Basic Concepts For Economic Reasoning

Basic Concepts for Economic Reasoning
Running head: THE BASIC CONCEPTS FOR ECONOMIC REASONING
The Basic Concepts for Economic Reasoning
International Economics
Will Bury`s Gose Global Part I Will Bury has invented a technology that gives the option of reading text materials digitally or
listening to it with synthetic voice which sound realistic (Will burry`s goes global, UOP).
In this paper I will explain economic concepts founded in Will Bur's scenario, which will Bury`s have to take some important business decisions.
The economic concepts in Bury's Price Elasticity Scenario are:
A. Supply and demand
Supply and demand is one of the and basic concepts of the global economics and is
Considered a backbone of market economy. Demand is defined ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This concept will show Will Bury how the price of substitute goods offered by competitors will be Based on how much his product sales.
The Basic Concept for economic reasoning part II
Burry's Issues Identified Will Bury is an a enterprising inventor, who has stepped into the business with some prosperous
Outcomes. Before taking any business decision, we must help him out in understanding major issues he is Going to face and how he can apply the
international economic concepts to solve those issues.
After going to scenario, the Burry's first issue to identify is US economy and how it works' .The world Economic systems are classified according to
whether they are '' market systems'' or "command Systems". We operate within the market system called capitalism. This type of economy does not
accept Any government intervention, like price fixing, quotas and industry substitutions. The consumer has need And wants and product is considered
a "want" in market economy.

Now a days, the basic problem in the market system is scarcity. The consumers and producers make Decisions in buying and selling on basis of scarce
resources, such as labor, land and capital. One Important
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Basic Database Design Concepts
The Fundamentals of Database Design
To end up with a good 'relational database' application, you need to ask: Do I actually need one? If so, how far do you want to take it? By this I
mean, is this to be a simple database to store information about only one, or very few, related entities (i.e. a list of people who attended a certain event,
and how they came to hear about the event) which are not likely to change; or a permanent and well used application with several different entities (i.e.
Staff, Departments, Branches, SalesFigures for various periods/staff members/departments) which are constantly changing. If the forma is the case, a
simple 'Flat File' database is all that is required. There are several basic database products on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This is extremely useful if the application is to be distributed among users and the database itself can be centrally stored and maintained by database
specialists. The Development/Test db will be already in the correct format for the transfer to a backend server and the Access application will be ready
to connect to it.
Examine your current database
There is no need to reinvent the wheel. If you have a current system, have a good look at your tables. If you need to make 'sub–columns', or the same
data needs to be entered on many lines, the database is indeed set–up wrong. This is very often identified by spotting 'repeating attributes', within the
same entity, or lists of values for one attribute. For example, you may have a table called StaffMembers with an attribute (a column heading) called
'CompletedCourses' where you need to list several courses for each staff member. To improve on this, the database needs to be 'Normalised', and
probably redesigned.
Design the database correctly from the outset
The first thing you need to do is make a list of items you need to store information about. These are called Entities or Relations (or Classes in OOAD)
Next you need to list all the things about each Relation that you need to record. These are the Relation's Attributes (or the Class' Properties in OOAD).
For example, one

Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts Paper Charles Lloyd Eco/415 October 19, 2012 George Flemming Basic Concepts Paper Circumstances, which are different, can have a
major affect on supply and demand. The simulation in this week's assignment deals with the curves of supply and demand and how they are affected by
the changing of situations that happens in the city of Atlantis with the two–bedroom apartments. Changes were supposed to be made depending on the
findings and results made within the Atlantis community. The shifts in supply and demand will have an effect on the Goodlife decisions. This
simulation has four emphasized key points they are price ceilings, supply and demand, shifts in supply and demand, and equilibrium. This paper will
summarize... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example was that the price ceiling went into effect, which caused the rate not to increase or decrease. The team's decisions were successful in
some aspects and not so successful in other situations. In the simulation some of the team decisions led to financial success by selling each
apartment at the appropriate price; whereas, this allowed everyone to win and make a profit. Some mistakes that the team made in the simulation
was trying to make an affordable apartment rent for the tenants. When this decision was made the apartment management lost money by selling the
places so cheap, and the management team had more tenants than apartments. The price lessoned so more people wanted to move in and there
were no vacancies. The company had some fixed and variable costs associated within the simulation. Fixed cost is the business world ball and
chain. Fixed costs are always paid it never change because of activity. At one point in the simulation the population increased and the amount of
apartments for lease rose to 3,000 from 2,500, which caused an increase in demand, and a supply decrease. When the sales price of an item decreases
it is common practice for a business to decrease the price also to entice the consumers to buy the cheaper priced products. A product in high demand
must be sold at full price by the company for maximized profit. Another example occurred when the price cap was set the tenants would have to pay
the same amount of rent

Mortgage Component For The Fairfield Of Tallahassee
For this section of the report, we will take into consideration the applicable costs in development of the proposed lodging facility in conjunction with
our forecasted operating statement and the financing components involved in the project. We intend to forecast an estimate of return given the
assumptions of the project.
Mortgage Component
For the Fairfield of Tallahassee, we will use the provided term sheet to assume that suggest a blended interest rate of 5.28% percent, 20–year
amortization mortgage with a 0.08164 constant, and an 80 percent loan–to–value ratio is appropriate. The term sheet of the loan will be provided in the
addenda of this report
Estimate of Equity Yield Component
The remaining capital required ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Equity Yield
We have forecasted the equity yield to be earned by the equity investor to be approximately $4,099,171.51 based upon the assumption of a required
18% return. The results are summarized in the following table.
Conclusion
In determining the potential feasibility of the Fairfield of Tallahassee, we analyzed the lodging market, researched the area's economics, reviewed the
estimated development cost, and prepared a forecast of income and expense. Given the assumptions made in the content of this report the equity and
debt investor should be provided a positive return which confirms the feasibility of the acquisition for the Fairfield of Tallahassee.
We hereby certify that we have no undisclosed interest in the property and our employment and compensation are not contingent upon our findings.
This study is subject to the comments made throughout this report and to all assumptions and limiting conditions set forth herein. The conclusions
presented in this report are based upon the information available and received at the time the report was filed. NHCG has taken every possible
precaution to evaluate this information for its complete accuracy and reliability. Parts of this report were prepared or arranged by third–party
contributors, as indicated throughout the document. While third–party contributions have been reviewed by NHCG for reasonableness and consistency
for including in this report, third–party information has not

Basic Accounting Concepts
Basic Accounting Concepts and Business Structures ACC/537 FINANCIAL ACCOUNTING All businesses has a obligated task to prepare financial
statements that shows the performance of the business at the end of a accounting period. Accounting standards regulation is important because it helps
to ensure that companies are transparent in preparation of financial statements which reflects the true results of the company's outcome. If there are no
regulations for preparing financial statements, anyone can prepare and present the financial statements to the public without considering credibility.
According to Financial Accounting Standard Board (FASB) the hierarchy of Generally Accepted Accounting
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Comparability allows users to compare similar companies in the same industry group and to make comparisons of performance over time. Reliability
of information is truthful, accurate, and complete, capable of verification (e.g., by a potential investor) with nothing significant missed. Objectivity of
accounting information is not biased toward a particular user group or investment at stake. Accrual basis vs. cash basis accounting methods are quite
confusing, particularly for those who have just started a new business. The accrual method is usually considered as a less likely choice if a
non–accountant will perform the accounting process (Cantoria, Ciel S., 2011). The accrual method is complicated because it involves correlated
actions of recognizing, amortizing or deferring expenses or income, without considering if an actual exchange of cash had taken place. The cash basis
method, in which the income and expense transactions are included, is often the popular choice because it is simple. The most common forms of
business are the sole proprietorship, partnership, corporation, S corporation, and Limited Liability Company (LLC). The LLC is a relatively new
business structure allowed by state statute. The sole proprietorships are the simplest form of business. The owner is only one person and

