employed men."
d.
"More than 300 million people live in the United States."
16.
The technique created by Sigmund Freud for the treatment of
emotional problems through long-term, intensive exploration of
the subconscious mind is referred to as ________.
a.
transactional analysis
b.
rational emotive therapy
c.
psychoanalysis
d.
reality therapy
17.
Jarod is conducting research on the homeless. For six weeks, he
has lived among the homeless "24/7," sleeping on the street or
at a shelter, and engaging in the same activities as the
population he is studying. By doing so, Jarod has been able to
gather a broad understanding of the homeless, their needs, and
characteristics. In view of this, Jarod is using ________ as a
method of gathering data.
a.
representative sampling
b.
secondary analysis
c.
content analysis

8. d.
participant observation
18.
Anthropologists Edward Sapir and Benjamin Whorf concluded
that ________.
a.
objects and events force themselves onto our consciousness
b.
language creates ways of thinking and perceiving
c.
symbols are the basis of human relationships
d.
learning a new language creates cultural diversity
19.
Sam is conducting interviews to assess students' opinions on
how President Bush handled the second Gulf War. Because this
is a controversial topic at Sam's conservative campus, what is
the best way for him to develop a sense of rapport with the
sample?
a.
He should pay the interviewed students a stipend for their
cooperation.
b.
He should begin by asking neutral questions and holding off on
sensitive issues.
c.
He should tell the students he interviews their identities will be
kept secret.
d.
He should begin by telling the participants that he is a
Democrat.

9. 20.
Which of the following topics would most likely be approached
based on a macrosociological analysis?
a.
a study of the social norms used by street corner men
b.
a study of the face-to-face interaction of members of a research
group
c.
a study of the impact of terrorism on the travel plans of
business people
d.
a study of the ways in which children in a play group develop
language skills
21.
There are New York Yankee fans in every state in America,
throughout Canada, and in nations all over the world.
Sociologically, which concept best describes these fans?
a.
They are a group.
b.
They are a social group.
c.
They are an aggregate.
d.
They are a category.
22.
In which group would diffusion of responsibility be the greatest
concern?
a.
a married couple

10. b.
the graduating class of a large university
c.
a football team
d.
a basketball team
23.
What are the three primary variables in determining one's social
class?
a.
race, sex, residence
b.
income, education, occupational prestige
c.
race, sex, income
d.
income, education, sex
24.
Pigs, spiders, elephants, and other animals that rely solely on
instinct act as they do because they lack a ________.
a.
cerebral cortex
b.
brain
c.
central nervous system
d.
moral compass
25.
Most American high schools routinely schedule ceremonies to
recognize the most talented student athletes and scholars. Such

11. activities illustrate the importance that Americans place on
which value, as defined by sociologist Robin Williams?
a.
efficiency and practicality
b.
achievement and success
c.
group superiority
d.
freedom
26.
Which of the following examination formats is most likely to
incorporate closed-ended questions?
a.
an essay exam
b.
a multiple-choice exam
c.
an oral exam
d.
a fill-in-the-blank exam
27.
An approach to social interaction in which social life is
analyzed in terms of the stage is called ________.
a.
ethnomethodology
b.
functional analysis
c.
dramaturgy
d.

12. phenomenological analysis
28.
Most major companies sponsor "diversity training" lectures and
workshops for their employees. What is the ultimate purpose of
these efforts?
a.
to stimulate an understanding of cultural differences
b.
to professionally develop staff
c.
to increase company profits and competitiveness
d.
to emphasize the qualities that will lead to a worker's success
29.
Sociologically, what term best applies to a group of people who
share no common destination taking an elevator from the first
floor of a large high rise?
a.
a social frame
b.
a category
c.
an aggregate
d.
a clique
30.
Which of the following represents a correct sequence of steps in
the research process?
a.
Select a topic, collect the data, review the literature, share the

