This document provides details of two development proposals for an empty plot of land in Sungai Ara, Penang, Malaysia. The first proposal is for a commercial and recreational area consisting of a low-cost food court. The second proposal is for a community area with a food court on the ground floor and facilities like a gym and event hall on the first floor. Both proposals discuss the rationale, benefits, impacts, sketches, and professions involved in the projects.

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SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE, BUILDING AND DESIGN
FOUNDATION IN NATURAL BUILD ENVIRONMENT
PREPAREDBY: TEH WEI HONG (0323743)
: TEOH ZHE KHAI (0322905)
LECTURER:PN.HASMANIRA
INTRODUCTION TO THE CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY
(QSB 30105)
FINAL PROJECT: DEVELOPMENT PROPOSAL

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CONTENT
1. IntroductionTo The Site
2. Key Plan & Location Plan
3. Site Plan & Site Context
4. Site Analysis& Observation
5. First Proposal
5.1. Benefits & Impacts
5.2. Sketch plan of proposal
5.3. Sketches/Example of design concept/idea
5.4. Profession Involved& Their Tasks
5.5. Authorities Procedure
6. Second Proposal
6.1. Rationale,Benefits and Impact
6.2. Proposal
6.3. Professions involvedand their Tasks
6.4. Authority Procedure
6.5. Costs

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INTRODUCTION TO THE SITE
Bayan Lepas is an industrial and residential district in Penang, Malaysia.
Our site is located in Sungai Ara, a large residential area in Bayan Lepas.
Sungai Ara is a large hillside area that consists mainly of terrace houses
but also has a number of apartment buildings and semi-detached houses.
Itis located near the northern part of Bayan Lepas.

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The site we used is part of an empty land located next to the main road
and surrounded by residential buildings. A large area of terrace houses
are located oppositethe site while somecondos and apartment buildings
are beside the site. Commercial buildings are located to the Northwest
and South of the site. Our site is 50mx70m(3500m²) in size.
KEY PLAN

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LOCATION PLAN
SITE PLAN

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SITE CONTEXT
SHOPLOTS

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APARTMENTS
TERRACE HOUSES
SITE ANALYSIS AND OBSERVATION

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The site is an empty piece of land that has been left untouched for years.
Most of it is flat and dry land, but there is also a large area of overgrown
vegetation. The size of our site is 50mx70m(3500m²), but the actual size
of the empty land is bigger. As a result, our site is surrounded by the
remaining empty land.
The site is located right next to the main road. The road is the main way
to enter or leave the area and is used by residents every day to travel
anywhereoutside. Thesite is also surrounded by a few smaller roads. The
site receives a fair amount of sunlight most of the time but may receive
some shade at certain times of the day due to the apartment buildings
beside it. It also has an averagetemperature of 27°C.

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Sungai Ara is a huge place, often considered a town on its own. Ithas an
estimated area of 135 km² and a population of about 156,000 people. It
also has a density of 1,447 people per km². Our site is located near the
Northeastpartof SungaiAra. Thesiteis notlocated atthe centreof Sungai
Ara as that area has mostly already been developed and it is hard to find
empty land there. Traffic on the main road next to the site is also better
compared to the area near the centre of SungaiAra.
View of Sungai Ara

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FIRST
PROPOSAL
(COMMERSIAL +RECREATIONAL AREA)
By: TEH WEI HONG

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The rationale, benefits and impacts
of your project to the client and the
surrounding community/end user
From the site context, we can see that the empty land is surrounded by
residential area. As we all know Penang has a varity of delicious food but
in this area of Sungai Ara there is lack of shops and restaurants,
furthermore the residents have to travel a long way to another area for
searching foods. In fact, the residents this area is not that rich and the
apartments are low cost. According to this situation, the land cannot be
develop into too high class but still need to comply the residents’
requirements. Finally I had came up a proposal to build a low cost food
court that everyone around is affordable the cost and now the problem
solved.