Syllabus
Syllabus in BASIC COMPUTER CONCEPTS AND OFFICE PRODUCTIVITY TOOLS
CT101
I. Description of the Course: This course covers the areas of information technology and computer literacy including history, ethics, careers, and
examples of how computers and communications technologies are being used both in education specifically and society in general. Furthermore, the
course introduces current system and application programs being used today and provides the learner the opportunity to identify and understand the
concepts related to all areas of computer programs along with the hands–on learning experiences needed to develop their operation skills in using these
system and applications software.
II. General ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
|The Course | | | | |
| |Syllabus | | | | |
| |Typing Test |Demonstration |Program is equipped with WPM counter |PC |2ND–5TH MEETING |
|Pass Keyboarding |Lesson 1– 18 | | |TV Set | |
|Lecture: |Chapter 1: Computers: Tools for an |Class discussion |Class Participation |Laptop |6TH MEETING |
|Describe the three fundamental |Information Age |Guide Questions: |Short Quiz |PC

The Basic Concepts Of Algebra
Sam is a student in middle school who is having difficult in his algebra class. Sam is having a difficulty with the basic concepts of algebra. The
possible strategies that may be used on Sams case are teaching vocabulary, concrete representational abstract method and graphic organization. The
teaching vocabulary is very important when it comes to solving a problem in mathematics this is because a student must understand the content of the
problem in order to solve. Not only knowing the content, but knowing the difference between the vocabulary. For example, knowing the difference
between addition and subtraction. If a student does not know the different between both, the problem will be incorrect. A teacher must teach a student
the vocabulary in their classroom. They should use the first 10 to 15 minutes reviewing any vocabulary that would be used that day. In addition, they
should provide examples for each word. For example, if they are explaining a program they should define the words they are using to refresh the
students who are lost and confuse during the lecture. The benefits of using this strategie with Sam is that every time Sam sits down in class he would
be able to have his mind refreshed. A lot of students believe their student know the material, therefore, they continue teaching. However, if Sam has his
mind refreshed every time he goes to class he has a opportunity to understand the material. Moreover, if the teacher explains the vocabulary with a
problem, Sam

The Basic Concepts Of Renewables
The Basic Concepts of Renewables Renewable energy's definition is "Energy from a source that is not depleted when it is used" ("Renewable Energy
– Definition") and it is present throughout the world in a variety of countries. Given the variety of sources and the complexity of each, many other
countries vie to stay with cheap, affordable, unhealthy non–renewable fuels such as natural gas, coal, and oil. This paper looks to review the production
and consumption of energy – both renewable and non–renewable – over the history of renewable energy, then analyze why certain patterns may appear.
The first step in this process is to define each type of renewable energy so that they can relate to each country that uses these sources. Each type of ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
An example of renewable energy that is still under heavy development is infrared energy. There is not enough statistical use to include this source in
the paper, but in the context of this research, it is proof that other energy sources exist in both the natural and the scientific realms. "'Sunlight has
energy, so photovoltaics make sense; you're just collecting the energy. But it's not really that simple, and capturing energy from emitting infrared light
is even less intuitive,' says lead author Steven J. Byrnes (AB '07), a postdoctoral fellow at SEAS. 'It's not obvious how much power you could
generate this way, or whether it's worthwhile to pursue, until you sit down and do the calculation'" (Perry 1). This, among other sources, are likely to
have a strong market presence in the coming years due to the immense development and funding that has been spent on their research. However,
cultural views and norms may determine the fate of these sources before they even break ground.
Two Types of Green Thinking The political realms across the globe are a difficult group of subjects to grasp, and even more so in the face of
corruption. Conversely, America has been one of the world's largest consumers of non–renewable energies and is tasked with the difficult decision of

The Basic Concepts Of Excellence
The EFQM model can be split into three different sectors, these areas help businesses evaluate and improve their performance; these are:
п‚§The Fundamental Concepts of Excellence
п‚§The EFQM Model Criteria
п‚§The RADAR Logic
3.6.Fundamental Concepts
The notion of the Fundamental Concept of Excellence is to have a basic foundation which enables the organisation to achieve a sustainable level of
excellence. Through the model; organisations are able to identify any problems that could potentially affect the relationships between the company
operations and the objectives the business could potentially attain. The Fundamental concept has eight concepts; these concepts are as important as
each other as they all help magnify any benefits that an organisation could achieve when integrated into its culture (EFQM, 2013).
The eight concepts are shown diagrammatic below:
Figure 1: The Fundamental Concepts of the EFQM Excellence Model (The Finnish National Board Of Education, 2016).
The eight Fundamental Concepts of Excellence (see appendix 3) which are formed from the foundation of the EFQM model criteria are: (EFQM, 2013)
Adding value for customers – Excellent businesses continuously add value towards their customers by understanding and fulfilling the needs of their
consumers' expectations and outlooks.
Creating a sustainable future – Excellent organisations have an optimistic influence towards what is around them; this tends to enhance their
performance whilst

Advantages And Disadvantages Of Financing For Jacqui Llc
A small business with no revenue, no track record and no sales screams high–risk. Luckily, there are other pockets to pick to help your small business
get the financing it needs to grow and thrive .In these essay want to explain about other potential sources of financing for Jacqui LLC . And I explain
about the advantages and disadvantages of using equity capital and debt capital to finance a small business's growth. And I give for Jacqui Rosshandler
to investment offer from Arthur Shorin.
Finding the money to start their small businesses is usually one of the first problems that entrepreneurs face. For most people, this process can be hard
and very frustrating. What makes this process frustrating is a combination of wrong expectations and ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The last one Venture capitalists. It is finance provided for an equity stake in a potentially high growth company. .
Debt and equity financing are your two basic options to raise money for a start–up company or growing business. Debt financing includes long–term
loans you get from the bank. Equity financing is private investor money you get in exchange for a share of ownership in the business. Now I want
to explain about the advantages and disadvantages of using equity capital and debt capital to finance a small business's growth. The advantages of
Debt is financing allows you to pay for new buildings, equipment and other assets used to grow your business before you earn the necessary funds.
This can be a great way to pursue an aggressive growth strategy, especially if you have access to low interest rates. Closely related is the advantage
of paying off your debt in installments over a period of time. Relative to equity financing, you also benefit by not relinquishing any ownership or
control of the business. Interest on the debt can be deducted on the company's tax return, lowering the actual cost of the loan to the company. Raising
debt capital is less complicated because the company is not required to comply