13. results.
b.
Review the literature, select a topic, collect the data, choose a
research method.
c.
Choose a research method, select a topic, collect the data,
formulate a hypothesis.
d.
Select a topic, review the literature, collect the data, share the
results.
31.
In recent years, cultures have become more similar to each other
as a result of travel and communication. Sociologists use the
term "________" to describe this process.
a.
cultural bridging
b.
cultural adaptation
c.
cultural dissolution
d.
cultural leveling
32.
Several years ago, the gay community applied for a permit to
march in the St. Patrick Day's Parade in Boston. When denied,
the gay community filed suit and won. Rather than permitting
the gay community to march in the parade, the parade trustees
cancelled the event. Sociologists would suggest this conflict in
values between the trustees of the parade and the gay
community would eventually lead to ________.
a.
consensus that gays are evil because they caused a traditional

14. event to be cancelled
b.
social change that brings attention to gay rights and eventual
acceptance
c.
social integration of the gay and straight communities resulting
in a bisexual society
d.
armed conflict, or "cultural war, " between the gay and straight
communities
33.
________ are the social ties that radiate outward from the self
and link people together.
a.
Cyber socializations
b.
Secondary societies
c.
Social networks
d.
Electronic communities
34.
Kody is a member of the L.A. Crips. The other gangs in his
territory are the Bloods and Satan's Slaves. Kody feels very
antagonistic towards the Bloods and the Slaves. For Kody, these
two rival gangs would be considered ________.
a.
reference groups
b.
social networks
c.
secondary groups

15. d.
out-groups
35.
To show ourselves as expert role players and to gain positive
recognition from others, we often have additional people work
with us to ensure that our role communicates to others the ideas
that we want them to form about us. This is referred to as
________.
a.
face-saving
b.
teamwork
c.
cooperation
d.
social manipulation
36.
Nancy and Don took their children to the zoo while on vacation.
It was a busy day. Those that were at the zoo that day were all
members of an...
a.
aggregate.
b.
category.
c.
secondary group.
d.
reference group.
37.
By a narrow margin, Dr. Moreau was elected chair of the largest
academic department at Faber College. She appointed faculty

16. members who support her views to the most influential and
important committees in the department. This group of loyal
colleagues, on which Dr. Moreau is relying to advance her
policies, is an example of a(n) ________.
a.
consortium
b.
inner circle
c.
primary group
d.
out-group
38.
According to Georg Simmel, which of the following groups is
the most unstable?
a.
triad
b.
secondary group
c.
dyad
d.
primary group
39.
Karl Marx suggested that the force that drives human history
and is at the core of human society is ________.
a.
class conflict
b.
religion
c.

17. family
d.
education
40.
Clarisse and Cindy are honor students who conduct themselves
in a mature manner at the Christian college they attend in
Philadelphia. This year for spring break, they decided to go to
Cancun, where they auditioned for the "Girls Gone Wild" video.
Which statement best describes the probable reason behind the
behavior of Clarisse and Cindy?
a.
Clarisse and Cindy unintentionally broke a taboo due to the
stress, authoritarianism, and strict regime involved in Christian
education.
b.
Clarisse and Cindy considered themselves on a moral holiday,
which permitted them to "let their hair down."
c.
Clarisse and Cindy were evil spirited at heart and their true
behavior surfaced in Cancun.
d.
Clarisse pushed Cindy, or Cindy pushed Clarisse, into violating
their Christian norms and deciding to "go wild."
41.
Basic needs that a society must meet in order to survive, which
include replacement of members, preserving order, and
socializing new members, are referred to as ________.
a.
functional requisites
b.
cultural goals
c.

18. societal mandates
d.
symbolic needs
42.
The concept of natural selection, which proposed that genes of a
species are not distributed evenly among the offspring, thus
enabling certain members of the species to survive while others
die out, was developed by ________.
a.
Charles Darwin
b.
Herbert Spencer
c.
William Ogburn
d.
Edmund Wilson
43.
The notion that only the fittest members of society deserve to
survive and that social programs to help the poor will ultimately
weaken the social order is a doctrine known as ________.
a.
social Darwinism
b.
positivism
c.
post-modernism
d.
social welfare
44.
Without language, human culture would ________.

