21. #21
Pre-Fusion-Stabilized Spike Protein (S-2P)
2 proline
substituti
ons
“GSAS”
substitution
(abolish furin
cleavage site)
Foldon
(trimerization motif)
Wrapp et al., Science 367, 1260–1263
(2020)
22. #22
Antigen Designs of SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines
Vaccine
Type
Developer Candidate Doses Antigen Design
Re
f.
RNA
Vaccines
Moderna/NIAI
D
mRNA-
1273
2 shots
stabilized pre-fusion SARS-CoV-
2 spike protein (S-2P)
1
Pfizer/BioNTe
ch
BNT162b2 2 shots
SARS-CoV-2 full-length spike,
modified by two proline
mutations to lock it in the pre-
fusion conformation
2
Non-
replicating
Vector
Vaccines
University of
Oxford
/AstraZeneca
ChAdOx1
nCoV-19
2 shots
full-length spike protein of
SARS-CoV-2,
3
Janssen
Pharmaceutic
al Companies
Ad26.COV2
.S
1 shot
stabilized pre-fusion full-length
S in which furin cleavage site
mutations and proline
substitutions have been
introduced (S.PP)
4,
5
1. Jackson LA, Anderson EJ, Rouphael NG, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020;383(20):1920-1931. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2022483
2. Folegatti PM, Ewer KJ, Aley PK, et al. Lancet. 2020;396(10249):467-478. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31604-4
3. Walsh EE, Frenck RW Jr, Falsey AR, et al. N Engl J Med. 2020;NEJMoa2027906. doi:10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
4. Bos R, Rutten L, van der Lubbe JEM, et al. NPJ Vaccines. 2020;5:91. Published 2020 Sep 28. doi:10.1038/s41541-020-00243-x
5. Sadoff J, Le Gars M, Shukarev G, et al. medRxiv 2020. Available: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.09.23.20199604
23. #23
Combination Adjuvant: Alum plus CpG 1018
➢ Aluminum hydroxide gel
• has been used as an adjuvant in many licensed vaccines to
enhance immune effect
➢ CpG 1018 Adjuvant
• is a synthetic unmethylated single strand cytosine-phosphor-guanine
oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN) with the sequence: 5’ TGA CTG TGA
ACG TTC GAG ATG A 3’
• is a toll-like receptor 9 (TLR9) agonist, and is thought to promote Th1 T-
cell differentiation
• is approved for market in US FDA (2017) and EMA (2021)
24. #24
Proof of Concept Study: Antibody Titers in
Mice
Kuo, TY., Lin, MY., Coffman, R.L. et al. Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-
CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19. Sci Rep 10, 20085 (2020).
SARS-CoV-2 S Pseudovirus NTSARS-CoV-2 Wild-typed NTAnti-SARS-CoV-2 S IgG
25. #25
Proof of Concept Study: T Cell Mediated
Responses in Mice
Kuo, TY., Lin, MY., Coffman, R.L. et al. Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion SARS-
CoV-2 spike antigen as a subunit vaccine against COVID-19. Sci Rep 10, 20085 (2020).
26. #26
Phase I Study Preliminary Results:
Neutralizing Antibody
Hsieh SM, Liu WD, Huang YS, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine
(MVC-COV1901) Adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and Aluminum Hydroxide in healthy adults: A Phase 1, dose-escalation study.
27. #27
Hsieh SM, Liu WD, Huang YS, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine
(MVC-COV1901) Adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and Aluminum Hydroxide in healthy adults: A Phase 1, dose-escalation study.
Phase I Study Preliminary Results: Cellular
Immunity
28. #28
1. Khoury, D.S., Cromer, D., Reynaldi, A. et al. Neutralizing antibody levels are highly predictive of immune protection from symptomatic SARS-
CoV-2 infection. Nat Med (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-021-01377-8
2. Hsieh SM, Liu WD, Huang YS, et al. Safety and immunogenicity of a Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine
(MVC-COV1901) Adjuvanted with CpG 1018 and Aluminum Hydroxide in healthy adults: A Phase 1, dose-escalation study.
EClinicalMedicine. 2021 Jun 26:100989. doi: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.100989.
