Reality Is Merely an Illusion Created by the Brain and Body

Reality Is An Illusion Created By The Brain And Body Essay
Reality is Merely an Illusion Created by the Brain and Body
Jayson Duffy
Victory Charter School
Abstract
Reality is an illusion. This paper details the different ways that the brain and body integrate sensory information into our perception of reality. Each
sense contributes to our personal realities and add to the illusion of what is and is not real. Each sense gathers and begins integration of sensory
information to be sent to the brain. The brain contains specialized areas designed for the integration of specific pieces of information into our
understanding of reality. Every part of the brain works together to complete the experience we know as reality. These integrations can also create
sensations that seem real and deceive us. These sensations are just as real to us even though they may not truly be "real." These false sensations, along
with other sensations, contribute to our personal realities.
"Reality is merely an illusion." This quote by Albert Einstein has been widely perpetuated and in many cases dismissed as nonsensical speculation;
however, very few realize just how accurate this statement is. Fred Lay, a man who has had his foot and lower leg amputated, still feels excruciating
pain and other sensations in the foot. Even though the foot no longer exists, he still perceives it as being real and part of his body (Annenberg
Learner, n.d.). Reality is not nearly as tangible as most have come to believe; rather, it is a fabrication that exists solely within any
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

Reflection Of Chemistry
"Dr. Adriana, we need 70 mL of ethanol," I said confidently after computing the dilution factor needed for an immunohistochemistry experiment.
This was my first time using the molarity formula in real life. When I first learned this formula, it had little significance because I never had to use
it. That was the way most things were to me regarding science; I was bombarded with formulas and equations to memorize with no intention of
actually using them. While I was told that I was "good" at chemistry and was able to work hard and do well in the class, it was not until I sat in a real
medical research laboratory that my passion for chemistry began. It was quite the adjustment for me; the answers to my questions could not be found
in a book. I soon realized that memorizing formulas would not suffice; I needed a way to visualize intricate ideas on the subatomic level. But this is
what made me love the experience – the challenge. Everything we did used chemistry concepts but took it a step further. The goal was not to get the
"right" answer; with each step we were closer to a solution for patients struggling with cancer. This topic hit home to me because it felt as though I
was personally leave a touch on lives of each person I knew who the disease had affected. Through working for a purpose greater than just myself, I
found a new love for chemistry.
Chemistry is a very challenging field of study and would provide the obstacles needed for me to grow as a student and young adult.

Assignment : Bioassay Of Androgenic Hormones
Faculty of Pharmacy
Pharmacology Department
Assignment Topic: Bioassay of androgenic hormones
Course Title: Bioassay
Course Code: PO411
Lab Group: A1
Submitted to: Dr Mona
Prepared by: Rahma Ahmed Ahmed– 141191
Due date: 10–27–2016
– Fall 2016 –
Androgen Bioassays
Introduction:
During the recent decades, athletes were trying to enhance their performance by using exogenous hormones such as; androgens, erythropoietin and
growth hormone.
The most potent form of sports steroids is the Androgens and it is the most common type of steroids that enhances the performance that can be detected
in screening tests.
Detection of androgens is through urine screening to detect even trace amounts of androgens.
Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) is a highly specific and sensitive method for detection of steroids in the screening urine samples.
In a trial to pass the screening methods, designer androgens was created with different chemical structures to known androgens so it cannot be easily
detected by GC–MS. Designer androgens can be detected by androgen bioassays because they can activate the androgen receptor (AR).
Therefore, androgen bioassays maybe a suitable tool for screening of biological samples suspected to contain an androgen.
.
Receptor binding assays:
Principle: The ligand competes for binding to AR.
Receptor binding assays have been developed to measure compounds, including hormones, that are able to bind specifically to receptors.

Procedure: the

What Is Sleep Paralysis
SLEEP PARALYSIS RESEARCH PAPER
Sleep paralysis has a history that stretches over centuries, with a vast array of people experiencing it. Some believe they have been visited by demons,
or aliens in the night and attribute such events to witchcraft or Satanism. There are references to folklore from every nation throughout history. The
Nightmare, is a painting by Henry Fuselli that dates to 1781, and depicts a chilling sleep paralysis incidence. In this painting, a malicious spirit sits on
a man's chest while the victim lies there limp and unable to fight back. The cultural and spiritual implications of this phenomena is unique amongst
neurological ailments. Isolated sleep paralysis (ISP) is the inability to move or talk during the transition between sleep and wakefulness, accompanied
by auditory and visual hallucinations that are often extremely hostile. These hallucinations can include a wicked existence in the room, an impression
of being touched, or hearing voices in the room. Some people see faces at the bedside. This is typically accompanied by a perceived breathlessness.
Patients describe the experience as petrifying. Episodes tend to be more recurrent when sleeping in the supine position. ISP usually happens when ...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Some people have entered sleep paralysis directly from lucid dreaming or entered lucid dreaming from a state of sleep paralysis. The indications are
that people who are experiencing both patterns are also undergoing a greater dissociative experience in daily life. In lucid dreaming the dreamer is
aware that they are dreaming and is therefore able to control the dream. These dreams are characterized by increased insight, and even access to
waking memories. This dissociate experience is generally positive and can leave the dreamer feeling blissful. These are directly inverted from the
intruder and incubus hallucinations of ISP (Denis & Poerio,

Multiple Elements Of Patient Management
In this case study all five elements of patient management are integrated to obtain best possible results for the patient. To begin with, the imaging
studies were helpful for the therapist to rule out major spinal degenerative condition and associated compressions. Physical therapist began the patient
management by adequately asking the work history, functional tests, balance activities including single leg standing and special orthopedic tests in an
effort to identify the cause of pain. After reaching a therapy diagnosis, the clinician worked diligently towards improving the overall spinal mobility and
then strengthening to ease the symptoms experienced by the patient prior to the start of intervention.
2. Give an example of ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Interventions based on initial emphasis on obtaining spinal mobility and hip musculature flexibility helped the patient and helped therapist o gain more
confidence to establish a good prognosis. After addressing the restriction issued the therapist wisely chose remaining visits to give more focus on
strengthening and conditioning of patient o make him able to get back to routine work. Also, the article suggested that the patient understood and
followed the strengthening exercises and self–stretching techniques even after getting discharged form therapy.
3. Compare and contrast somatic and visceral pain. (2pts)
Both somatic and visceral pain are nociceptive pains.
Somatic PainVisceral Pain
–Mostly musculoskeletal pain found in tissue such as skin and muscles as well as in joints, bones and ligaments.
–Sharp pain localized in a specific area of injury with associated swelling or bleeding.
–Somatic pain is usually aggravated by activity and relieved by rest
– Somatic pain can be either superficial or deep depends upon the tissue affected
–Somatic pain usually treated well with over–the–counter medications such as NSAIDs or other analgesics.
–Visceral pain comes as referred pain from the internal organs such as the stomach,