Fin U02A2 Time, Value and Money
TIME VALUE OF MONEY: ANNUITY CASH FLOWS FIN u02a2 Would you rather have a savings account that paid interest compounded on a
monthly basis, or one that compounded interest on an annual basis? Why? Compound interest arises when interest is added to the principal.
Therefore, the interest that has been added also earns interest. This addition of interest to the principal is called compounding. If the savings account
has $1,000 initial principal and 20% interest per year, the account will have a balance of $1200 at the end of the first year, $1440 at the end of the
second year. Frequent or monthly compounding increases the future value (Cornett, Adair, & Nofsinger, 2014, page 109–110). What is an
amortization schedule and what are... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This means that the payments that are made at the end of every period are called ordinary annuity. This is because ordinary annuity is the usual state
of affairs. Under normal circumstances all annuities are paid at the end of the period. Therefore, when annuity payments are made in advance, like in
house rents, they are called annuity due. The difference in the formula to calculate the two different types of annuities is very small (Cornett, Adair,
& Nofsinger, 2014, page 108). What is the future value of a $ 500 annuity payment over five years if interest rates are 9 percent? Recalculate the
future value at 8 percent interest, and again at 10 percent interest. FVA5 = $500 x (1+0.09)5–1 = $500 x 5.9847 = $2,992.36 0.09 FVA5 = $500 x (1 +
0.08)5 –1 = $500 x 5.8666 = $2,933.30 0.08 FVA5 = $500 x (1 + 0.10)5– 1 = $500 x 6.1051 =$3,052.55 0.10 What is the present value of a $700
annuity payment over four years if interest rates are 10 percent? Recalculate the present value at 9 percent interest, and again at 11 percent interest.
PVA4 = $700 x 1– __1____ (1 + 0.10)4 = $700 x 3.1698655 = $2,218.91 0.10 PVA4 = $700 x 1 – __1__

Basic Concept Of Image Processing
III.NEIGHBORHOOD OF PIXEL. In Image processing, Image can be defined as a connection on number of pixels. A pixel P can be represented as P
(x, y) where, x, y are the coordinates of the pixel. There are two main classifications in an image 1) 2 – Dimensional. 2) 3 – Dimensional. In 2–
Dimensional image, there will be only two coordinates x and y. whereas, in 3– Dimensional there will be a z– axis too. The connection types vary in
each model. 2–D image consists of pixels that are connected in 4, 6, 8 connection models. The 4– connected pixels are connected to every edge in
horizontal and vertical ways. This can be given by (x+1, y), (x–1, y), (x, y+1) and (x, y–1). This system of connection has only 4 points, so it is called...
For this procedure, a recent algorithm was developed by Otsu which is called as Otsu's algorithm. This algorithm can find the exact location of the
connected pixels with same properties and the borders of the regions. The main parameters that are to be considered in this function are ratio of
component area, aspect ratio, extent, component area of the border area to the plane area. The measurement of these factors are very crucial for the
subsequent recognition of the elements. Why we are using segmentation in this project? For example, we want to find the area of a stone in kidney
(considering the medical), initially the stone image will be picked up and when finding its area, the edges of the stone or the border line of the stone
should be marked. After marking the desired ranges, the tool segments the particular stone's border line from the rest of the background. Fig: – 4.1
Calculation of area of Stone in Kidney. From the above show figure, we found the diameter of the stone 0.08cms. Now from this measurement the
doctors can find out the area of the stone and can prepare for the operation on removal of that stone. Segmentation has two goals. The principal
objective is to break down the picture into parts for promote examination. In basic cases, the

Crocs Case Study Essay
CASE: Crocs, Inc. 1. Which comparable company is a useful peer for valuation purposes as of the case date? Will it continue to be a good match
into the future? Lululemon is a useful peer for valuation purposes as of the case date. There are three main factors to determine a useful peer. First
one is comparable growth. Fiscal year 2006 sales growth of Crocs had been %227 and growth of over %130 was likely for fiscal year 2007. On the
other side, compound annual growth rate of sales of Lululemon is over %100 (Exhibit 4). Second main factor is risk. Since that Crocs and Lululemon
are new highgrowth brands, they have comparable risks. Last one is profit margin. Crocs has high margins on its products as a result of economies of
scale.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Prepare a succinct sensitivity analysis using profit margin as the key driver and revisit your "true" value argument. I assume that COGS/Sales rate
will be 5% higher than the original assumption. After this assumption I calculate value of equity per share ($47.60) as following. In other words, 5%
increase in COGS/Sales results 26.84% decrease in the value of equity per share. Assumptions 2009 2010 2011 39.0% 28.0% 17.0% 48.0% 49.0%
50.0%
Growth % COGS/Sales %
2006 227% 43.5%
2007 134% 41.2%
2008 50.0% 48.0%
2012 6.0% 50.0%
PERIOD YEAR EBIT after tax (EBIAT) + Depreciation =Cash Flow from Operations (CFFO) +/– Change in Net Working Capital +/– Capital
Expenditures =Free Cash Flow (FCF) +Terminal Value (TV) =Sum of FCF + TV Present Value– Market Value of Debt = Valuation of Equity
/ Number of Shares Value of Equity per Share
2007

1 2008
2 2009 329.27 30.87 360.14
3 2010 407.12 41.83 448.95
4 2011 468.03 50.51 518.53
5 Steady 549.64 549.64
0 227.91 0 21.37 0

Corporate And Industrial Businesses : Business Strategies
Chapter 1. This chapter discusses how shareholders have become more dominant than the stakeholders in the corporate and industrial businesses.
Managers are now focusing on appealing shareholders because study shows that it creates better business, especially when companies are going
through an unattractive phase regarding shareholders. Chapter 2. Managing value is discussed throughout the chapter and how it is important in
developing business strategies. Three steps which are vital in managing value are recognizing restricting opportunities, acting on these opportunities,
and establishing a value creation philosophy in the corporation. Managers must develop strategic plans in order to create value for the business.
Chapter 3. Fundamental... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This chapter discusses the proof that the market does work by the way theory suggests. The four categories which is stated in the book regarding the
proof include: how changes in value and valuation levels are linked, how the market not only focuses on short term performance but long term as well,
and the market concentrates on the essential economic results. It is also important to note mentioned in the chapter that inexperienced consideration to
account earnings will cause value destroying decisions. Therefore, managers need to pay attention on increasing long term free cash flow in order to be
rewarded by greater share prices. Chapter 6. Similar to what I stated in the first chapter, this chapter talks about how companies are wanting to create
value for their shareholders. A good point made in the chapter is how the managers should think about all the possible ways of how to create value
instead of why it should be created. Companies take various approaches in order to create value, but although there are many approaches such as
metrics not everyone is successful. We noticed in the chapter when looking at the total returns of shareholders, only one third outperformed their sector
index by more than five percent. Every company will have to choose their route to creating value all depending on where they want to be in a certain
amount of time. Chapter 7. According to this chapter, likelihoods of success are minimum for acquiring companies in an active market and