19. a.
live in the past and have no concept of the future
b.
focus more on plans and actions instead of talk
c.
be little more advanced than lower primates
d.
have to become totally dependent upon memory
45.
In which group would there be the greatest number of
relationships?
a.
a traditional marriage
b.
a panel of three
c.
the starting five on a basketball team
d.
the starting nine on a baseball team
46.
Tory is 5 years of age. He loves to dress up like Batman and
pretend to save Gotham City from the Penguin. According to
Mead's theory, he is in the ________ stage.
a.
imitation
b.
game
c.
play
d.
generalized

20. 47.
Based on Durkheim's classification of society, the Old Order
Amish would fall into which category?
a.
mechanical solidarity
b.
organic solidarity
c.
Gemeinschaft
d.
Gesellschaft
48.
The organized, usual, or standard ways by which society meets
its basic needs are referred to as ________.
a.
social institutions
b.
social imperatives
c.
social aggregates
d.
social solidarity
49.
What is another term used to describe the research method
called participant observation?
a.
content analysis
b.
fieldwork
c.
survey research

21. d.
unobtrusive measures
50.
What are the three qualities on which research ethics is based?
a.
rapport; generalizability; validity
b.
honesty; truth; openness
c.
random sample; observation; fieldwork
d.
consistency; accuracy; clarity
51.
Three of the following terms are interchangeable. Which one
does NOT belong with the other three?
a.
sociobiology
b.
neo-Darwinism
c.
social learning
d.
evolutionary psychology
52.
The social institution that is most recognized for allocating
power, determining authority, and preventing chaos is
________.
a.
the military
b.

22. politics
c.
law
d.
education
53.
Sue is an expert in interpreting gestures, silence, the use of
space, and expressions people make in their daily interactions.
In view of this, how would Sue's expertise be defined?
a.
Sue is a social linguist.
b.
Sue is an expert in multiculturalism.
c.
Sue recognizes the importance of globalization.
d.
Sue is an expert in nonverbal interaction.
54.
What two sociological perspectives are most linked to
macrosociology?
a.
symbolic interactionism and functionalism
b.
functionalism and the conflict perspective
c.
the conflict perspective and symbolic interactionism
d.
symbolic interactionism and feminism
55.
The research in the early 1960s using rhesus monkeys to
demonstrate the importance of intimate physical contact in the

23. rearing of animals was conducted by ________.
a.
Sheldon and Eleanor Glueck
b.
William and Helen Thomas
c.
Harry and Margaret Harlow
d.
William and Virginia Masters
56.
Cindy is interested in how the movement of Maytag production
plants and other industries from the Midwest to Mexico has
changed the lives of thousands of unemployed workers and their
communities. Cindy is conducting a ________ analysis.
a.
macro-level
b.
pure
c.
micro-level
d.
symbolic
57.
Sociologists are now developing what they call _________,
which emphasizes the influence of genes on human behavior.
a.
technological sociology
b.
scientific sociology
c.
gene sociology

24. d.
genetics-informed sociology
58.
George Herbert Mead theorized that learning to take the role of
the other entails three stages – the ________ stage,
________stage, and ________ stage.
a.
primary; secondary; tertiary
b.
id; ego; superego
c.
sensorimotor; preoperational; operational
d.
imitation; play; team games
59.
Expectations that guide our behavior are called ________.
a.
values
b.
norms
c.
statuses
d.
roles
60.
Which phrase became synonymous with the research Stanley
Milgram conducted on "the small world phenomenon"?
a.
the world is a stage
b.

25. six degrees of separation
c.
society as the sum of its parts
d.
situations defined as real are real in their consequences
61.
Expectations that define appropriate or inappropriate behavior
for the occupant of a status are called ________.
a.
folkways
b.
roles
c.
mores
d.
simple norms
62.
In developing his theory on moral development, when did
Kohlberg claim most people reach the postconventional stage?
a.
Most people reach this stage shortly after birth.
b.
Most people reach this stage after passing through puberty.
c.
Most people reach this stage during the "midlife crisis."
d.
Most people do not reach this stage.
63.
The term "________" refers to the extent to which different
studies come up with similar results.