Lysergic Acid Diethlyamide Essays
Lysergic Acid Diethlyamide The psychedelic effects of d–Lysergic Acid Diethylamide–25 (LSD) were discovered by Dr. Albert Hoffman by accident in
1938. In the 1950s and 1960s, LSD was used by psychiatrists for analytic psychotherapy. It was thought that the administration of LSD could aid the
patient in releasing repressed material. It was also suggested that psychiatrists themselves might develop more insight into the pathology of a diseased
mind through self experimentation. 1,2 During the late 60s, LSD became popular as a recreational drug. While it has been suggested that recreational
use of the drug has dropped, a recent report on CNN claimed that 4.4% of 8th graders have tried it. LSD is considered to be one of, if not the, most...
Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
A Brief Foray Into Philosophy and the Cognitive Sciences Modern physics is divided by two descriptions of the universe: the theory of relativity
and quantum mechanics. Many physicists have faith that at some point a "Grand Unified Theory" will be developed which will provide a unified
description of the universe from subatomic particles to the movement of the planets. Like in physics, the cognitive sciences can describe the brain at
different levels of abstraction. For example, neurobiologists study brain function at the level of neurons while psychologists look for the laws
describing behavior and cognitive mechanisms. Also like in physics, many in these fields believe that it is possible that one day we will be able to
understand complicated behaviors in terms of neuronal mechanisms. Others believe that this unification isn't possible even in theory because there is
some metaphysical quality to consciousness that transcends neural firing patterns. Even if consciousness can't be described by a "Grand Unified
Theory" of the cognitive sciences, it is apparent that many of our cognitive mechanisms and behaviors can. While research on the level of neurons and
psychological mechanisms is fairly well developed, the area in between these is rather murky. Some progress has been made however. Cognitive
scientists have been able to associate

Literary Analysis Of Their Eyes Were Watching God
Literary Analysis Paper #4
Their Eyes Were Watching God
Abid Ahmad
November 15, 2017
Our emotions are the single most human characteristics that we possess, making them nearly impossible to encapsulate. The oppression that some of
us might face may seem so great that a limitless lexicon still won't suffice in order to convey our feelings. Similarly, the eternal feeling of love, an
intangible force that drives many of us in our actions sometimes will never receive the justice it deserves through concrete diction. Rather, sometimes
the only way to convey such internal feelings is by externalizing it in our environment. Zora Neil Hurston does this in her novel Their Eyes Were
Watching God. She does this on every level, ranging from very broad and general symbols that can be tweaked to different situations, to very specific
images that convey an in depth and singular message. This range allows Hurston to work her metaphors through each situation on almost every
sentence, while still flooding the novel with sensory detail. This integration between symbolism and nature is essential in bringing the book to life.
Using ever–lasting images of the sun, trees, and animals as analogies allow the reader to fully visualize the beauty in the ambience of Hurston's novel.
These extended metaphors serve the dual purpose of fascinating imagery, while adding to the diverse and dynamic tone of the book. Hurston primarily
employed her metaphors through timeless and broad images such as the

Ionotropic Receptors Research Paper
Ionotropic receptors is a binding site that opens when an ion attaches to the binding site. The ionotropic receptor is also a direct method to the ion
channels. Ionotropic receptors has a channel where molecules move in and out of the ion channel. The ions that goes into the ion channel are made out
of sodium which cause the membrane to become small.
Metabotropic receptors is receptor that is a part of the binding site of a neurotransmitter. Metabotropic is indirect and complex method to the ion
channels. Metabotropic receptor process is also different from the inotropic receptor. When the ion channel is open the molecule move to the ion
channel then molecule attaches to the metabotropic receptor and the ion channel closes.
Autonomic nervous system is a part of the different molecules in the body such as the smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, gladder bladder, stomach, and
urinary bladder. The neurophysiology is showing the functions, the autonomic nervous system is showing how this works through the body. There are
two branches that are include in the autonomic nervous system. Those branches are called the sympathetic and parasympathetic branches. ... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
The parasympathetic branch uses activity that is in the body which stores energy. For example, when you eat something your saliva helps you to
break down your food and when we swallow our food the food goes into our stomach the fluid in our stomach helps to break down the food we eat
which gives us energy and is stored in our bodies. In this example, salvation is an example of one of the activities that is in our book. The
parasympathetic nervous system are located in the cranial nerves and the spinal

Factors That Affect The Rate Of The Pregnancy
OT plays a major role in the initiation of labor particularly during the expulsive phase by stimulating prostaglandin release in species, specifically in
the uterine epithelium. Blanks and Thornton (2003) study revealed that secretion of oxytocin is at its maximum level during fetal delivery of pups but
the amount of OT released during expulsion of the pups varies among species. According to them, oxytocin is at its peak at the time of delivery of the
first fetus in rabbit, and throughout labor with greater pulses overlapping with pup's expulsion in rats. Variations in oxytocin level are also seen during
the pregnancy and labor in humans. According to Blanks and Thornton (2003) several discrepancies are present when in OT is measured in ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This suggests that OT is critical for the ejection of milk but not parturition. Additionally, after injecting OT on OT null mice and wild type mice, the
start of premature labor within 24hrs was observed at high concentrations of OT in both wild and null mice (Blanks & Thornton, 2003). With that in
mind, abnormal modification of OT action does influence the start of labor. In conclusion, they put forward the idea that OTreceptor in mice is mostly
invested in the timing for the initiation of labor. Most importantly, the OT receptor is essential for normal labor because those receptors are found in
abundance in uterine epithelium during late pregnancy promoting contractile effects. Along with those findings, female rats that are undergone a
knockout of OT, showed a decreased in maternal care of their pups but displayed a higher level of aggression (Bales & Perkeybile, 2012).
Social rearing conditions plays a role in the binding of OT. Prairie voles, when differently handled by experimenters a week after being born resulted
in more OTR binding (Bales et al 2011). When changing the animal's cages, experimenters carried the parent prairies vole by the scruff of the neck
and others were not touched. Those females that had careful attention and handling by the experimenters displayed an increase in OTR binding. The
same results were reported in males. They concluded that the type of maintenance that pups received in early days after being born does affect

Volunteering At Chartwell Deerview Crossing
Volunteering at a retirement residence was a rewarding experience. I was able to gain useful and professional experience in terms of working with
people and building strong relationships while being reminded of the positive difference that I was making while volunteering. Chartwell Deerview
Crossing is a wonderful, inclusive place for the residents to spend their days. Their mission statement "making peoples lives better" is an
understatement as to what they provide for their residents, volunteers, and staff. They provide many activities to encourage comfort and the most care
in their facility. During my experience, I was able to recognize and incorporate course concepts learned from 1BB3. Throughout this essay, I will be
discussing my... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In relation to course content, the literature on sensory changes states that "sight has the greatest effect on a persons' ability to function in later life"
(Novak, Campbell, and Northcott, 2013, p. 97). I find that this definition promotes an aggressive tone in relation to my experience. As I am sure it
does have an effect on many more things in Helens life, her active wellbeing shows that it has not stopped her from functioning. Although she proved
to show that assistance was needed to help with the game, she was still a functioning individual, especially since she was able to figure out the area
where the letter was on the card. In addition to this experience, Helen proved to show strong episodic memory. Episodic memory can be defined as a
memory of past events that are acquired from specific situations (Novak, et al, 2013). The reason I argue that Helen has strong episodic memory is
because of her past interest in Bingo. She was able to bring her interest forward to assist her in the particular situation. This situation and the content
provided has helped change my assumptions about sensory changes in old age. Originally before taking this course, I would have agreed with the idea
that "losing eyesight has the greatest effect on a persons' ability to function in later life" (Novak, et al, 2013, p. 97). To many outsiders, it does seem
like a sense that would be hard to go without. After my