Strategic Investment Decisions Involving Valuable Business...
Valuation Questions
Question 1:
A strategic option is a valuation approach applied by firms when making strategic investment decisions involving valuable business opportunities. The
approach is premised on the idea of remedying the shortcomings of DCF analysis model. This approach allows firms to value investment opportunities
by ascertaining on future value benefits that a specific project would bring to firm, rather than looking at cash flow. Strategic options enable the
management to formulate strategic decisions to inform on future opportunities that would be created through today's investments. Possible future
operations are valued using strategic options, as no cash flow is analyzed, but rather analysis of opportunity for investing ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Thus, during valuation the firm must undertake strategic mapping on these elements to select real investment project.
However, strategic option is subject to abuse – particularly due to absence of any formal valuation procedures. This means that strategic option can be
highly politicized by the management. In practice, this valuation approach is myopic and may lead firms to undervaluing the future, and thus, to
under–invest by deferring viable investment projects. Also, at times managers may use strategic options by inputting informal procedures or personal
bias by deliberately championing or defending certain investment opportunities – causing overinvestment.
Question 2:
Adjusted Present Value (APV) approach is an income–based valuation method employed as a variant to DCF tool, but does not use any WACC
calculation. By using APV method, one can ascertain enterprise value by separating out as well as accounting for tax attributes of debts/borrowing and
inherent incremental bankruptcy risk associated with additional debt. During valuation, the APV approach measures a firm's enterprise value (EV) as
the value of a company devoid of debt ('unlevered enterprise), plus prevent value of tax savings from company's debt. Specifically, APV valuation
estimates unleveraged cost of equity most often using CAPM approach, expected cash flow of an

The Basic Concepts Of Economy
The Basic Concepts of Economy Nowadays, the most important aspect of the world is about economy. It has been going into every single thing in
people's daily life deeply and deeply and influencing people's behaviors and attitudes about the meaning of living. Sometimes it is very easy to be
ignored, but economy is playing a very significant role in this modern age. For example, when people purchase a vehicle and make payment by
instalment, they are completely get involved into economy, which is people usually called as business. Moreover, it happens among countries in this
world. Economic level has become decisive index which is presented by gross domestic product, the GDP, and determined the country's ranking for
many years. If... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
More specifically, the resources that are helpful to satisfy human's demand are scarce. In addition, some resources are scarce when there are not
freely available, which means their price are more than zero. Second, people have unlimited wants. This means everyone in this world always
want more resources as long as they can satisfy these variable wants, for example, a new car, a nicer home, and more free time. Based on these two
economic truths, one conclusion that although people's wants, or desires, are virtually unlimited, the resources available to satisfy theses wants are
scarce. This is so called the economic problem. When the economic problem is admitted, people will face several choices of economic behaviors.
Should they work more for earning money to buy necessary scarce resources to satisfy their wants, or should they chose work less so that they can
have more free time to have a rest and arrange their own life? Economy is created no other than helping people to solve these problem. Economics
examines how people use their scarce resources to satisfy their unlimited wants. This means, beginning with resources, then goods and services, and
finally focus on the heart of the matter–economic choice, which results from scarcity. Since resources are so important, it is necessary for public to
understand the meaning of resources to improve their ability of solving the economic problem. The definition of resources is that resources are

Basic Financial Concepts and Pinkerton
Executive Summary. Wathen is attempting to value the proposed acquisition of Pinkerton in an effort to determine whether bids of $85 million to $100
million is value enhancing for CPP's shareholders. Additionally, Wathen must choose between two financing options: (1) raising $100 Million via a $75
million debt structure at 11.5% interest rate together with a $25 million equity investment for a 45% stake in the combined company and (2) a $100
million debt facility at 13.5% interest rate. General Assumption. We assumed that Wackenhut is comparable to Pinkerton, and therefore that
Wackenhut's asset beta reflects that of Pinkerton. Additionally, we assumed that Pinkerton's bond rating is A. As such, we assumed a debt service ratio
for... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
With the synergies expected, the value to CPP increases by $14.6 Million (see exhibit 4). Generally for the particular small firms to maintain
rating of A, the firms have to maintain a debt service ratio of 6. Hence it is practical to assume interest coverage ratio of 6.0x in the long term for
Pinkerton in this case. Pinkerton gets benefit from 34% tax shield, which account for the value of $15.4 Million (see exhibit 5). Therefore, as
calculated in exhibit 6, the total value of Pinkerton from 3 sources to CPP in expected case is $119.7 Million. This is higher than the $100 million
asking price. Financing: Free cash flow after debt service is still positive in both options. For the value to existing shareholder, as option 1 CPP gives
premium of $15.2 Million over $25 Million for 45% stake of CPP to investors, option 2 of $100 Million Debt would be more preferable. Pessimistic
Case Valuation: We then perform the valuation exactly the same method as expected case. The value of Pinkerton with less gross margin and more
working capital needed is $67.1 Million (See exhibit 9 for 5 years valuation and exhibit 10 for terminal value). With lower performance, the value of
34% tax shield is also lower to $10.8 Million (see exhibit 12). Without any additional incremental value to CPP (exhibit 11), total Pinkerton value
from 3 sources is $77.9 Million (exhibit 13), which is even less than the original proposed value of $85 Million from Wathen. Financing:

The Determinate And Impact Of Optimal Leverage Ratio
The Determinate and Impact of Optimal Leverage Ratio
Leverage ratio is a key factor of a company which is closely related with company's capital structure, financing cost and financial strength. Many
research paper analyzed how to determine the optimal leverage ratio and explained why companies should use leverage.
Theoretical Literature
Pareja (2008) built theoretical model about weighted average cost of capital (WACC) of companies which use leveragefinance. They argued that the
traditional opinion that believed leverage ratio was the most important factor in determine WACC and when leverage ratio is constant, WACC is
constant does not hold true when pricing finite free cash flow. They used a numerical example showed that WACC is depend on the discount rate
which is used to pricing tax shield. If we assume that the discount rate for tax shield is simply cost of debt and leverage ratio is constant, WACC will
not be constant. In this case, they must make some more assumption other than constant leverage ratio to ensure the constant WACC. In the end, they
found that the sufficient conditions of constant WACC are 1. There is enough EBIT to fully earn the tax shield, 2. Taxes are paid when accrued, 3.
The risk of TS is cost of unleveraged cost, 4. Tax rate T, is constant, 5. Interest rate on debt is equal to the (market) cost of debt.
Empirical Literature
Castro (2016)'s research built a model to describe the target leverage and speed of adjustment across three life cycle

Arcadian Microarray
Seediscussions,stats,andauthorprofilesforthispublicationat:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228180753 ArcadianMicroarrayTechnologies,Inc.
ARTICLEВ·OCTOBER2008 READS 516 2AUTHORS,INCLUDING: RobertF.Bruner UniversityofVirginia
287PUBLICATIONS1,490CITATIONSSEEPROFILE Availablefrom:RobertF.Bruner Retrievedon:25January2016 Username: TO ACCESS THIS
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UVA–F–1496 Arcadian Microarray Technologies, Inc. Following the completion of the Human Genome Project1 in 2003, which sought to map the
entire human DNA sequence2, several companies had developed technologies for researchers to exploit that mountain of data. Specifically, those new
products helped scientists find the links between the variations in a person's genetic code and their predisposition to disease. It was hoped that
ultimately this would usher in an era when disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention could be tailored to an individual's unique genetic identity.
Arcadian Microarray Technologies, Inc.,3 headquartered in Arcadia, California, was founded in 2003 by seven research scientists, two of whom had
been major contributors to the Human Genome Project itself. The team had developed a unique DNA scanning device in the form of a waferlike glass
chip that could allow scientists to analyze thousands of human genes or gene fragments at one time,