26. a.
validity
b.
replication
c.
reliability
d.
duplication
64.
Matthew is completing his master's thesis, which addresses the
culture of outlaw motorcycle gangs. For the past six months, he
has been riding with a gang, observing and describing behaviors
in an attempt to present a view of these groups from a gang
member's perspective. Like Mario Brajuha, he is determined to
keep the identities of his subjects confidential. Which research
method is Matthew employing?
a.
case study
b.
documentary
c.
participant observation
d.
unobtrusive measures
65.
Mechanical solidarity is to Gemeinschaft as ________ solidarity
is to Gesellschaft.
a.
organic
b.
tribal
c.

27. folk
d.
natural
66.
Which of the following would not be considered unobtrusive
measures?
a.
Malls tracking patrons through their Smartphones so stores can
send them targeted ads.
b.
Face-recognition cameras at kiosks that classify people by age
and sex and post targeted ads.
c.
Bionic mannequins that greet customers' and ask them targeted
questions about their purchasing habits.
d.
Cameras that follow you through the store recording your every
move.
67.
According to Piaget, the stage of development that is dominated
by touching, listening, looking, and the inability to recognize
cause and effect is the ________ stage.
a.
formal operational
b.
preoperational
c.
sensorimotor
d.
concrete operational
68.

28. Groups in which members take personal responsibility and work
at a steady pace, even without supervision, are most likely
headed by which classification of leader?
a.
laissez-faire leader
b.
authoritative leader
c.
dictatorial leader
d.
democratic leader
69.
According to Max Weber, the Protestant ethic was a central
factor in the birth of ________.
a.
capitalism
b.
democracy
c.
socialism
d.
bureaucracy
70.
Which research method involves collecting data by having
people answer a series of questions?
a.
unobtrusive measures
b.
secondary analysis
c.
experimentation

29. d.
survey
71.
If a secondary group does not satisfy one's need for intimate
association, which of the following is most likely to occur?
a.
The individual will cease to exist.
b.
The secondary group will break down into primary groups.
c.
The secondary group will develop into an out-group.
d.
The secondary group will develop into a reference group.
72.
Which statement regarding status is most accurate?
a.
All master statuses are achieved.
b.
Ascribed statuses are voluntary and achieved statuses are
involuntary.
c.
Status provides the guidelines for how we are to act and feel.
d.
Status symbols are always positive, serving as positive
reinforcements for following norms.
73.
In Freud's theory, what part of the personality represents the
pleasure-seeking aspect, demanding immediate fulfillment of
basic needs such as attention, food, safety, and sex?
a.

30. the id
b.
the ego
c.
the superego
d.
the libido
74.
According to Mead's theory of development, individuals who
have a profound influence on the lives of another person, such
as parents or siblings, are referred to as ________.
a.
significant others
b.
the person's reference group
c.
the person's in-group
d.
generalized others
75.
Courtney raises champion sheep, Joe is a cab driver in New
York, and Rufus is a member of the RAW family of professional
wrestling. What do Courtney, Joe, and Rufus have in common?
a.
They are all members of countercultures.
b.
They are all engaged in ethnocentrism.
c.
They are all practicing cultural relativism.
d.
They are all members of subcultures.

31. 76.
The titles Karl Marx used to describe the two classes in society
were the ________ and the ________.
a.
nobles; peasants
b.
bourgeoisie; proletariat
c.
upper class; lower class
d.
civilized; barbarians
77.
Officer Friel has just pulled over a motorist exceeding the speed
limit by 40 miles per hour. When he approached the vehicle, he
recognizes the driver as his best friend's daughter. Officer Friel
is aware that the young lady has had some money problems and
the last thing she can afford is a $200 speeding ticket that will
also raise her insurance rates. At this point, which of the
following terms best describes the position facing Officer Friel?
a.
Officer Friel is experiencing role strain.
b.
Officer Friel is experiencing role conflict.
c.
Officer Friel is now engaged in role reversal.
d.
Officer Friel is faced with status inconsistency.
78.
Although formal education is intended to transmit knowledge
and skills, it unintentionally teaches students that the same rules
apply to everyone. This universality reflects what sociologists
describe as ________.