Effects Of Steroid Hormones And Neuropeptides On Social...
Acephalia
A Review of the Effects of Steroid Hormones and Neuropeptides on Social–Emotional Behavior
Bos, Peter A., Panksepp, Jaak, BluthГ©, Rose–Marie, & van Honk, Jack (2011). Acute effects of steroid hormones and neuropeptides on human
social–emotional behavior: A review of single administration studies. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 33 (2012) 17–35.
1. Introduction/Background Information The discovery of hormones and their function has been relatively recent. The term was first coined by
Professor Earnest Starling in 1905. He derived the word from the Greek meaning "to arouse or excite." However, the idea of the role hormones could
be traced back as far as ancient Greece. Though Hippocrates' theory on humors has been refuted, the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The neuro–developmental effects of these chemicals are comparatively well–known, while their impact on human conduct has yet to be fully
comprehended.
2. Goals of the study The main goal of this study was to review all of the placebo–controlled single hormone administration studies addressing human
social–emotional behavior, involving the peptides oxytocin and vasopressin, and the steroids testosterone and estradiol. This research gives insight into
the underlying neural mechanisms and also demonstrates substantial hormonal control over human behavior. After reviewing and discussing the
placebo–controlled studies, they proposed a theoretical model that synthesized detailed knowledge of neuroendocrinology of social–emotional behavior
in animals, as–well–as the recently gained data on humans. The study of emotional and behavioral disorders have become more popular in the last
twenty years. Characteristics of these irregularities include: learning disabilities that are not explainable by either sensory, health, or intellectual factors;
persistently inappropriate feelings and conduct; and/or chronic unhappiness or depression (gadoe.org). The authors of this study thoroughly analyzed
the underlying neural mechanisms of supplemental hormones and how they affect participants as opposed to using a placebo. Research into human
behavior as it relates to neuroendocrinology will be crucial to future generations and their interrelations.
3. Methods and

The Discovery Of Hormones And Their Function
be traced back as far as ancient Greece. Though Hippocrates' theory on humors has been refuted, the concept of "bodily fluids," or in this case, the
amount of hormones circulating in the blood directly affecting temperament and emotions are related. Scientists continue to research the relevance of
hormones, as well as neuropeptides on human behavior. Amazingly, throughout evolutionary history, both neuropeptides and steroid hormones were
able to preserve ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This research gives insight into the underlying neural mechanisms and also demonstrates substantial hormonal control over human behavior. After
reviewing and discussing the placebo–controlled studies, they proposed a theoretical model that synthesized detailed knowledge of neuroendocrinology
of social–emotional behavior in animals, as–well–as the recently gained data on humans. The study of emotional and behavioral disorders have become
more popular in the last twenty years. Characteristics of these irregularities include: learning disabilities that are not explainable by either sensory,
health, or intellectual factors; persistently inappropriate feelings and conduct; and/or chronic unhappiness or depression (gadoe.org). The authors of
this study thoroughly analyzed the underlying neural mechanisms of supplemental hormones and how they affect participants as opposed to using a
placebo. Research into human behavior as it relates to neuroendocrinology will be crucial to future generations and their interrelations.
3. Methods and Results For the purpose of this paper, the authors did not do their own research. They used a collection of studies that looked at
behaviors and their specific connections to hormones and neuropeptides. The first studies the authors reviewed attempted to make a connection
between evolution and naturally occurring hormones. This portion of the paper, paragraph 2,

Mechanisms of Axon Guidance
Axons are sensitive and their respond depend on the local environment. When the tectum is removed, retinal axons grow toward the missing tissue,
demonstrating that optic axons utilize these neighbourhood signals as opposed to a long–run diffusible attractant from the tectum as they grow along
the optic tract (Taylor, 1990). In the event of a small piece of the optic tract neuroepithelium is turned 90В° preceding the axons enter it, then they
become misoriented when they enter the pivoted transplant (Harris, 1989) and correct their course of growth once they exit. These results confirm that
the neuroepithelium contains local information to which growing axons respond and that they are not simply following gradients of attractants
released by their targets (Sanes et al., 2012). Growth cone filopodia are long, motile, and covered with receptors, also have a very high surface to
volume ratio, which can help convert membrane signals into large changes in intracellular messengers such as calcium. Filopodia can show localized
transient elevations of intracellular calcium and these transients reduce filopodial motility (Sanes et al., 2012). Calcium transients can be directly
artificially activated in growth cone filopodia by loading neurons with a calcium caging agent that releases calcium upon stimulation with a pulse of
light (Gomez et al., 2001). Experiments in which calcium is uncaged on one side of a growth cone generally cause the growth cone to turn toward the
side that has

Symptoms And Diagnosis Of Schizophrenia
Schizophrenia is one of the most severe psychiatric disorders that affects both male and females, respectively. This illness is characterized by gradual
increase in changes of perception, thinking, social activities, speech, feelings, and motivations. Many studies have shown that there is a clear difference
in outcome between genders including symptom severity, age–at–onset and functional outcome (as cited in Gogos, Kwek and van den Buuse, 2011, p.
213). For example, schizophrenia occurs on average 1.5–4.5 earlier in men compared to women. Further evidence suggests that women who have a
psychiatric disorder such as schizophrenia may have various levels of estrogen; the most severe phase of the disorder will be when there is low level of
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
PPI is an indicator sensomotoric reflecting the ability of the central nervous system to filter sensory information and is one of the best established
translational paradigms that allows measuring sensorimotor gating in both humans and rodents (Labouesse, Langhans and Meyer, 2015).
There have been many studies conducted on learning the causes of schizophrenia and its treatments. Unfortunately, the treatments for complete
recovery from this disorder still remain unsolved. Some studies focused on a general context in terms of a role of sex hormones in schizophrenia,
other studies focused on a specific state such as cognition and role of hormones in schizophrenia. The aim of this paper is to further analyze of the role
of sex steroid hormones in schizophrenia in animal models and human studies, compare different methodologies and possible treatments. Dopamine,
which plays a significant role in schizophrenia, regulates sensorimotor filtration information in rodents and in humans as well. These findings fit the
description of dopamine hypothetical mechanisms of disease, possibly being associated with the processes of fragmentation and sensory cognitive
overload that may be involved in the pathology of schizophrenia (Gogos, Kwek and van den Buuse, 2011). There are many research studies that focus
on the effects of estrogen and testosterone administration in schizophrenia. For

Ethanol Interactions with Receptors
Introduction
Ethanol, the alcohol found in alcoholic beverages, has a wide range of effects. Unlike many drugs, ethanol does not have a specific area of the brain in
which it exerts its effects. For this reason, ethanol has a large diversity of symptoms and varying effects among individuals. In general, it binds with and
alters the function of voltage gated ion channels. Typically ethanol inhibits neurons directly or stimulates the release of inhibitor neurotransmitters.
Ethanol may have undesirable side effects such as deficits in cognitive ability and long–term brain damaged if used frequently.
Ethanol Interactions with Receptors
Ethanol interacts with the several neurochemical systems that play a role in the effects and reinforcing factors during consumption. It is a depressant
that interacts with ion–gated channels in a way that generally decreases brain activity. These interactions either facilitate the channel, opening mostly
Cl–, but also facilitate 5–HT3 receptors that are NA+ and K+ channels, or the interactions inhibit the opening of channels usually NA+, CA+, and K+.
Some of the receptors that it affects include, GABAA, GABAB, NMDA, serotonin, and Dopamine. The GABAergic systems play a major role in the
reinforcing factors of alcohol consumption. Ethanol tends to enhance GABA activity, most likely by increasing GABA release from the neurons.
However, the mechanism is not the same for every GABA receptor, and the exact mechanism may be difficult to determine