The Basic Concepts Of Cryptography Essay
Background
Cryptography is known as the method of writing secrets. The secured data and all of information from any external or internal hacks. Therefore, it
provides confidentiality, integrity, authenticity and non–repudiation to secure data. The basic concepts of cryptography will be based on two terms
namely plain text and cipher text. Plain text represents the message generated originally and cipher text is the message which is the encrypted text. We
would decrypt the encrypted cipher text to get our original message.
Cryptography provides the practitioner with the following services or objectives: Confidentiality is the method used to have all the data to be accessed
by an authorized personnel only and helps keep the data secure. It even monitors the channel to have all the data transmitted between users over a given
time period between two points and is well protected of the traffic flow and analysis. Integrity is a method requiring the computer systems components
and transmitted data to be capable of changes only by authorized users. Modification includes writing, changing, changing the status, deleting, creating,
and the delaying or replaying of transmitted messages. It is important to point out that integrity relates to active attacks and therefore, it is concerned
with detection rather than prevention. Moreover, integrity can be provided with or without recovery, the first option being the more attractive
alternative. Authentication is a service that is

Microeconomics Basic Concepts
1.Introduction & Basic Concepts 1.1 Economics Economics is a study of how people choose to allocate their scares resources to produce,
exchange and consume goods and services to satisfy unlimited wants. As in this article, fuel surcharges increases as the price of fuel increases.
Economics is also a study of choices made by individuals, firms, governments and society as a whole which helps us to understand economic issues
that we read and hear about. In this article, people have a choice whether or not they want to pay more for air tickets as although airlines are making
profits, it can still lead to higher fares. 1.2 Scarcity A good or service is scarce if the amount people desire exceeds the amount available at zero price....
This would mean higher economic growth for the airline companies and with higher economic growth, it means expectations and thus the demand
for airline tickets will also increase due to this fact and thus the supply will increase and if the demand's increase is more than the supply's
increase, prices will go up as demand is more than supply. 3.Supply 3.1 Law of Supply The Law of Supply states that a direct relationship exists
between price & quantity supplied of a good, ceteris paribus. When price increases, supply increases and vice versa. This is due to the fact that
producers are more willing to sell greater amounts of a good at a higher price as it is relatively more profitable to produce, compared to other
goods. In this case, due to the increase of prices of airline tickets and the possibility of it continuing to increase, airline companies are merging
together to not only reduce competition but when they merge as one airline company itself, they are able to sell more airline tickets. 3.2
Determinants of Supply (Factor/Resource Price) If higher cost of production were incurred and if the producer were given the same price, they
would be less willing and able to sell at all price levels or that a higher price level may be charged at every output level. This is so in the case as, for the
airplane to fly from one country to another, it requires fuel which is increasing in price and

Corporate Valuation
Methods of Corporate Valuation Prof. Ian H. Giddy, New York University| What is my company worth? What are the ratios used by analysts to
determine whether a stock is undervalued or overvalued? How valid is the discounted present value approach? How can one value a company as a
going concern, and how does this change in the context of a potential acquisition, or when the company faces financial stress? Finding a value for a
company is no easy task –– but doing so is an essential component of effective management. The reason: it's easy to destroy value with ill–judged
acquisitions, investments or financing methods. This article will take readers through the process of valuing a company, starting with simple financial
statements and... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Book value is actually somewhat skeptically viewed in this day and age, since most companies have latitude in valuing their inventory, as well as
inflation or deflation of real estate depending on what tax consequences the company is trying to avoid. However, with financial companies like
banks, consumer loan concerns, brokerages and credit card companies, the book value is extremely relevant. For instance, in the banking industry,
takeovers are often priced based on book value, with banks or savings & loans being taken over at multiples of between 1.7 to 2.0 times book
value. Another use of shareholder's equity is to determine return on equity , or ROE. Return on equity is a measure of how much in earnings a
company generates in four quarters compared to its shareholder's equity. It is measured as a percentage. For instance, if XYZ Corp. made a million
dollars in the past year and has a shareholder's equity of ten million, then the ROE is 10%. Some use ROE as a screen to find companies that can
generate large profits with little in the way of capital investment. Coca Cola, for instance, does not require constant spending to upgrade equipment ––
the syrup–making process does not regularly move ahead by technological leaps and bounds. In fact, high ROE companies are so attractive to some
investors that they will take the ROE and average it with the expected earnings growth in order to figure out a fair multiple. This is why a

Using Discounted Cash Flow
Introduction
This assignment is to analyse and discuss the use of Discounted Cash Flow "DCF" to value Henkel AG.
Discounted Cash Flow Valuation is based upon the notion that the value of an asset is the present value of the expected cash flows on that asset,
discounted at a rate that reflects the riskiness of those cash flows. Specify whether the following statements about discounted cash flow valuation are
true or false, assuming that all variables are constant except for the variable discussed (Rubinstein, 2003). As described by Emhjellen and Alaouze
(2003), the discounted net cash flow is one of the most popular tool used for finance valuation.
The assignment will specifically discuss three key areas to DCF; Cost of Equity, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The usual method of selling equity in a company is to sell shares of stocks. Selling equity provides the advantage that dividends will result on
profitability. However, there 's huge advantage that shareholders will expect a continuous return on their investment and if any stock fail it will be sold
off which in return will devaluate the company (Brigham and Ehrhardt, 2009).
Risk Free Rate
The risk free rate is defined as the return on a portfolio or security that has no covariance with the market. This is a highly used method for estimating
the cost of equity capital. To estimate the risk free rate it's important to consider government default–risk free bonds since government bonds come in
many maturities. The risk free rate reflects three components; the rental rate, inflation, and maturity risk or investment rate risk which are all economic
factors that are found in the yield to maturity for any given maturity length.
For Henkel AG risk free rate we will use a 10 year bond because it has the least risk. A longer bond give the company a bigger picture of the future, for
example 3 to 6 years are not long enough, on the other hand 18 years are too long.
We will pick 3.38 because inflation needs time to be more established.
Calculation of Treasury Rate: (4.52 + 4.74) / 2 = 4.63

The above results is made by taking in account the rating of Hankel AG, while its rating A which is rated

Airthreads Essay
The Valuation of AirThread Connections We can use a combination of APV and WACC approach to value AirThread Connections
– using APV for
2008–2012, and using WACC to estimate the terminal value. Use APV approach to value cash flows from 2008 to 2012 America Cable Company
(ACC) should use APV approach to value cash flows from 2008 to 2012. This is because ACC uses classis LBO approach for acquisition where it
purchases the target with significant amount of debt, and then in the long run paid the debt to bring down the leverage to industry norms. The goal is
to use a tax efficient route and maximize the present value of tax shields, and minimize the amount of up–front equity invested in the deal. Use WACC
approach beyond 2008 to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rev.154.36x154.36x154.36x154.36x154.36x Total Sales Equip. Rev.101134.98153.85173.10190.42203.76 Prepaid
Expenses1.38%1.38%1.38%1.38%1.38% Total Prepaid Expenses41.646.9253.4860.1766.1970.82 Accounts Payable35.54x35.54x35.54x35.54x35.54x
Total Accounts Payable260.8335.42382.38430.18473.20506.33 Deferred Serv.