32. a.
a signaling system
b.
a pattern variable
c.
a latent function
d.
a manifest function
79.
People all over the world, including college students, are
breaking down national boundaries because of advances in
communication, trade, and travel. This is referred to as
________.
a.
multiculturalism
b.
colonialism
c.
neo-colonialism
d.
globalization
80.
If a researcher is reading diaries to collect information about
the attitudes of rape victims, he or she is using ________ to
collect the data.
a.
ethnography
b.
dramaturgical analysis
c.
documents

33. d.
unstructured interviews
81.
The domination of organizations by a small, self-perpetuating
elite is called ________.
a.
the Thomas theorem
b.
the Protestant ethic
c.
the iron law of oligarchy
d.
the spirit of capitalism
82.
In what three states do 75 percent of the Old Order Amish live?
a.
Pennsylvania, Ohio, Indiana
b.
Kentucky, Tennessee, West Virginia
c.
Illinois, Michigan, Wisconsin
d.
Virginia, North Carolina, Georgia
83.
The concept of the "iron law" of oligarchy was developed by
sociologist ________.
a.
Michael Burawoy
b.
Irving Janis

34. c.
Robert Michels
d.
Ryan Graham
84.
A common thread that runs through all voluntary associations is
________.
a.
the size of the group
b.
the purpose of the association
c.
mutual interest among members
d.
an effort to maintain social order
85.
In Kohlberg's theory of moral development, the stage in which
the child has no sense of right or wrong and only personal needs
to be satisfied is the ________ stage.
a.
amoral
b.
preconventional
c.
conventional
d.
postconventional
86.
What did Solomon Asch's experiment on group conformity
demonstrate?

35. a.
Because of group pressure, most people are willing to say things
they know are not true.
b.
Americans are highly individualistic and reluctant to conform to
group pressure.
c.
Women are more susceptible to group pressure than men.
d.
Younger people are more susceptible to group pressure than
older adults.
87.
Bumper stickers such as "Proud Parent of an Honor Student"
and "Warning: This Driver Convicted of DUI" are best
described as being ________.
a.
status symbols
b.
master statuses
c.
negative sanctions
d.
positive sanctions
88.
When Harry returned from a business meeting in Ho Chi Minh
City, Vietnam, his wife asked him what he thought of the
Vietnamese people. Harry replied, "They're primitive people
who eat animals from the streets, drive wildly around town on
motor scooters, and talk very fast." Harry's reply best qualifies
as an example of ________.
a.
ethnocentrism

36. b.
cultural diffusion
c.
the self-fulfilling prophecy
d.
the relativist fallacy
89.
All of the following represent one of the five functional
requisites that every society must fulfill to survive EXCEPT for
which one?
a.
replacing members
b.
socializing new members
c.
maintaining traditional gender relations
d.
providing a sense of purpose
90.
In ethnomethodology, the ideas we take for granted that
underlie our behavior and that we violate at our risk are called
________.
a.
background assumptions
b.
social facts
c.
social traits
d.
symbols
91.