What Five Senses What Does It Mean To Sense
What will it mean to sense something? Sensory receptors are focused neurons that answer to specific forms of stimuli. When sensory information is
identified by a sensory receptor, sensation has occurred. For instance, light that comes in the eye causes chemical variations in cells that are present at
the back of the eye. These cells transmit messages, in the form of action potentials, to the central nervous system. The transformation from sensory
stimulus energy to action potential is called as transduction. You have possibly known since elementary school that we have five senses: smell
(olfaction), hearing (audition), vision ,taste (gustation), and touch (somatosensation). It turns out that this concept of five senses is overgeneralized.
We also have asensory system that gives information about balance (the vestibular sense), body situation and movement (proprioception and
kinesthesia), pain (nociception), and temperature (thermoception). ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Absolute threshold denotes to the least amount of stimulus energy that must be existing for the stimulus to be sensed 50% of the time. Another
way to consider about this is by questioning how faint can a light be or how soft can a sound be and still be sensed half of the time. The sensitivity
of our sensory receptors can be pretty astonishing. It has been predicted that on a clear night, the most sensitive sensory cells in the back of the eye
can sense a candle flame 30 miles away Under noiseless situations, the hair cells (the receptor cells of the inner ear) can sense the tick of a clock 20
feet away .It is also conceivable for us to get messages that are existing below the threshold for conscious awareness–these are named as subliminal

Prediction By Komputer Assisted Technology : Lab Analysis
In the materials and methods section; ligand preparation, target protein identification and preparation, molecular descriptors calculation, ADME
(Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism and Excretion) and TOPKAT (Toxicity Prediction by Komputer Assisted Technology) analysis were carried out
according to the previously reported method as briefly stated below.
Ligand preparation
Chemical structures of the ligands i) asperyellone [CID101600052]; ii) asperenone [CID5368642]; iii) hydroasperyellone [CID561143]; iv)
CHEMBL1715716 [CID49859207] and v) CHEMBL2152350 [CID71458428] were downloaded PubMed (www. pubmed.com) database. The ligands
were drawn in ChemBioDraw Ultra 12.0 (www.cambridgesoft.com) and subsequently molecular mechanics (MM2) ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
ADME and TOPKAT analysis
Both ADME and TOPKAT analysis were performed using Discovery StudioВ® 3.1 (Accelrys, San Diego, USA). ADME analysis was performed
using six descriptors such as human intestinal absorption (HIA), aqueous solubility (AS), blood brain barrier (BBB), cytochrome P450 2D6
(CYP2D6), plasma protein binding (PPB) and hepatotoxicity (HT). As for the TOPKAT analysis, five descriptors were used which includes aerobic
biodegradability (AB), Ames mutagenicity (AM), ocular irritancy (OI), skin irritancy (SI), skin sensitization (SS) and oral toxicity (OT) in rat (LD50
in g/Kg of body weight).
Docking studies Docking studies were performed on the protein crystal structures of HMGR, HNE, SQS, tyrosinase and XO obtained from Protein Data
Bank (PDB) using the CDOCKER protocol under the protein–ligand interaction section in Discovery StudioВ® 3.1 (Accelrys, San Diego, USA). In
general, CDOCKER is a grid–based molecular docking method that employs CHARMM force fields. A protein was firstly held rigid while the ligands
were allowed to flex during the refinement.

Substance Abuse Within Correctional Setting
Substance Abuse in Correctional Setting Assessment psychology has examined individuals who are criminal offenders who were evaluated to
determine their personalities to which they have a long history with. Approximately well over a century ago, MГјnsterberg, 1908, Vaccaro & Hogan,
2004 who are all psychologists has managed a improved study on criminal offenders that will allow us all to have an ambiguous understanding of how
the process of his research in reference to the criminal offenders testimony in court cases. In the 20th century the personality assessment was
established, which was generally exercised to govern a component for personality in criminals (Symonds, 1934). During court cases in 1942 adults and
juveniles were introduced to the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) which was disclosed that same year. Psychologists Archer,
Stredny, & Zoby, (2006); Archer, Buffington
–Vollum, Stredny, and Handel (2006); Borum and Grisso (1995); and Lally (2003) was flabbergasted to
find how accurate the MMPI–2 presented itself, which was ultimately the most universally piece of equipment acknowledged and used as evidence for
criminals, that calculated their personalities in forensic assessments. The MMPI was authenticated well in the 70's which everyone employed
extensively as solid foundation in correctional settings as well as the use in forensic psychologists. Currently the use of assessments were for people
who were under

The Test Of Memory, Sensory, Human Emotion And Languages
Neuropsychological Test The brain has elegant control over many many functions of the body including the control of movement, memory, sensory,
human emotion and languages. As a result, any investigation of conduct must be customized to the specific functions under scrutiny. Consider the
examination of memory. Individuals with harm to the transient projections regularly grumble of memory unsettling influence. Anyhow memory is not
a solitary capacity. We have memory for occasions, hues, names, places, and engine aptitudes, among different classes, and every must be measured
independently. It would be uncommon to be sure for somebody to be impeded in just for ms of memory. One of the neuropsychological test that is
used is the Corsi block test. This test requires the participant observe the researcher tap on a series of blocks, and repeat the sequence from memory. In
the text Kolb and Whishaw (2014) states: The Corsi block–tapping test requires participants to observe an experimenter tap a sequence of
blocks––blocks 4–6–1–8–3, for instance. The task is to repeat the sequence correctly. Note that the subject does not see numbers on the blocks but
rather must remember the location of the blocks tapped. This test provides the researcher with a measure of the participants short–term recall of
position or block span. The test can be made more difficult by deciding the greatest span of an individual and after that including one. By definition,
the member will fall flat on the

My Reflection Of Writing
As an English 100 student, I have learned that I am not as good at writing as I thought I was. As the year has progressed, the assignments seem to
have become more tedious. I have also not taken the necessary steps to create a good essay as I did on my first few assignments. In my first essay, I
carefully planned my essay and made sure that I actually understood what was being asked of me. As the essays were assigned in rapid succession, I
became more careless. Due to this, my essay scores have dropped significantly. My first essay assigned in English 100 was, MICKY D. This essay is
an observational essay that explained how my workplace, McDonald's, is considered a discourse community. My initial grade on this essay was a 90%.
The next assigned essay was a literary narrative essay called "How I Got These Scars." This essay was about me learning how to ride my first "big kid
bike". This essay was very difficult because I was having trouble remembering my past experience of learning how to ride a bike. The memories were
very vague and it is difficult for me to be creative enough to add fictitious statements to the essay. The grade for this essay was an 89% before
revisions. My final essay was over an informative essay called, The Graft. The Graft is about my experiences with the processes that lead up to me
getting my knee cartilage graft. This essay was poorly executed which lead to an initial grade of 73%. My grades have significantly dropped due to a
decrease in effort and