Basic Concepts in Economy
1.The cut in interest rates will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right. The reduction in the interest rate will reduce the cost of borrowing for
households and businesses. These lower rates should encourage households and businesses to increase their level of consumption and increase the level
of investment spending in the economy. The increase in government spending on infrastructure will shift the aggregate demand curve to the right,
because the level of output increases as well as the price level. The long run supply curve will also sift to the right and the short run supply curve will
shift to the left, because the government spending on infrastructure would increase the levels of productivity and employment levels in the economy.
(c)An increase in international economic turbulence The increase in international economic turbulence will shift the aggregate demand curve to the
left, as consumption and investment decline due to the lack of consumer and business confidence. The short run supply curve would shift to the right
because the price level is lower than expected and costs have fallen in the economy. The appreciation in the foreign exchange rate of the economy's
currency will make imports more cheaper for the economy and exports would be more expensive to send to foreign economies, therefore some
businesses who import goods to use in their production, the costs would fall, causing the short run supply curve to shift to the right as prices for

The Basic Concepts Of Ilp
Introduction Instruction–level parallelism(or we call it ILP) is a form of parallel operation or calculation which allows program to perform multiple
instructions at one time. Thus it is also a measurement to describe the amount of instruction per unit time.We will explore the LIP from an overall view
to the several specific methods to exploit it. ILP is a measure of how many of the instructions in a computer program can be executed simultaneously.
When exploiting instruction–level parallelism, goal is to maximize CPI. As for how much ILP exists in programs is very application specific. In
certain fields, like graphics and scientific computing the amount can be very large while workloads such as cryptography may exhibit much less
parallelism. Micro–architectural techniques that are used to exploit ILP include instruction pipelining, superscalar execution, register renaming, and
so on. This paper will first access the basic concepts of ILP by exploring the ways of handling data,including the controlling data dependence and data
hazards. Then we will talk about ways of how to expose ILP using pipelining and loop scheduling in compiler(the ways to speed up instruction
operation). Additionally, we will discuss the details of dealing with data hazards by dynamic scheduling (allow execution before control dependence is
solved) by using the examples of Tomasulo's algorithm and explain the different types of branch prediction(choose which instruction to be executed).
Next we will

Basic Concepts Of Organization Design
Basic Approach to Organization Design
Organizing is basically about who does what. "It means defining responsibilities, building structures and developing relationships"(Boutros & Purdie,
2013). The main element in organization is "people" what they do & how they work together.
When organizing a new organization structure, you must be advisable on:
what the organization is there to do
circumstance which the activities are carried out (technology, rate of growth or change, management/style, outside environment)
requirements to achieve the aim of the organization
group related activities
establish relationships that should exist in the organization (vertically/within functions–horizontally/between functions)
ensuring that everyone in the organization understands their responsibilities, authority, structure, relationships.
Boutros & Purdie, 2013
The process of structuring an organization is akin to building something with a box of bricks. The bricks are the key activities or groups. First thing
to do is define what these bricks are. Then this is fitted together to build up a structure. There will be several ways which these bricks can be grouped
together. "Experimenting with alternative arrangements will help decide which pattern looks best. These could be an outcome of two to three
structures" (Boutros & Purdie, 2013).
These constant changes cause organizational problems within the structure.
Formal and informal organizations: "Aformal organization can be a

Employee Engagement Is A Basic Concept
Introduction. Employee Engagement is a basic concept frequently studied by management theorist. The subject us help us understand what drives
employees to be their most productive and focused. Understanding what contributes to employee engagement can help managers understand how to
revamp their process and give insight on if their performance is effective. Engaged employees generally attribute higher levels of job satisfaction or
the degree to which one enjoys or is committed to their job. When employees are satisfied with their jobs they are meeting a need. The most widely
accepted theory is that of Maslow's hierarchy, which characterizes needs in an escalating scale from physiological needs, safety and security, social
needs, esteem, and lastly self–actualization. In 1994, phycologist William Glaser proposed a similar hierarchy when studying industry psychology
escalating from survival, belongingness, power and recognition, and freedom (Newstrom. 2002). Controversially, he proposed that employee possessed
a fifth need of fun which is often unsatisfied at work. A tool frequently used bolster employee engagement is fun. Fun, generally described as
amusement, enjoyment, entertainment, has become an often debated topic in amongst management theorist and human resource professionals. As a part
of employee engagement, fun is used to make work an enjoyable human experience, thus eliminating some of the stiffness from business routines. This
paper will focus on the

Basic Concept Of Ballet
The Basic Concepts
A. Definition of a Classical Ballet Company based on the History of Ballet.
To define what in this research is considered as a classical ballet company, first the terms ballet and classical ballet have to be determined. As classical
ballet encompasses a wide range of ballet genres wherein the classical technique is applied, a definition of romantic ballet, white ballet, neoclassical'
and contemporary ballet is appropriate. To come to a clear definition and classification of the different genres, mentioning their historical evolution is
inevitable.
To distinguish classical ballet from contemporary or modern dance, the latest will briefly be described in this chapter as well.
The word ballet comes from the Italian balletti, a term used in the 15th century for the figure dances presented at the Italian Court. It is a diminutive of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Already the dances from the sixteenth and early seventeenth century were denominated as ballet, the ballets de cour, performed by the nobility inside
the royal palaces during the High Renaissance in Italy. At the time distinction was made between different narrative styles: ballet–comique; a dance
performance with emphasis on a unifying theme of which the most famous 'Le Ballet Comique de la Reine' is considered the very first ballet,
ballet–masquГ©rade; a form of music and dance without a story performed by beautifully masked and dressed courtiers, ballet–mГ©lodramatique;
almost the same as the ballet–comique but with emphasis on the songs, ballet Г entrГ©e; court dances presented between meals or during
intermissions of other performances, ballet burlesque; a dance form with parodic characters. Actually these dance forms are referred to as pre–ballet
(Copeland Roger & Cohen Marshall, 1983: 339, Utrecht Luuk, 1988:

Weighted Average Cost of Capital and Yeats
Extra Credit Assignment:
Yeats Valves and Controls Inc.
Completed as a Group with the Following Individuals: (in alphabetical order by last name)
Adetunji Adeniyi Tung F. Cheng Gregory Chiu Rashmin Patel WenHao Zhang
Course Title: Accounting and Finance Course No./Section: MG6093 Instructor: Frank X. Apicella November 28, 2012
Yeats Valves Question
The following are questions which should focus the groups on important aspects of the Yeats Valves case. Note the actual case name is Yeats Valves
and Controls, Inc. The case number is UV0094. There is also a spreadsheet – that number is UV0184.
As mentioned – the corresponding case is TSE ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is the minimum return a company needs to earn in order to satisfy its investor base (as weighted for the amount of debt vs. equity in the target/capital
structure), which is what the company must pay investors to raise new financing to support new projects or ventures. WACC is particularly useful here
because Yeats has no debt, thus, it is an equity financed company. In the case of Yeats, the company must have capital to continue to develop and
market its new Widening Gyre Program.
The formula for WACC = Re (E/V) + Rd (D/V)(1–t)
However, because Yeats does not have debt, the second half of this formula, Rd(D/V)(1–t) is not necessary. Being that Yeats has zero debt, the value of
its equity is in full, which represents its Enterprise Value. Tax (t) is determined in the case as 40% or .40 (p. 5).
We must then calculate the CAPM for the cost of equity (see Excel sheet for details):
Re = Rf + Beta (Rm–Rf)