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Benefits
The land is left empty for years and years, and developing it bring what
benefits to residents nearby?
Firstof all, the pictureaboveis actually is a streets viewfromGooglemaps,
we can clearly see that the land is covered by dirt and weeds, there is no
maintenance in progress and there might be mouse, snake, mosquitoes
and others pests appear.
The firstbenefit of developing this land is reduce pests and make a clean
and neat surrounding for the residential. This is because when the
workers will clean everything on the land before developing. Building a
food court also bring benefits to the residential. First they can save their
petrol or energy to travel to another area for foods. Besides there is
variety offoodsin foodcourts.This is sucha convenienceforthe residents.
My food court designed and divided into two part that’s outdoors and
indoors. Obviously we knows that outdoors foods are cheaper than the
indoors, so the cost is affordable for everyone. Lastly the food court is
connected to main road and it is easy for others to travel there.
Impacts
Actually as a developer, we have to minimize the impacts cause to the
surrounding for example the land and residents. The only impact will
causethat’s the annoying sound made when developing and building the
food court and it is temporary, so it is fine.

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Sketches of Food Court Proposal
Bubble diagram
Conceptual ideas

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Floor Plan
Zoning

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Label

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Elevation A-A (Side View)
Elevation B-B (Front View)

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Perspective View

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Examples of Design Concept

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Profession Involved
1. Planner
2. Surveyor (Land Surveyor & Quantity Surveyor)
3. Engineer Consultant (Civil Engineer)
4. Architect
5. LandscapeArchitect
6. Mechanical & Electrical Engineer
Tasks
1. Land plannersworktogetherwith governmentofficials,developers,
and other interested parties to create large-scale decisions
regarding land use. Because these decisions are impacted by
already existing procedures, and becausethe judgements will have
impact on levels both economic and environmental, land planners
act as specialists and investigators, determining the true long-term
impacts of judgements.
2. Land surveyors measureand collect data on specific areas of land.
Oncethedata is interpreted, itis used fora multiplicity of purposes.
measuring the ground as needed by the client, including aspects
such as small and large-scale distances, angles and elevations
gathering data on the earth's physical and man-made features
through surveys
3. Quantity surveyor manages all costs relating to building and civil
engineering projects,fromthe initial calculations to the finalfigures.
Surveyorsseektominimisethe costsofa projectand enhancevalue
for money, while still completing the compulsory standards and
quality. Many of these are specified by statutory building
regulations, which the surveyor needs to know and adhere to. A
quantity surveyor may work for either the client or the contractor,
working in an office or on site. They are involved in a project from
the start, preparing approximations and costs of the work.
4. Civil engineers are involved with the design, development and
construction of a big range of projects in the built and natural
environment. Their role is central to ensuring the safe, timely and
well-resourced completion of projects in many areas, including:
highway construction, waste management, astral development,

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geotechnical engineering. Consulting civil engineers liaise with
clients to plan, manage, design and supervise the construction of
projects. They work in a number of different settings and, with
experience, can runprojectsas a projectmanager. Civilengineering
offers many chances as well as the fulfilment of helping to improve
and improvepublic quality of life in many settings.
5. Architectsareinvolvedfromthe earlieststages ofa building project,
which can start with developing ideas with the client, establishing
budgets, assessing the needs of the building and its users, and its
impact within the local environment. They assistwith site selection
and work closely with contractors on site, certifying that works are
carried out to specific standards and that, above all, the building is
sustainable, functional and aesthetically pleasing. They also need
to have an awareness of commercial and financial considerations.
Architects work in the construction industry and are involved with
designing new buildings, extensions or alterations to existing
buildings, or advising on the restoration and conservation of old
properties. They can work on themselves buildings or on large
improvementschemes,andcan beresponsiblefor thedesign of the
surrounding landscape and spaces. Architects work closely with
their clients and users to make sure that projected designs match
their needs and are functional, safe and economical. They usually
control a project from begin to finish and work with an amount of
construction professionals, including surveyors and engineers,
producing drawings and specifications that the construction team
works to. The role of an architect is very varied and can rangefrom
freelance and small-scale project work to employment with
multinational organisations working on iconic landmarks.
6. Landscape architects make the landscape around us. They plan,
design and manage open spaces including both natural and built
environments. They work to provide innovative and aesthetically
pleasing environments for people to enjoy, while confirming that
changes to the natural environmentare appropriate, sensitiveand
sustainable.Theworkcoversdiverseprojects -both urbanand rural
- that range from designing the layout of parks, gardens and
housing estates to city-centre design, sporting sites and improving
land affected by mining or motorway construction. A landscape
architect collaborates closely with landscapecontractors,aswell as
other professionals, especially architects, town planners,