Writing Poetry : Elementary, General English, An Urban...
1.Context: 12th grade, general English, in an urban setting with the student population totaling around 2,000.
2.Broad, Lifelong Goal/s & Rationale:
Using poetry in the classroom is a great way to build classroom community among the students and teacher.
Writing poetry is a great way to deal with stress and emotions using these skills, students can write poetry to help them make sense of their emotions and
feelings.
3.Specific Daily Objective:
Today students will learn how to write poetry that uses real life experiences and real life events interwoven together effectively.
Students will learn how to incorporate specific details and sensory language in their writing.
4. Common Core Standards:
CCSS.ELA–LITERACY.W.11
–12.3.D
Use precise words and phrases, telling details, and sensory language to convey a vivid picture of the experiences, events, setting, and/or characters.
5.Assessment and/or Outcomes:
Students will receive (formative assessment) process points for the brainstorming handout.
For the final draft of their poem students will be given a summative assessment based off of the rubric–scoring guide.
6. Bloom's Taxonomy:
Comprehend
Apply
7. Language Requirements:
Tier 2: Determine, Compare, Contrast, Apply, Analyze
Tier 3: Stanza, Line, Verb, Reflect, Code Switching, Home Language, Standard English

8.Materials:
"Raised by Woman" Poem (See Appendix) https://brown.digication.com/MsHawkins/I_Was_Raised_By
Who were you

The Role Of Dreams Essays
Are dreams a source of reliable divination? Generations upon generations seem to have thought so. They incubated dreams by travelling afar, by fasting
and by engaging in all other manners of self deprivation or intoxication. With the exception of this highly dubious role, dreams do seem to have three
important functions:
a. To process repressed emotions (wishes, in Freud's speech) and other mental content which was suppressed and stored in the unconscious.
b. To order, classify and, generally, to pigeonhole conscious experiences of the day or days preceding thedreaming ("day residues"). A partial overlap
with the former function is inevitable: some sensory input is immediately relegated to the darker and dimmer kingdoms of the ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Defences are gradually dismantled and a new, more functional, view of the world is established. This is a painful and frightening process. This
function of the dream is more in line with Jung's view of dreams as "compensatory". The previous three functions are "complementary" and, therefore,
Freudian.
It would seem that we are all constantly engaged in maintenance, in preserving that which exists and inventing new strategies for coping. We are all in
constant psychotherapy, administered by ourselves, day and night. Dreaming is just the awareness of this on–going process and its symbolic content.
We are more susceptible, vulnerable, and open to dialogue while we sleep. The dissonance between how we regard ourselves, and what we really are
and between our model of the world and reality – this dissonance is so enormous that it calls for a (continuous) routine of evaluation, mending and
re–invention. Otherwise, the whole edifice might crumble. The delicate balance between we, the dreamers, and the world might be shattered, leaving
us defenceless and dysfunctional.
To be effective, dreams must come equipped with the key to their interpretation. We all seem to possess an intuitive copy of just such a key, uniquely
tailored to our needs, to our data and to our circumstances. This Areiocritica helps us to decipher the true and motivating meaning of the dialogue. This
is one reason why dreaming is discontinuous: time must be given to interpret and to

bio flashcards
The areas of Michael's brain that were injured during his birth affected his control over his voluntary movements. Which part of the nervous system
distributes motor commands to skeletal muscles?
Somatic nervous system
The somatic nervous system controls the contractions of skeletal muscles and is under voluntary control.
Which principle descending motor pathway provides conscious control over voluntary muscle movements?
Corticospinal pathway
The corticospinal pathway is also called the pyramidal system and provides conscious motor control over skeletal muscles.
Which principle descending motor pathway primarily controls muscle tone and balance? the vestibulospinal tract of the medial pathway
The vestibulospinal tract provides ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
it would lead to a quick sensation of pain it would lead to a slow sensation of cold it would lead to a quick sensation of cold it would lead to a slow
sensation of pain
Axons that decussate between the pyramids of the medulla oblongata belong to the ________ tracts. reticulospinal anterior corticospinal
vestibulospinal lateral corticospinal
Which of these are NOT part of the afferent division of the nervous system?
Cranial nerves I, II, and V
Dorsal roots
Ascending tracts of white matter
Ventral roots
The tract carrying sensations of pressure and pain is the __________.
Fasciculus cuneatus
Spinocerebellar tract
Posterior column tract

Lateral spinothalamic tract
The __________ tract carries information for maintaining balance.
Lateral coticospinal
Rubrospinal
Anterior corticospinal
Vestibulospinal
Which of these is not a property of chemoreceptors?
They trigger visceral reflexes
They are found in carotid bodies
They are interoceptors
They are classed as nociceptors
Identify the type of information that travels along the anterior corticospinal tracts
proprioception to the cerebral cortex pain and crude touch sensations visceral motor commands to smooth muscle motor commands to skeletal muscles
A mechanoreceptor in the papillary layer of the dermis that responds to fine touch is a
Free nerve ending
Ruffini corpuscle
Root hair plexus
Tactile (meissner) sorpuscle

Understanding Stress During Puberty
In this experiment, the author's focused on understanding stress during puberty and the sex–specific differences of the effects on humans through rat
models. As we go through puberty, both male and females have increased levels of sex steroid hormones. In females this causes levels of cortisol to
increase, as well as the probability of developing a mood disorder relating to stress. Past studies have shown that this is because of the plasticity of the
hypothalamic–pituitary– adrenal axis (HPA) axis and the areas of thebrain the regulate mood, such as the amygdala. They supported their previous
claim with an experiment that was done on rats where they were subjected to stressful events, known as juvenile social subjugation (JSS), and ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Autoradiography helps to visualize the CRF1 and CRF2 receptors. The sections of the brain were incubated for 2 hours in a binding chamber that
contained 500 mM Astressin 2B and 500mM CP–154,526. The Astressin 2B helps to visualize the CRF1 receptors, while the CP–154,526 helps to
visualize the CRF2 receptors. The control group of sections of brains was incubated for 2 hours in 0.2nm 125I Sanguine. They were washed then
exposed to Kodak Biomax MR film. Next, they calculated the receptor binding density and background measurements of the lateral dorsal thalamus
and the dorsal striatum. They created heat maps of the brain sections, whose densitometry measurements were close to the mean, using Photoshop.
They performed two–way ANOVA and post hoc Student's t
–tests. They compared between subject with sex and age, as well as the "effects of age within
each sex and sex within each age."
Results
Overall the Basolateral Nucleus of the Amgdala (BLA) was the primary location for the expression of CRF1 binding and the MePV was the
secondary location for binding. CRF2 expression in the MePV was not as intense as that of the CRF1 receptor. The MePD had less expression of
both types of CRF receptor and no expression in the CeA. They found intense expression of CRF2 receptor in the cortical nucleus of the amygdala and
choroid plexus.
Each hemisphere of the brain had no significant difference in the binding of both types of CRF receptors. Figure 2 shows that in the binding

Different Methods Of Communicating Between Cells And Humans
As multicellular organisms became more complex they required a method of communication between cells. Over time several methods of cell–cell
communication developed. There are two main methods of communicating between cells in humans. One is a humoral method that usually involves
hormones or other ligands (molecules that bind to larger molecules) that are released into the blood stream and then cause a response in the target
cell. The other method is by using nerve cells an electrical signal is transferred across a large distance and will then result in a response.
Hormones are proteins whose structure is shaped in order to interact with a cells surface membrane. They are specific to cell surface receptors and
will only trigger a change in cell that has a particular receptor. Because of this the body can communicate with certain types of call selectively as it can
produce a hormone specific to the receptors on that cell group. This is an advantage to a human as it is a complex organism and as a result many types
of cell that require coordinating in different ways. Therefore having different hormones for different signals helps to avoid disorientation of the cells
making the organism more efficient.
Hormones are usually produced in a specific type of cell or gland. For example the hormone insulin is only produced in Beta cells of the islets of
Langerhans in the pancreas, the hormone travels into the blood stream through the capillary network where it's distributed across the

