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1. World Geography
Top Ten Global Issues

2. Top Ten Global Issues
 ClimateChange
Global Warming
 CommunicableDisease
HIV/AIDS, Malaria,TB
 Conflicts
Sudan,Iraq, Ethiopia
 Education
LiteracyRate
 Financial Instability
Poverty, ThirdWorldDebt
 GovernanceandCorruption
Burma,Somalia,Chad
 MalnutritionandHunger
Africa,Haiti,Afghanistan
 Population
Growth,Sustainability
 SanitationandWater
Hygiene, Disease
 SubsidiesandTradeBarriers
StopEconomicGrowth

3. Top Ten Global Issues
 Althoughtheseglobal issueshavebeen
introducedindependently,itisimportantto
understandthatessentiallytheyareall
interrelatedanddonoexistindependentof
eachother.

4. Climate Change
 Global warmingandclimatechangerefertoanincrease
inaverageglobal temperatures.Natural eventsandhuman
activitiesarebelievedtobecontributingtoanincreasein
averageglobal temperatures.Thisiscausedprimarilyby
increasesin“greenhouse”gasessuchasCarbonDioxide
(CO2).

5. Climate Change
 RapidChangesInGlobal
Temperature
 The1900swasthewarmestcentury
duringthelast1,000years
 ExtremeWeatherPatterns
 MoreHurricanesandDrought
 Longerspellsof dryheator
intenserain
 SuperStorms
 EcosystemImpacts
 Massiveextinctionof specieswill
aggravatetheenvironmental crisis
 RisingSeaLevels
 Itwill impactmanycoastlines,
andalargemassof humanity
livesnearthecoastsorbymajor
rivers.
 FailingAgricultural Output
 Increaseinworldhunger

6. Communicable Disease
 A communicablediseasesuchasacoldisadiseasethat
spreadsfrompersontoperson.Communicablediseases
arediseasesthatyoucan"catch" fromsomeoneor
somethingelse.Somepeoplemayusethewords
contagiousorinfectiouswhentalkingabout
communicablediseases.

7. Communicable Disease
 Onebillionpeoplelackaccess
tohealthcaresystems.
 In2002, almost11 million
peoplediedof infectious
diseasesalone.
 40millionlivingwithHIV
 Thereare8.8millionnew
casesof Tuberculosis(TB) and
1.75milliondeathsfromTB,
eachyear.
 Malariacausesmorethan300
millionacuteillnessesandat
least1 milliondeaths,
annually.
 Morethanhalf amillion
people,mostlychildren,died
frommeaslesin2003even
thougheffectiveimmunization
costsjust0.30USdollarsper
person,andhasbeenavailable
forover40years.

8. Conflicts
 since3600BC,therehavebeen14,531 warsresultingin3billion
deathsovertheyears. Peaceprevailedforatotal of only292years
onearth,about5%of thetime. Atanygiventime, it'sasurebetthat
thereareanywherefrom50-100warsgoingonsomewhereinthe
world. Mostof themwouldbeinsurgenciesorinternal security
problems, inplacesoftendescribedas"flashpoints," "hotspots," or
"troublespots" --all synonymouslanguageforthesamething--
political violence. Someestimatesputat137thenumberof civil
warsduringtheperiodfrom1820to1990andat16.2millionthe
deathtoll fromcivil warsfoughtafterWorldWarII. Between1919
and1997, therewereover500spellsof guerrillawarfarearoundthe
world. Inthesameperiod, closeto1,500politicallymotivated
assassinationsorattemptedassassinationsof highgovernment
officialsorpoliticianswerecommitted— anaverageof oneevery
threeweeks

9. Conflicts
 Whydopeoplegotowar?
 Tobettertheirwayof life
 Toprotecttheirwayof life
Peopleseektoacquire:
 Land& Resources
 Peopleattackingwantmore
resourcestoimprovetheirwayof
life. i.e. morewater, food, gold,
oil
 Peopledefendingtheirlandwant
toprotecttheirwayof life.
 Independence
 Peopleattackingwanttobefree
fromtheruleoroppressionof
others.
 Peopledefendingwantto
maintaincontrol of their
conqueredresources.
 Beliefs
 Peopleattackingbelievethatall
peopleshouldbelieveastheydo.
 Peopledefendingareprotecting
theirownbeliefs.
 RecentExamples:
 Sudan, Rwanda, Israel

10. Education
 Thequalityof lifeof anationiseasilyjudgedbythe
numberof literatepopulationlivinginit.Thisistosay
thateducationisamustif anationaspirestoachieve
growthanddevelopmentandmoreimportantlysustainit.
Thismaywell explainthefactthatrichanddeveloped
nationsof theworldhaveveryhighliteracyrateand
productivehumanresource.Thosecountrieswhose
literacyratesarelowfacethebiggestproblemsinterms
of poverty,disease,andcorruption.