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environmentalists and people working in surveying and
engineering functions.
7. Mechanical engineers provide efficient solutions to the
development of processes and products, ranging from small
componentdesignsto extremely largeplant, machineryor vehicles.
They can work on all stages of a product, from research and
development to design and manufacture, through to installation
and final commissioning. Most industries rely on a form of
mechanical systems and mechanical engineering is thought to be
one of the most diverse of all engineering disciplines. Mechanical
engineers provide efficient solutions to the development of
processes and products, ranging fromsmall component designs to
extremely large plant, machinery or vehicles. They can work on all
stages of a product, fromresearch and development to design and
manufacture,throughto installation and finalcommissioning.Most
industries rely on a form of mechanical systems and mechanical
engineering is thought to be one of the most diverse of all
engineering disciplines.

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AUTHORITY PROCEDURES
1. Authority Requirement
1.1.Application for LanduseConversation
1.2.Application for Land Subdivision
1.3.Building Plan Submission/Approval

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1.4.Requirement During Construction
1.5.Completion of Works and Handing Over
1.6.Works Related to Utility/ Services
1.7.Operations and Maintenance (O&M)
1.8.Requirements of Department of Environment
2. Documentation
2.1.Drawings
2.2.Design Reports
2.3.Construction Records
2.4.Operation & Maintenance Manual
2.5.Maintenance, Repair and Upgrading Records
2.6.PerformanceRecord
3. Submittal Requirements
3.1.Sub mission for Land Subdivision
3.2.Submission for Building Plan Approval

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SECOND
PROPOSAL
(COMMUNITY AREA)
By: TEOH ZHE KHAI

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JUSTIFICATION
The area of Sungai Ara is a large residential area with a lot of residents
but not that many restaurants or coffee shops to accommodate the
residents of the area. The few coffee shops or restaurants that are in the
area are not enough to comply with the residents’ needs. Most residents
need to go out of the area if they are looking for something to eat
outside. The area is also lacking a community area wherethe public can
gather and relax and do their activities together. The services and
facilities in the area are also insufficient to providefor such a large
community. In order to solvethese problems, I had come up with a
proposalto build a building that houses a community area and a food
court. The building will be built beside the main road into the area so
that it is easy for people to travel there.
BENEFITS
The site in its currentcondition is surely an eyesorefor anyonewho
passes by as it is left unattended for many years. Itis filled with dirt and
overgrown grass and vegetation. Developing the site into something
usefulwill not only makethe area look better, it will also decreasethe
risk of mosquitoes or snakes breeding in the area. Of course, it will also
prevent the space frombeing wasted. Building a food court will make
life easier for residents in the area as they no longer have to travel out of
the area for food. The residents will also have a larger variety of food to
choosefromrather than going to the samestores over and over again.
The community area will also provideservices and facilities for the
residents. This will make their daily lives more interesting living in the
area. The gymprovided in the community area can also help the
residents keep to a healthier lifestyle. There is also an event hall for
residents to rent for functions or activities.