Nursing Case Study
Corrective surgical entry points: Wound recuperating quality is critical in the achievement of restorative surgery. (Lu, Jin and Pang 2006) analyzed the
impinging of FGF2 on coiled repair in 50 female patients who accomplished restorative surgery. Every single surgical entry point were perfect cuts, and
self–controls (another incisional twisted on a similar patient) were utilized. In the treatment amass FGF2 was connected once every day until expulsion
of lines, beginning with the primary postoperative day. Wounds because of laser reemerging were spread with FGF2 twice day by day until the point
that normal de–crustation happened. The control gather was subjected to regular dressing change until expulsion of fastens. The outcome... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
After debridement of the injuries, FGF2 was showered on the injuries and they were sutured the following day. Wound dressings were changed
frequently. The control bunch was dealt with likewise, however without the utilization of FGF2 shower. Mending time was wholly shortened in
subjects with dehiscence measurement 6 cm in estimation or beneath activated with FGF2 comparing with the control assemblage. Interestingly, in
patients with dehiscence measuring 5 cm or more optional suturing was embraced. In this experiment there was no carping comparison in the FGF2
treated assemblage connected with their single control gathering: it is likely that this control gathering's abbreviated recuperating time, contrasted with
the control bunch with dehiscence measuring 5 cm or less, was because of auxiliary suturing. (Why is FGF Not used consistently in today repair
techniques?) Fibroblast development factor 2 (FGF2) is an exceptionally bottomless development factor found inside the peri–cellular network of
articular chondrocytes, however contemplates examining its part have been clashing. The paper announced by Yan and partners in the past issue of
"Arthritis Research and Therapy proposes" that distinctions in reactions to FGF2 are in all probability because of changes to be determined between
the two noteworthy articular types of FGF receptors, FGFR1 and FGFR3. They demonstrate that the

General Cutaneous Sensations
LAB 2
GENERAL CUTANEOUS SENSATIONS
INTRODUCTION
This lab involves the examination of cutaneous receptors. There are four exercises. For this lab, report your observations in a formal report, according
to the formatting prescribed in Lab Report Format.doc which is found on Blackboard under Assignments/Before You Begin.
Equipment needed:
Metal calipers or compass with pencil 2 or more blunt probes (ball point pens or forks with blunt tines) 3 pennies 1 liter ice water in large container 1
liter hot water in large container (make sure it is bearable to the touch) 1 liter room–temperature water in large container Felt–tip markers, blue, red,
and black (not permanent) Stop watch or digital ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Deformation of this tissue results in depolarization of the neuron.
Both light touch and deep pressure are fast–adapting senses. The bulb of connective tissue is involved with adaptation. When deformation of these
receptors first occurs, there is a burst of electrical activity. If the stimulus is sustained, the bulb then mechanically adjusts to it, and allows the sensory
nerve to repolarize. The effect is loss of sensation. As soon as the pattern of deformation changes, the neuron immediately depolarizes again. The overall
effect is to increase sensitivity to changes in the pattern of physical contact (touch) with the environment.
Observations to make:
Look at the photo of a Meissner's corpuscle in the book, and locate the receptor. Observe the nerve fibers within the capsule (bulb). Notice how they
are arranged parallel to the skin surface. Describe briefly –
Look at the photo of a Pacinian corpuscle. Notice the onion–like bulb of connective tissue. Describe briefly –
EXERCISE 2: LOCATION & DENSITY OF CUTANEOUS RECEPTORS

PART A: TOUCH RECEPTOR DENSITY
The density of touch receptors varies with location on the body. The fingertips, toes, and lips have the greatest density. These areas of the body have
the highest tactile resolution: the ability to discriminate between one and two points of stimulation.
You will use a two–point discrimination test to compare tactile resolution (and receptor density) on various parts of your body. An estheiometer is

Remifentanil: A Synthetic Opioid Analysis
Remifentanil (marketed as Ultiva) is a synthetic opioid analgesic that selectively binds Ој receptors. Unlike other opioid compounds, remifentanil is not
metabolised by the liver but is subjected to widespread chemical hydrolysis catalysed by non–specific esterases circulating in blood and found in tissue
(Navapurkar et al. 1998) (Said et al. 2011) (Haider et al. 1996). This makes it suitable to administer to patients who have some degree of organ
dysfunction (such as liver disease or renal impairment) that are commonly found in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) setting (Pitsiu et al. 2004)
(Dershwitz et al. 1996). Hydrolysis at the methyl ester located on the N–acyl moiety (Figure 1) occurs within minutes, making remifentanil an
ultra–short acting opioid (onset of action occurring around one... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
(2000), where high (50 Ојg/mL) and low (5 Ојg/mL) concentrations of remifentanil were added to 10 mg/mL propofol. The point at which remifentanil
or propofol stability was deemed unsuitable was when 90% of its original concentration remained (Stewart et al. 2000). It was found that the high
remifentanil concentration remained stable for longer, and that the mixture had greater stability when stored in the syringes. A recent study conducted
by the authors observed the effect of mixing a range of remifentanil concentrations (10 – 50 Ојg/mL) in a stable 10 mg/mL of propofol in glass over 24
hours, as well as the effect of reconstituting remifentanil in a 0.9% saline solution in order to decrease pH. The results of this investigation found that a
remifentanil concentration of 2 Ојg/mL in 10 mg/mL of propofol was the most stable, and that reconstituting remifentanil with 0.9% saline solution did
have a significant positive effect on the degradation of

The Role of P2X Receptors in Nociception
Introduction
Nociception is the sensation of pain which is normally a warning signal to brain in respond to a potential hazard. Generally noxious stimulations are
detected by specialised high–threshold sensory neurons, which are refer to nociceptors. The signals are then transferred to an electrical potential and
conducted to the brain via spinal cord. However sometimes abnormal nociception can lead to a moderate to severe pain although a noxious stimulus is
missing. This kind of pain are usually trigger by nerve injury, while the pain sensation remains after the tissue had been healed. Although the
prevalence of neuropathic pain is not significant, about 7% to 8% of the European population is affected, and about 5% are suffering severe pain
(Torrance et al., 2006; Bouhassira et al., 2008). Normally the neuropathic pain is induced by injury of somatosensory nerves, and the pain remains after
the tissue being healed. It can bring abnormal nociception while noxious stimuli are missing, which called dysesthesia. Beside, pain can be triggered by
non–painful stimuli, which is called allodynia). Many research has linked the neuropathic pain to neuronal damages where endogenous ATP being
released. Therefore purinergic receptors that can respond to ATP are involved. In this essay, after a brief introduction of P2X receptors, the role of
microglial P2X4 and P2X7 in neuropathic pain will be discussed.
Purinergic receptor can be divided into two families based on their different