37. Morris is 3 years old and is just beginning to talk. He can count
to 10 but is not altogether sure what numbers actually mean.
According to Piaget, Morris is in the ________ stage.
a.
sensorimotor
b.
concrete operational
c.
preoperational
d.
formal operational
92.
Which two research methods did Laud Humphreys utilize in his
classic "tearoom" study?
a.
participant observation and surveys
b.
experiments and documents
c.
secondary analysis and surveys
d.
unobtrusive measures and secondary analysis
93.
How groups influence individuals and how individuals affect
groups is referred to as ________.
a.
the Hawthorne Effect
b.
social solidarity
c.
group dynamics

38. d.
small group phenomenon
94.
In Professor Jones' social problems course, the students interact
freely with one another, think of themselves as "Dr. J's class,"
and feel they are significant because of their mutual interest in
social reform. Which concept best describes Dr. Jones' class?
a.
aggregate
b.
category
c.
social frame
d.
group
95.
What is the proposed source of the six specific emotions that
Paul Ekman identified as being present in all cultures?
a.
They are based on the social environment.
b.
They are a product of our genes.
c.
They are based on common cultural values held worldwide.
d.
They are based on intellectual capability.
96.
People and groups that influence our orientation to life – our
self-concept, emotions, attitudes, and behaviors – are called
________.

39. a.
total institutions
b.
generalized others
c.
agents of socialization
d.
out-groups
97.
Believing that all football players are academically challenged,
that all African Americans are great athletes, and that all
women can cook well are examples of ________.
a.
culture shock
b.
the relativist fallacy
c.
stereotyping
d.
cultural relativism
98.
Frankie and Johnnie are both above-average students, but they
feel that they learn much more about life, success, and
relationships with others from other students outside of the
classroom. In this sense, Frankie and Johnnie are relying on the
________ for their education.
a.
hidden curriculum
b.
corridor curriculum
c.
manifest function

40. d.
latent function
99.
The presentation of self in everyday life, also called
dramaturgy, was developed by ________.
a.
Talcott Parsons
b.
Edwin Sutherland
c.
Erving Goffman
d.
Travis Hirschi
100.
Because of his incredibly accelerated study program, Professor
Zuchov has the unique privilege of being a 17-year-old
university professor. Sociologically, this is an example of
________.
a.
role strain
b.
social imperative
c.
impression management
d.
status inconsistency
Test Name:
EX 1 SP II 2015 SO 141 DNH
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NAME____________________________________
BANNER ID ____________________________
Quantitative Literacy Assignment
Aggregate Supply & Aggregate Demand ECO 2013
Consider the table below for the aggregate supply (AS), and
aggregate demand (AD), for goods and services in the United
States.

47. Price Level – P
(Y Axis)
Real GDP Demanded in billions (AD)
Real GDP Supplied
in billions (AS)
50
16,300
15,100
60
16,200
15,200
70
16,100
15,300
80
16,000
15,400
90
15,900
15,500
100
15,800
15,600
110
15,700
15,700
120
15,600
15,800
130
15,500
15,900

48. 140
15,400
16,000
150
15,300
16,100
160
15,200
16,200
170
15,100
16,300
1. On the grid below, create a graph depicting the U.S.
economy using the table above, and plot the AD and the AS.
(Use EXCEL to plot the graph on a separate sheet if possible,
but not required. Use titles on the graph, axes, and curves; Use
X axis for Real GDP and Y axis for price level.).

52. 2. a. Calculate the slope of the AD curve using data in the
table/graph.
b. Calculate the slope of the AS curve using data in the
table/graph.
c. Using 3-4 well-written sentences and numerical examples in

53. the table for the each of the following two questions.
(i) Explain why the AD curve has the slope you calculated
as a result of the “wealth effect”.
(ii) Explain why the AS curve has the slope you calculated
as a result of the “sticky price theory”.
3. Using the graph created from the data in the table, determine
the short-run equilibrium price level and level of output.
Explain using 2-3 well written sentences how this equilibrium
point is determined and include the numerical values.
4. From your graph, explain using 2-3 sentences how an
increase in real GDP could occur in the economy and give a
specific written real world scenario or example. Include the
resulting effect on the price level (P) and give the correct
terminology that corresponds to this type of price level change.

54. 5. On your existing graph, draw what would happen if: 1) crude
oil prices fell slightly, and 2) stock and housing prices declined
sharply. Explain the result using 2-3 sentences and include
numerical examples from your new graphical outcome.
Compare the new position of the aggregate supply and demand
curves, and the new short-run equilibrium compared to the old
one.