Re = Required Return on Equity
Rf = Risk Free Rate = 5.98 (p. 16)
Beta = Measure of Risk relative to the general market (volatility) = 1.5 (p. 5)
Rm–Rf = Equity Market Risk Premium (EMRP) = 5.5 (p. 16)
Rm = Market Risk
Rf = Risk Free Assets (U.S. treasury security)
With Beta at 1, the stock price changes in precise tandem with the market, but with Yeat's beta at 1.5, it is more risky than a group of peer stocks.
Thus,
Re = Rf + Beta (Rm–Rf)
Re = 5.98 + 1.5 x 5.5
Re = 14.23%, the cost of equity at for Yeats
Then calculate
WACC = Re

Basic Concept on Organization Behaviour
Intro
Perhaps the single most important technique for motivating the people you supervise is to treat them the same way you wish to be treated: as
responsible professionals. It sounds simple; just strike the right balance of respect, dignity, fairness, incentive, and guidance, and you will create a
motivated, productive, satisfying, and secure work environment. Unfortunately, as soon as the complexities of our evolving workforce mix with human
relationships, even the best–intentioned supervisors can find the management side of their jobs deteriorating into chaos.
Theories As corporations strive to boost earnings in an increasingly competitive environment, they inevitably turn their attention to the issue of
employee ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Assumptions of theory Y are that work is as natural as play, self–direction and self–control are equally natural, and that motivation results from
self–esteem and a sense of achievement; that most people seek responsibility. Theory Y also holds that imagination is present in most people and that
organizations used only a tiny part of the intellectual capacity of their workforce. The contrast between X and Y solely relates to who controls human
behavior. Theory X touts external control, and Theory Y promotes self control and self direction6. McGregor did not say that Y is right and X is
wrong but was one of the first to argue for a situational approach to management. Adding to this analysis is W. J. Reddin who provided a third
alternative, Theory Z. Theory Z is the effectiveness dimension that implies that managers who use either Theory X or Theory Y assumptions when
dealing with people can be successful, depending on their situation.
Techniques
Planning: Planning involves a sense of strategic direction. What does the team need to do, in a global sense, to get to an

Basic Cost Concepts
Basic Cost Concepts
Meaning of Cost Accounting – Cost accounting is concerned with вћў recording, classifying and summarizing costs for determination of costs of
products or services, вћў planning, controlling and reducing such costs and вћў furnishing of information to management for decision–making.
Cost accounting, thus, provides information to the management for decision of all sorts. It serves multiple purposes on account of which it is
generally indistinguishable from management accounting.
Objectives of Cost Accounting 1. Determining selling price 2. Determining and controlling efficiency 3. Facilitates the preparation of financial and
other statements 4. Providing basis for operating policy ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
вћў Only direct costs are controllable for various responsibility centers. Indirect costs are not controllable. 4. Relevant and irrelevant costs – вћў
Relevant cost is cost which would be changed or influenced by a decision; hence it is important for decision makers. вћў Irrelevant cost is cost which
is not affected by a decision, i.e. it will be the same regardless of the choice that is made. 5. Shutdown and sunk costs – вћў Shutdown costs – costs of
idle plant during the period of temporary suspension of operations. вћў Sunk costs – historical or past costs, which have been created by a decision that
was made in the past that cannot be changed by any decision that will be made in the future 6. Controllable and uncontrollable costs – вћў Controllable
costs – costs the amount of which is significantly influenced by the action of the manager of the responsibility centre. вћў Uncontrollable costs – costs
which can not be so influenced. вћў Thus, the difference between controllable and uncontrollable costs is only in relation to a particular individual or
level of management. вћў An expenditure which is controllable by one individual may be uncontrollable so far as another individual is concerned. 7.
Imputed or hypothetical costs –

Basic Idea Of Smoothing : Basic Concepts Of Setting
2. Basic idea of smoothing
If is believed to be smooth, then the observation at , near should contain information about the value of at . Thus it should be possible to use
something like local average of data near to construct an estimator of . Smoothing of a data set , involves the approximation of the mean response
curve in the regression relationship. The function of interest could be the regression curve itself, certain derivatives of it or functions of derivatives
such as extrema or inflection points.
In the trivial case in which is a constant, estimation of reduces to the point of location, since an average over the response variables yields an estimate
of . In practical studies though it is unlikely that the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This smoothing parameter regulates the size of the neighborhood around meaning a local average over too large a neighborhood would cast away the
good with the bad. In this situation an extremely over smooth curve would be produced, resulting in a biased estimate . On the other hand defining the
smoothing parameter so that it corresponds to a very small neighborhood would not shift the chaff from the wheat .Only a small number of
observations would contribute none negligibly to the estimate at making it very rough and wiggly. In this case the variability of would be inflated.
Finding the choice of smoothing parameter that balances the trade – off between over smoothing and under smoothing is called the smoothing
parameter selection problem.
3. Choosing the smoother
Some of the smoothing techniques include Kernel, Spline, Locally weighted regression, Recursive Regressogram, Convolution, Median, Split linear fit
and K–Nearest Neighbor among others. One of the most active research areas in Statistics in the last 20 years has been the search for a method to find
the "optimal" bandwidth for a smoother. There are now a great number of methods to do this. Unfortunately none of them is fully satisfactory. Here a
comparative study of the two mostly used and easy to implement smoothers is presented. The Kernel and the cubic spline smoothers .The comparison is
preformed on a simulated data set. Looking at

Real Estate Cheat Sheet
Cost Approach Formula: Cs – Ds + Vsl = V Value: An object, product or service that: has utility or usefulness, Is scarce, Is desired by people (is in
demand),Is transferable from one person to anotherLand Appraisal Methods: Market or Direct Sales Comparison, Allocation, Abstraction,
Development, Land ResidualWhich Method to Use? 1)Market Method is considered most reliable, but not practical if lot sales are not occurring in a
neighborhood.(2)Allocation Method is quick and easy, but only reliable if based on ample, recent data.(3)Abstraction Method is the one you will use
most often.(4)Development Method is a special case...appropriate for unimproved land.(5)Land Residual Method uses Income Method, leads to
circular reasoning.... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The Cap rate is simply the property operating earnings divided by the property asset or value. Reconciliation, Defined The process of reducing a
range of value indications into an appropriate conclusion for that analysis. Having applied different valuation methods, the appraiser makes a
determination of the single best supportable estimate of value. It is NOT an average of the valuation methods, nor a narrowing of the values derived
from each method (unless errors are detected). Approach Relevance: Owner Occupied => Downplay Income Approach. Unique Property =>
Downplay Cost Approach. Income Properties => Downplay Cost Approach (unless buildings are new) Zipf's Law: City Population = Largest City's
Population Г· Rank. City Pattern: Generally, cities of similar size are not located near each other. Factors Underlying City Patterns, Economies of Scale
– Cheaper to produce goods in large volume, Economies of Agglomeration – Cost advantages to colocating production factors, Positive Locational
Externalities – "piggyback" benefits, Factors that make centralization less productive or more costly:, Congestion, Pollution, Crime, Transportation
costs CPT: Central Place Theory: To reduce spatial friction, places of similar size, rank or function will tend to be evenly spaced across a featureless
plain. City–Economy Concepts: Economic Base: (1) Local production for local consumption and export, (2) Investment returns, (3) Government
transfers. Export Base