Effects Of Steroid Hormones And Neuropeptides On Social...
A Review of the Effects of Steroid Hormones and Neuropeptides on Social–Emotional Behavior
Bos, Peter A., Panksepp, Jaak, BluthГ©, Rose–Marie, & van Honk, Jack (2011). Acute effects of steroid hormones and neuropeptides on human
social–emotional behavior: A review of single administration studies. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology 33 (2012) 17–35.
be traced back as far as ancient Greece. Though Hippocrates' theory on humors has been refuted, the concept of "bodily fluids," or in this case, the
amount of hormones circulating in the blood directly affecting temperament and emotions are related. Scientists continue to research the relevance of
hormones, as well as neuropeptides on human behavior (J.R. Tata). Amazingly, throughout evolutionary history, both neuropeptides and steroid
hormones were able to preserve their molecular structure, and their effect on cross–species sexuality. An estimated 450 million years ago, the
neurotransmitter oxytocin (OT) and vasopressin (AVT) were present in the earliest phyla, and their varied functions are similar in both animals and
humans. Much like OT and AVP, the steroid hormones, testosterone (T) and estradiol (E) play a significant role in

Sensory Receptors Research Paper
Sensation is how our brains bring in information from the outside world. They do this by using sensory receptors. Perception is the physical parts of
our bodies that allow us to interpret those receptors. Each and every person interprets the receptors differently.
Everyone has three different photoreceptors, which are in the back part of the eyes and perceive the colors red, green, and blue. There are some
people however, that are color blind and they happen to be missing one of their photoreceptors. There are also some people who have a fourth
photoreceptor and they can perceive colors differently as well. Rods and cones are another factor in seeing color. Rods are used for night vision and
use very low levels of light. There are three types

My First Lifeline By Maya Angelou Analysis
In "My First Lifeline" written by Maya Angelou, the author vividly explains a lifeline thrown to her in a time of need. The essay became a
reflection of Angelou's childhood and presented the reasoning behind some of the traits she acquired. Angelou utilizes vernacular speech,
figurative language, and sensory details to aid in expressing the first lifeline thrown at her. Throughout the essay, the use of vernacular speech can
be observed when looking at the dialogue between characters. For example, "Good day, Mrs. Henderson. Momma responded with "How you,
Sister Flowers?". In the dialogue between Mrs. Henderson and Mrs. Flowers, it can be seen that Flowers speaks respectively with sophistication
while Mrs. Henderson speaks carelessly using an older southern tone. This results in a clear comparison between the characters in the essay which
represent the importance of education and vocabulary. The constant use of the wrong verb by "Momma" bothers the author, giving us a better idea
of language's role in her life. In addition, the author foreshadows part of the lifeline, so we gain a better understanding of the story when the lifeline
is presented later on. When describing the physical appearances and feelings of a person, Angelou uses similes to give the reader a more accurate
visualization and sense of understanding. "I sopped around ... like an old biscuit, dirty and inedible". In the opening sentence, Angelou crafts a simile
to accurately describe her feelings prior to

Extracellular Recording Electrodes Used For Measure The...
Extracellular recording electrodes were used to measure the compound action potentials (CAPs) in a cockroach leg nerve. CAPs are the summations of
all present action potentials (APs) in the individual axons of the nerve. When an AP is conducted along an axon, sodium channels open and positively
charged sodium ions enter the axon. Therefore the inside and the outside voltage changes. The voltage changes in the extracellular fluid were measured.
A depolarisation of the axonal membrane causes a local negative charge in the extracellular fluid. The summation of all the voltage changes in the
extracellular fluid at a specific position is measured by the recording electrodes. During the baseline measurement (Figure 1), when the setup was not
actively manipulated, low amplitude, but still clearly visible signals where observed. This suggest that the skin contains receptors which constantly to
respond to very subtle changes in the environment. Since the experimental conditions (temperature, air pressure, vibrations of the setup) were relatively
stable throughout the baseline measurement, only receptors with a very low threshold of activation could respond. Since then only a relatively few
number of primary sensory neurons are excited to the point that they fire APs, the amplitude of the CAPs that were measured were low. A variety of
receptors could have responded to subtle stimuli. Since the temperature was not tightly controlled in the experiment, thermoreceptors could have

Experiment : Melting Point And Percent Yield Of Dimethyl...
A. Melting Point and percent yield of Dimethyl Fumarate Dimethyl Fumarate was not successfully created during the course of this particular
experiment, likely because of a failure of the bromine to mix with the other components of the test tubes. It was observed that the bromine had formed
a separate fraction at the top of the rest of the test tube contents, and because of this the necessary reaction could not occur in substantial amounts for a
precipitate of dimethyl fumarate to form. The amount of bromine that was in contact with the dichloromethane and dimethyl maleate was simply too
small for a significant reaction to occur. The data discussed below is sourced from Alexander Boley. Alex reported the melting point range to be
94–97В°C, with an accepted range of 102–105В°C. The lower boiling point is most likely due to the compound not being dried sufficiently before the
melting point was tested. Alex also reported isolating 0.348 grams of dimethyl fumarate. Since he utilized 0.5 g of dimethyl maleate solution, and the
accepted density of dimethyl maleate is 1.153 g/ml, the theoretical maximum amount of dimethyl fumarate that could have been obtained is 0.5765 g;
dimethyl fumarate would be present in the same amounts as it's steroisomer because of their identical constitution, so dimethyl maleate's density is a
valid input for calculating the final amount of product. The result indicates that his percent yield was 60.36%. The percent loss indicated could be
attributed to

Phencyclidine: The Dawn Of A New Age Essay
Phencyclidine: The Dawn of a New Age
April, 1956 : The pharmaceutical company Parke & Davis first synthesize what they believe to be the perfect anesthetic (Souza, 1995). When
administered to patients, it causes a completely dissociative state, with no significant respiratory or cardiovascular depression. Patients appear to be
awake, eyes open, breathing normally.but are unaware of their surroundings or the procedures being performed upon them (Souza, 1995). Indeed, this
is the perfect drug.
Unfortunately, like all good things, this one has a darker side. 15% of patients awake from their slumber with what appeared to be an acute case of
paranoid schizophrenia (Peterson; Stillman, 1978). The drug is PCP, and to this day it is the... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In special cases, ketamine is still used as an anesthetic. (C.H. Badenhorst M.D, personal communication). Ten years after its initial discovery,
phencyclidine found a new audience in the scientific and underground drug culture communities (Nintey
Fifth Congress, 1978). At this time, a few Freudian psychologists carried out unauthorized experiments in which perfectly healthy patients were given
PCP and observed (Nintey Fifth Congress, 1978). Although their research did not provide much useful data, it did begin a revolution in our knowledge
of the chemical basis for schizophrenia (Nintey Fifth Congress, 1978). In 1987, the FDA removed
Sernyl (phencyclidine's market name) from the human market and reserved it for use only as an animal tranquilizer, for which it is still used today
(Peterson,
1978). Unfortunately, some individuals were still able to obtain the drug, either through theft or home synthesis in a garage laboratory (Nintey Fifth
Congress, 1978). It was distributed under a number of slang terms, including
PeaCe Pill, THC, and Love Boat; and rapidly spread throughout the country as a result of its low price and availability (Peterson, 1978). There were
many casualties.not because of the drug, but because of