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IMPACTS
Even though the site brings many benefits to the area, it has a few
negative impacts as well. Since the site is located next to the main road,
developing the site may cause the traffic at the main road to be more
congested. There might also be issues concerning illegal parking that
might be nuisanceto other residents using the roads.
Development and construction of the building might cause the daily lives
of the residents to be interrupted. Transportation of materials and
equipment to and fromthe site may also worsen the traffic conditions in
the area. Moreover, work on the site might also be a potential danger to
anyonewho is nearby. Even when all safety procedures are followed and
obeyed, unpredictable accidents are still a possibility.
Lastly, sound pollution is also an impact of developing the site. During
construction works, theworkers arebound to make a lot of noise while
drilling, piling, welding etc. This can be a nuisance to the other people in
the area, especially since it is a residential area.

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PROPOSAL
My proposalis to develop the area into a food courtand community
area. The building will be two storeys tall. The ground floor will consist
of a parking lot, the food court, washroomand an outdoor dining area.
The first floor will housea gym, an event hall, an officeand lastly a
public library.
Ground Floor Bubble Diagram
1ST
Floor Bubble Diagram

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SKETCH PLAN OF PROPOSAL
GROUND FLOORPLAN
1ST
FLOORPLAN

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ELEVATION
Front Elevation
Side Elevation

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FLOW CHART
GROUND FLOOR
1ST
FLOOR

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Examples of Design
Ideas and Concepts
Example of outdoor dining area/ Food court
Example of food court(Interior)

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Food stalls
Concept of public library
Example of Library sitting area

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PROFESSIONS INVOLVED AND THEIR TASKS
Architect
Architects work closely with their clients. Before drafting plans, they
meet with their clients severaltimes to learn their clients’ objectives,
budget and any specific requirements for their project. Architects also
work with other related professionals, such as engineers, urban
planners, landscapearchitects, construction representatives and interior
designers. Designing, planning and developing are integral tasks in an
architect’s daily routine. Architects may be required to provide
predesign figures such as an environmentalimpact or feasibility study,
cost analysis and land-usestudy. Final construction plans are created by
architects and used by builders as a step-by-step guide on how the look
and details of the building will play out, including plumbing,
communication and heating, electrical, ventilation and structural
systems.Architects mustfollow building codes, fire regulations, zoning
laws and city ordinances when creating their plans. For public buildings,
architects mustbe awareof disabled access laws. Since these laws
change regularly, architects need to stay up-to-date on policy, zoning
and regulation changes. Architects must be in on the latest energy-
efficient products, building styles and mustresearch the area they are
building to ensure their design matches current building structures.
Civil Engineer
The first duty of a civil engineer is to inspect and analysethe proposed
construction project. They will not only inspect the plan itself but will go
to the site location many times to ensurethat the plan fits the location
and vice versa. When they have adequately analysed the situation, they
will write detailed reports stating what is acceptable and what needs to
be changed prior to beginning the project. Once these proposed changes
have been made, the civil engineer will review the plans and projectsite
once again to ensure that all changes have been made as required. They
will ensure that procedureis being followed and check on safety
features of the projectduring the time it is being completed. A civil
engineer must usemany different equations, applications and figures to
ensurethe proper procedureapplication. A specific duty of a civil

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engineer is to know the pertinent land use laws and regulations and to
follow them consistently. Onewho is a civil engineer is also the key
contact person regarding the construction project in many cases. They
will answer questions directed towards them by individuals involved
with the construction projectand the general public as well. While
answering questions, they will also be responsiblefor backing up their
statements with reports, graphs, charts and surveys.
Quantity Surveyor
Before the project, the quantity surveyors calculatea budget based on
their client's requirements. They preparedetailed estimates to ensure
the budget is sufficient for each stage of construction. Their main task is
to find out what a construction projectwill cost, including materials,
labour, and services. Quantity surveyorscan help with feasibility studies
for a project. The quantity surveyor studies thearchitects’ and
engineers’ plans, identifies the costs involved, and then sets an overall
estimated budget for the project. The quantity surveyor can then plan
costs to help the design team stay within the projectbudget using
practical solutions. The final detailed estimate is prepared by the
quantity surveyor, together with a project architect. This is the basis for
evaluating tenders.Once the building starts, the quantity surveyor can
providecash flow data so the client can arrangethe finances needed for
each stage of the project. The quantity surveyor can also assess cost
effects when changes to the projectoccur, such as delays, and agree on
‘variation’ with contractors. Resolving disputes between clients,
designers and building contractors is another role in someprojects.
When construction is over, the quantity surveyor adds up the total cost.
The quantity surveyor can preparea statement of final account, which
records the actual costs for all sections of the job.
Building Contractor
The first duty of the building contractor is to implement a plan in which
to carry out the construction project. This extends anywherefromhiring
workers to developing a step-by-step timeline that the projectwill follow