1. 中和抗體濃度對保護有症狀的SARS-CoV-2感染具
有高度相關性; 中和抗體濃度越高,保護力越高
2. 兩針後 7~14天抗體效價與康復者血清倍數(療效)相
比:
#Novavax(次單位蛋白): 4.0倍 (95.6%)
# 輝 瑞 BNT, Moderna (mRNA):2.4 倍 ~4.1 倍
(95%)
#AZ, 嬌生(腺病毒載體): 0.5倍 (70.4%~72% )(嬌
生僅一針)
3. 高端兩針後14天中和抗體效價約是康復者血清的1.7
倍2
Relationship Between Neutralization and
Protection
29. #29
Phase II Study Preliminary Results: Demographics
MVC-COV1901
(N=3295)
Placebo (N=549)
Age, Mean (SD) 45 (16·
27) 44·
3 (16·
30)
Male, n (%) 1854 (56·
3) 318 (57·
9)
Female, n (%) 1441 (43·
7) 231 (42·
1)
BMI (kg/m2), Mean (SD) 24·
92 (4·
07) 24·
67 (4·
06)
BMI < 30 kg/m2, n (%) 2936 (89·
1) 499 (90·
9)
BMI ≥ 30 kg/m2, n (%) 359 (10·
9) 50 (9·
1)
HBsAg, n (%) 197 (6·
0) 32 (5·
8)
Hepatitis C antibody, n (%) 43 (1·
3) 11 (2·
0)
HIV antibody, n (%) 58 (1·
8) 10 (1·
8)
Pre-vaccination neutralizing antibody
positive, n (%)
10 (1·
1) 1 (0·
6)
Any following comorbidity, n (%) 550 (16·
7) 84 (15·
3)
Cardiovascular disease, n (%) 90 (2·
7) 9 (1·
6)
Cerebrovascular disease, n (%) 15 (0·
5) 2 (0·
4)
COPD, n (%) 14 (0·
4) 1 (0·
2)
Liver cirrhosis, n (%) 1 (<0·
1) 0
Malignancy, n (%) 35 (1·
1) 7 (1·
3)
HbA1c higher than normal range, n (%) 448 (13·
6) 69 (12·
6)
31. #31
Phase II Study Preliminary Results: Wild type
NT
Hsieh SM, Liu MC, Chen YH, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of CpG 1018 and Aluminium Hydroxide-Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 S-2P
Protein Vaccine MVC-COV1901: A Large-Scale Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. medRxiv
32. #32
Phase II Study Preliminary Results: anti-S IgG
Hsieh SM, Liu MC, Chen YH, et al. Safety and Immunogenicity of CpG 1018 and Aluminium Hydroxide-Adjuvanted SARS-CoV-2 S-2P
Protein Vaccine MVC-COV1901: A Large-Scale Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Phase 2 Trial. medRxiv
33. #33
Conversion of GMT to WHO’s IU/mL or
BAU/mL
Day 57
(28 days
after 2nd
dose)
Neutralising Antibody GMT anti-Spike IgG GMT
Reported Value
by Lab Assay
Converted to
IU/ml
Reported Value
by Lab Assay
Converted to
BAU/ml
Phase II
All
Participant
(N = 903)
662.3 408 5745.4 524
20-64
years
(N = 682)
732.9 454 6521.0 595
≥ 65 years
(N = 221)
484.5 296 3887.1 355
Phase I
20-49
years
(N = 15)
52·
2 351·
2 4719.9 431
IU = International Unit; BAU = Binding Antibody
Unit
37. #37
Overview of CT-COV-22: A Phase II Study In
Adolescents
A Phase II, Prospective, Double-blinded, Multi-Center Study to Evaluate the
Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity of the SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine Candidate
MVC-COV1901 in Adolescents
Participant
s
A total of approximately 385 participants (12-17Y)
Treatment
Arms
Two arms randomized in a ratio of 6:1 (MVC-COV1901: Placebo)
• MVC-COV1901: 15 mcg S-2P protein adjuvanted with CpG1018
+ Al3+
• Placebo: Saline
Primary
Objectives
Safety
To evaluate the safety and tolerability of MVC-COV1901 from Visit
2 (Day 1) to Visit 6 (28 days after the second dose of study
intervention)
Immunogenicity
To evaluate the immunogenicity of MVC-COV1901, as compared to
placebo, in terms of neutralizing antibody titers
Interim
Analysis
8 weeks after all participants have completed second dose of study
intervention
台大, 馬偕, 長庚 兒童醫院
38. #38
A Phase III, Parallel Group, Prospective, Randomized, Double-
blind, Active-controlled, Two-arm, Multi-center Study to
Evaluate the Immunogenicity, Safety, and Tolerability of MVC-
COV1901 Compared to AZD1222 in Adults of 18 Years and
Above(巴拉圭)
*ClinicalTrials.gov identifier (NCT number): NCT05011526. https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/study/NCT05011526?term=MVC-
COV1901&draw=2&rank=5 (accessed on 19Aug2021)
39. #39
論文發表 (Link)
期刊
/刊登日期
研究內容與重要結果摘要
Safety and immunogenicity of a
Recombinant Stabilized Prefusion
SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Vaccine
(MVC-COV1901) Adjuvanted with CpG
1018 and Aluminum Hydroxide in
healthy adults: A Phase 1, dose-
escalation study
(https://www.thelancet.com/journals/eclinm/article/
PIIS2589-5370(21)00269-8/fulltext)
Eclinical
Medicine
2021/Jun/
25
一期臨床試驗的期中分析結果顯示:
1. 施打疫苗所誘發的副作用多為輕微,
沒有受試者在施打試驗疫苗後發燒
2. 施打疫苗可誘發針對SARS-CoV-2
之中和抗體
3. 施打疫苗能誘發細胞產生IFN-γ,說
明Th1偏向之免應反應
CpG-adjuvanted stable prefusion
SARS-CoV-2 spike protein protected
hamsters from SARS-CoV-2 challenge
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-021-
88283-8)
Scientific
Reports
2021/Apr
/22
使用倉鼠攻毒作為保護力驗證的結果顯
示,施打疫苗後與未施打疫苗的倉鼠,
在感染病毒後:
1. 並未有任何與感染有關的體重下降
2. 顯著減少肺部病變
3. 肺臟組織中沒有偵測到活病毒
Development of CpG-adjuvanted stable
prefusion SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen as
a subunit vaccine against COVID-19
(https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-
77077-z)
Scientific
Reports
2020/Nov
/18
S-2P蛋白搭配CpG 1018與氫氧化鋁佐
劑,在動物試驗中發現:
1. 能夠誘發高濃度的中和抗體
2. 對D614G變異株也具有中和能力
3. 產生Th1偏向之免應反應
4. 毒理試驗中沒有與疫苗相關的嚴重