Optimizing The Hypothalamic Hunger Regulation Mathematical...
OPTIMIZING AND VALIDATING THE HYPOTHALAMIC HUNGER REGULATION MATHEMATICAL MODEL
Ms. Divya1, Dr. Saurabh Mukherjee2
1Research Scholar, 2Associate Professor, Department of Computer Science, AIM & ACT, Banasthali University, Banasthali
–304022, email:
jangid.divya@gmail.com
Hypothalamus has a significant effect on the physiological functions of human body like Hunger regulation, Energy balance etc. A mathematical model
is being developed which mathematically explains the functionality of Hunger Regulation. Some hormones also acts effectively during this process
plays as important role in this model. Hypothalamic Hunger RegulationMathematical Model (HhRM). We are using statisticaloptimization tools to
optimize and validate this Model. The ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
This Hunger Regulation process is simulated with the help of Hypothalamic Hunger Regulating Mathematical Model (HhRM)[2]. HhRM is a
mathematical approach for this homeostatic function of human body.HhRM divided into five different steps. Each step represents the combination of
mathematical functions and variables. A simple binary function G (h) shows that whether the hormones are secreted by internal organs or not. The
hormonal signals explain by the random numbers.Daubechies Wavelet function interprets the movement of Hormonal signals through Vegal Nerve.The
response to the Hormonal Signals is being generated by the hypothalamic receptors. For this the concept of signal generation is used with scaling
function with Entropy. The receptors signals transferred to CentralNervous system.
The mathematical model HhRM is as follows: dH/dt = G^ ' (h)+f(h)D4^ ' (h)+ Em(s)Sc '(s)
WheredH/dtis the change in the processing of Hypothalamus, H with respect to Time t, G(h) is the binary function f(h) is fractal function, D4'(h) is the
Daubechies function, Em(s) is entropy measure and Sc'(s) scaling function.
2. Objective
The objective of our study is to optimize the mathematical model HhRM. In previous version of HhRM the simple scaling function was being used.
Here our objective is to study

Examples Of Literary Devices In The House On Mango Street
Literary devices may be used to add more dimension and description to writing, but they can also show multiple characters' perspectives, too. These
perspectives can portray insights on characters that show true personalities. In The House on Mango Street by Sandra Cisneros, certain examples of
literary devices are strategically used to do so. The story includes different vignettes that guides through the main character's, Esperanza's life. Each
vignette illuminates Esperanza's problems and outlooks about race, gender, economic status, age, and society as a whole. Using a variety of literary
devices, such as figurative language, sensory details, comparisons, and allusions, Cisneros truly displays disparate characters' perspectives about
themselves ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One example is when she talks to Alicia about their homes. Before they talk, Esperanza states that Alicia gave Esperanza a bag with the "word
GUADALAJARA stitched onto it, which is home for Alicia, and one day she will go back there" (106). Here, Esperanza contrasts her temporary
home with Alicia's permanent one. While Alicia has an actual home where she can live for the rest of her life; Esperanza doesn't and continuously
moves to her different "homes". By comparing her home, she is implying that she wants a home where she can settle and be happy, not like the
one on Mango Street. This ultimately shows that she's not satisfied with her current lifestyle and wants for a better life. Another comparison is
when she compares her age and gender with an older man. In the vignette "The First Job", she lands a job at a photo developer studio where she
hides from the other men and women at lunch time because she is scared of them looking at her. Subsequently, she meets a man who says it's his
birthday and asks for a tiny birthday kiss, and she thinks "I thought I would just because he was so old... he grabs my face with both hands and
kisses me hard on the mouth" (55). Here, Esperanza compares her age and gender with the actions that the older man does. She is working a normal
day, then randomly a guy comes up and kisses her directly, without her consent. By showing this example of an old man in the workplace, she is
basically stating men, especially older ones, are dangerous by sexually harassing young women such as herself. This means that she doesn't visualize
men as people who she will marry and live a happy life with, but people who are filled with evil. Through comparing and contrasting Esperanza with
other characters, a deeper sense of understanding of Esperanza is

Literary Analysis Of Once More To The Lake
Literary Analysis: "Once More to the Lake" and "Forgetfulness" The poem "Forgetfulness" by Billy Collins and the passage "Once More to the
Lake" by E.B White, both use devices to develop a similar theme of time. The poem "Forgetfulness" uses figurative language and describing words to
develop a theme of forgetfulness, while "Once More to the Lake" uses flashbacks and sensory details to develop a theme of accepting aging. In the
passage "Once More to the Lake", a man struggles with his identity while at the lake with his son. The two passages "Once more to the Lake" and
"Forgetfulness" both use devices to develop the common theme that of, time is the greatest enemy.
First and foremost, "Once More to the Lake" by E.B White develops the theme by applying amazing flashbacks and outstanding sensory details. In the
passage White struggles with his identity and accepting reality which leads to a huge problem that developed, man vs self. By returning to the lake
with his son, White remembers all the memories he had built in the years before when he went with his father, "I guess I remembered clearest of all
the early mornings, when the lake was cool and motion less, remembered how the bedroom smelled of the lumber it was made of and of the wet
woods whose scent entered through the screen" (White page 1). The sensory detail in that line helped the readers picture the surroundings and to show
how much love White has for the lake and the memories he created in the past. During the

Effects Of Thymosin On The Human Body
What are the effects of Thymosin Гџ–4 on the Human Body?
Nolan P. Stringfellow
Mississippi Gulf Coast Community College
Jefferson Davis Campus
Abstract
Introduction
Thymosin Гџ–4 is a naturally occurring immunological hormone that is secreted by the thymus gland. According to Thymosin beta 4 | ProSpec. (2011,
March 01). Retrieved March 27, 2017, from http://www.prospecbio.com/Thymosin_beta–4_7_171/ thymosin also assists in the development of B cells
to plasma cells to produce antibodies. The dominant form of thymosin, thymosin b4, is a member of a highly conservative family of actin
monomer–sequestering proteins. Thyomosin in the body is composed of 43 different amino acids (
Ac–Ser–Asp–Lys–Pro–Asp–Met–Ala–Glu–Ile–Glu–Lys–Phe–Asp–Lys–Ser–Lys–Leu–Lys–Lys–Thr–Glu–Thr–Gln–Glu–Lys–Asn–Pro–Leu–Pro–Ser–Lys
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Most of the hormones present in the human body are transported through the blood. Hormones according to www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows
/nature/etc/hormones can influence the function of the immune system and alter one's behavior. These chemical signals are the reason for many factor
including why one's arms are the same length, why one can turn food into a viable fuel, and why one grows through puberty. Hormones are indicative
of changes in target cells by binding to hormone receptors. In this way, even though hormones circulate throughout the body and meet different cell
types, they only affect cells that possess the necessary receptors. Receptors of a specific hormone can be found on different cells or a small number of
specialized cells. Per www.pbs.com/ the thyroid hormones act on different tissue types, stimulating metabolic activity throughout the body. Cells can
have receptors for the identical hormone, but often also possess receptors for different types of hormones. The number of receptors that respond to a
hormone determines the cell's sensitivity to a specific hormone. The number of receptors that respond to a hormone can change over time, resulting in
increasing or decreasing the cell's sensitivity. Often in up–regulation, the number of receptors increases to rising hormone levels, making the cell more
sensitive to the hormone. Down regulation describes when a cell is decreasing the quantity of a cellular component. When the cells respond to a
hormone, they express a specific receptor for that specific hormone. The hormone binds to the receptor protein, resulting in the activation of a
mechanism that ultimately leads to cell type–specific responses. Receptor binding alters cellular activity, resulting in an increase or decrease in normal
body processes. According to www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline depending on the location of the protein receptor on the

Reality Is Merely an Illusion Created by the Brain and Body

Recommended

Recommended

More Related Content

More from Holly Aguilar

More from Holly Aguilar (11)

Recently uploaded

Recently uploaded (20)

Reality Is Merely an Illusion Created by the Brain and Body