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fromstart to finish. The building contractor is also responsiblefor
obtaining materials for the project. Since construction projects cannot
be completed without the necessary building materials, it is up to the
contractor to acquire goods to build the structures. This involves various
forms of correspondencewith necessary material suppliers. Another
specific duty of the building contractor is to acquire all necessary
licenses and permits fromrelevant entities so that the building project
can begin. The building contractor must also do his/her research
regarding relevant regulations and laws akin to the construction process.
The building contractor mustestablish a budget for the construction
projectand follow that budget as closely as possible. This will allow the
building contractor to obtain supplies, hire workers and finish the
construction in a cost-efficient manner. Throughoutthe construction
process, thebuilding contractor is also responsiblefor reviewing the
progress and implementing any changes along the way. Lastly, the
building contractor is the individual who deals with all emergencies and
surprises which relate to the project and occur on-siteand sometimes
off-siteas well.
Electrical Engineer
The main role of electrical engineers in construction projects is to
supervisethe electricians in handling all the electrical works considering
the safety and quality requirements. The electrical engineer in the
construction site also reads and studies the electrical plans (usually done
by electrical design engineers) and implement it in the site and
sometimes do necessary actions whether to corrector to improve the
design. They coordinate with other electrical engineers in the
implementation of the electrical systemdesign and also with other
engineers of different fields, such as civil and mechanical engineers,
to make the construction job easier. Electrical engineers also prepare
proper protection systems for all electrical installation.

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AUTHORITY PROCEDURES
A developer firsthas to obtain all planning approvals beforeany physical
work can commence on site and prior to issuanceof any advertising
permit by the relevant authorities. A developer firsthas to obtain all
planning approvals beforeany physicalwork can commence on site and
prior to issuanceof any advertising permit by the relevant authorities.
Under the new guidelines by the OSC, the principalsubmitting person
(PSP) has an option to either submitall four (4) planning applications for
simultaneous approvalor to submitit by stages. The planning
applications are (a) planning permission application (Subsection 21[1],
Act 172), (b) building plan application, (c) road and drainage plan
application (Section 9, Act 133) and (d) the various 'works'plan (Section
70A, Act 133).
Steps:
 Submit necessary documents to OSC (One-Stop-Centre)
Secretariat for approval(1 day).
 Once checked and approved by OSC, the developer mustobtain
approvalfromvarious parties, namely the Land Office(Conversion
and Subdivision application), Local Authority Planning Department
(Planning Permission application), Local Authority Building
Department (Building Plan application), Local Authority
Engineering Department (Road and Drainage Plan application) and
other technical departments.
 Each of the parties will check the submitted documents with their
own system. The time taken for the documents to be approved
varies according to the organisations.
 After the documents are approved by all the relevant parties, the
OSCSecretariat will compile or coordinatea recommendation
paper (10 days).

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 An OSCCommittee Meeting will then take place (1 day), after
which an approvaldocument of planning permission will be
prepared (7 days).
 While the approvaldocument of planning permission is prepared
the OSCSecretariat will informplanning permission decision to
land office for processing the land development application.
 OSCwill take 3 days to preparedecision paper for the applicant.
Meanwhile, a local authority full council meeting will be held (1
day).
 Finally, the applicant will receive the decision paper fromOSCand
approvalfromthe land office.

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COSTS
Estimation of costs

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Thank You