Unit 4 Basic Concepts
Basic Concepts and Principles in Psychology
Ashley McWilliams
Kaplan University
PS124 – Unit 3 Assignment
11/25/2017
1.Identify the study (video) you selected.
в—ЏLittle Albert
в—ЏASCH Conformity Experiments
в—ЏHarlow's Monkey Experiments
в—ЏBandura's Bobo Doll
в—ЏRobber's Cave Experiment
Little Albert was a 9–Month–old infant who was tested to see what his reactions to various stimuli would be. He was shown various items that he was
already familiar to such as a white rat, a rabbit, a monkey and various other things. Albert was described as "on the whole stolid and unemotional" and
showed no fear to any other the stimuli. What did startle him and cause him to be afraid was if a hammer was struck again a bar behind his head.
This is what would cause him to burst into tears. Albert developed phobias of objects that shared some of the same characteristics of the rat, and this
process is known as generalization. This study shows that classical conditioning can cause phobias.
2. Describe what this study demonstrated about human behavior and mental processes using the results of the study along with information you have
learned in Units 1–3.
In this study it demonstrated different human behaviors and mental processes. Phobias are an irrational fear, a fear that is out of proportion to the
danger. When a child has a phobia or a fear of some sort, they will show different behaviors then they would to anything else. This could also mess with
their mental

The Basic Concepts Of The Game
Part 1
Section 1: The basic concepts of the game
Baseball is a team sport played over a special field with play divided into periods called innings. Each of these innings is further separated into two
halves; the "top" and the "bottom" of the innings. Points in baseball are scored by the team on offense hitting the thrown ball and running around the
four bases back to the starting position to score. But, if the runner is tagged with the baseball by one the players on defense before completing the run,
that runner is out. After three outs, the inning moves from the top to the bottom or from the bottom of one inning to the top of the next and the teams
switch sides.
During a half inning the entire defensive ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Section 2: The layout of the field
The baseball field, (also sometimes referred to as the diamond), is a specially designed field made of two basic parts; the infield and the outfield. The
infield is where most of the action happens. It is defined by four bases at each corner of the diamond–shaped infield set into the ground and evenly
spaced apart. In Professional and high school leagues the bases are 90 feet apart from each other. The infield is mainly made of dirt except for a
lake of grass in the middle with an island of dirt in the middle called the pitcher's mound. The pitcher's mound is 60.5 feet from home plate in
professional and high school level play. The batter stands at a special plate called home plate where the pitch will be thrown to from the pitcher's
mound. The hitter will attempt to hit the ball with his bat and put the ball into play. There are chalk–painted rectangles on either side of home plate that
defines where the batter stands. In which box the batter stands in depends on if he/she is left–handed or right–handed. There is another painted box
behind home plate that defines where the catcher crouches to catch the ball if the batter misses.
Looking at the diagram, hopefully you notice that there are two long white lines labelled as foul lines. The foul lines define the sides of the infield
and the outfield. If any ball is hit and it goes to the right of the first–base–side foul line or if it goes

A Summary and Technical Analysis of the Under Armour, Inc....
Abstract
Under Amour, Inc. is a performance based apparel company that is quickly growing to become one of the top companies in the industry. They are
known for high–quality, innovative products that are giving athletes a competitive advantage. This paper describes the history of the company, analyzes
the company's performance and required rate of return, discusses the projected future growth rate of earning, values the company, and provides a
recommendation to buy stock at the estimated price target of Keywords: stock analysis, return on equity, projected future growth rate, required rate of
return, intrinsic value A Summary and Technical Analysis of the Under Armour, Inc. (UA) Stock on theNew York Stock ExchangeUnder ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
Although Under Armour has done well over the past few years, they face though competition from top players like Nike and Adidas. These larger
companies have more resources and a greater presence in the international market. There is also a threat of new entrants, and since UA does not hold
patents for its products, new and existing companies may begin to compete for a spot in the performance apparel market. Other threats include the
company's limited bargaining power (resulting from their diverse supplier base) and the leverage held by wholesale customers. Fortunately, UA does
have the advantage of strong brand recognition, a reputation for innovative and high–quality products, and testimonials of world–renowned athletes,
minimizing the threat of substitute products. Although the company was established more than fifteen years ago, Under Armour, Inc. continues to be
in the growth phase of its life cycle. Revenues this quarter increased almost 23% year over year, and the Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) for
the last five years is about 24%. This is higher than the average quarterly revenue growth (Y/Y) of 8% for the apparel industry, and places UA above
eight percent of its competitors. UA has also outperformed most of its competitors in quarterly Earnings Per Share (EPS) growth. With an EPS Growth
(Qtrly YoY) of 166.7%, the company is ranked 5th of the 152 in the textile–apparel industry, as reported by Yahoo Finance. This past quarter the

Basic Concept on Fractions
Basic Concepts on Fraction
Fraction – is defined as a part of a whole. In some other books, it is defined as a number written in the form ab , where "a" and "b" are numbers and "b"
is not equal to zero.
Basic Parts of a Fraction
* Numerator – the number above tells how many parts are taken.
* Denominator – the number below tells how many equal parts the whole is divided.
* Fraction bar – line that separates the two numbers. It also indicates division.
There are several kinds of fraction and they are grouped into two: INDIVIDUAL FRACTIONS and GROUP FRACTIONS Individual Fractions are
taken as one. They are–
1. Proper Fraction– a fraction whose numerator is less than the denominator
Examples:34 , 78 , 57 ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Furthermore, arranging dissimilar fractions is just the same as similar fractions but, we have to make the fractions similar first before arranging them.
Take note that in ordering dissimilar fractions; always use the given set of fractions.
Examples:Arrange the following from least to greatest.
49 , 79 , 29 , 89 , 5929 , 49 , 59 , 79 , 89
Arranging the

Basics And Concepts Of Maths
#–––import modules––– import turtle import random import time import os import math #––––––create turtle objects––––– sc = turtle.Screen()
t=turtle.Turtle() player=turtle.Turtle() e=turtle.Turtle() bullet=turtle.Turtle() bullet1=turtle.Turtle() s=turtle.Turtle() point=turtle.Turtle()
life=turtle.Turtle() e_weapon=turtle.Turtle() #––––––define variables–––––– e_weapon_speed=15 e_weapon_state=1 shipspeed=16 bulletspeed=30
bulletspeed1=30 playerspeed=40 enemyspeed=7 score=0 bulletstate=True bulletstate1=True enemies=[] alist=[] blist=[] plist=[1,2,3] eneship=[]
#–––––––define list for enemy positios––––––––––... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
ition form posix list #print("x:",x) #––––to remove overriding enemy position––––––– if x in alist: # check it is already in alist or not if yes then
x=random.choice(posix) # choice again #print("x1:",x) else: alist.append(x) # otherwise add that number to alist #print("alist",alist)
y=random.choice(posiy) # select y position if y in blist: y=random.choice(posiy) else: blist.append(y) #print("blist",blist) enemy.setposition(x,y) # set
enemy position else: print("enter valied number") ene(e) #––––––––––create enemy ship––––––– def ene_ship(s): for i in range(0,1):
eneship.append(turtle.Turtle()) for ship in eneship: ship.shape("player.gif") ship.penup() ship.speed(0) ship.setposition(0,290) # set ship at x=0 and
y=290 position #––––––create player 1st weapon as bullet–––––––– def player_weapon(bullet): bullet.color("green") #give color for bullet

Basic Concepts For Economic Reasoning

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Basic Concepts For Economic Reasoning