11. Education
 About1 billionpeople–1/6th
of humanity-areilliterate,
unabletoreadabookorsign
theirnames, muchlessfill out
asimpleapplicationformor
operateacomputer.
 Today125millionchildrendo
notgetanyformal educationat
all
 150millionchildrenthatdo
receiveaneducation,never
makeitpastthefifthgrade.
 Illiteracyundermineseffortsto
improve:
 HealthandNutrition
 InfantandChildmortality
 OpportunitiesforProductive
Livelihoods
 ResponsibleGovernance
 HumanRights
 Toachieveeducationforall children,
theworldwouldneedtospendan
additional $7Billionperyearoverthe
next10years. Thisislessthanwhat
isannuallyspentoncosmeticsinthe
UnitedStatesoronicecreamin
Europe. Itislessthan1 percentof
theworld’sannual militaryspending.

12. Financial Instability
 Duetothelackof infrastructure,education,and
resources,manycountriesarelackingtheresources
necessarytomakeorproduceproductstobesoldinthe
worldmarket.

13. Financial Instability
 Causesof Debt
 Legacyof Colonialism
 OverwhelmingDebt
 MismanagedSpending
 Thedevelopingworldnow
spends$13ondebtrepaymentfor
every$1 itreceivesingrants
 DebtCancellation
 Lotsof promiseswithoutaction
 IMFandWorldBankcan’tafford
thecostof cancellationif they
wanttocontinuetoexist
 Forthepoorestcountries
(approximately60),$550billion
hasbeenpaidinbothprincipal
andinterestoverthelastthree
decades, on$540bnof
 loans, andyetthereisstill a$523
billiondollardebtburden.
 Debtkills.Some11 million
childrendieeachyeararoundthe
world, duetoconditionsof
povertyanddebt.

14. Governance and Corruption
 Corruptionisaproblemthatescapesnocountry,richor
poor,small orlargebutismoretransparentinthirdworld
countries.
 Corruptionistheactof abusingpublicofficeforprivate
gainthroughtakingadvantageof one’scitizens.

15. Governance and Corruption
 Financially
 Stealingpublicfunds;
embezzlement
 Politically
 ForcedDictatorship
 VoterFraud
 Socially
 Fear, imprisonment,
terrorism.
 Corruptionalsoundermines
economicdevelopmentby
generatingconsiderable
distortionsandinefficiency.
 A numberof corrupt
governmentshaveenriched
themselvesviaforeignaid,
whichisoftenspentonshowy
buildingsandarmaments.

16. Malnutrition and Hunger

,To be healthy and active we must have food in
,adequate quantity quality and variety to meet our
energy and nutrient requirements.Withoutadequate
nutrition,childrencannotdeveloptheirpotential tothe
fullest,andadultswill experiencedifficultyin
maintainingorexpandingtheirs.
 Not everyone has adequate access to the food they
, -need and this has led to large scale hunger and
.malnutrition in the world

17. Malnutrition and Hunger
 Everyyear15millionchildren
dieof hunger
 TheWorldHealth
Organizationestimatesthat
one-thirdof theworldiswell-
fed,one-thirdisunder-fedone-
thirdisstarving-Sinceyou've
readthisatleast200people
havediedof starvation.Over4
millionwill diethisyear.
 Oneintwelvepeople
worldwideismalnourished,
including160millionchildren
undertheageof 5.
 3billionpeopleintheworld
todaystruggletosurviveon
US$2/day.
 Oneoutof everyeightchildren
undertheageof twelveinthe
U.S.goestobedhungryevery
night.

18. Population: Migration
 Go Forth And Multiply!" That'swhatthehuman
populationhassuccessfullybeendoingforthousandsand
thousandsof years,expanding,exploring,migrating,
conquering,utilizing,evolving,civilizing,industrializing,
andnow,destroyingtheverylanduponwhichwelive.

19. Population
 PopulationExplosion
 HigherBirthRate+ LowerDeath
rate= PopulationGrowth
 Stressontheenvironmentand
ecosystem
 Overcrowding
 Atcurrentratesof birthand
death, theworld'spopulationison
atrajectorytodoublein49years.
 Growthof refugeeandmigrant
populationsarecontributingto
political instabilityandeconomic
dislocationinmanycountries.
 Giventhetrendsinpopulation,
energyandresourceconsumption,
combinedwithtechnological
innovations, theadversehuman
impactontheglobal ecosystem
couldtripleorquadruplebythe
year2050.

20. Sanitation and Water
 Morethan2.6billionpeople–fortypercentof the
world’spopulation–lackbasicsanitationfacilities,and
overonebillionpeoplestill useunsafedrinkingwater
sources.Asaresult,thousandsof childrendieeveryday
fromdiarrheaandotherwater-,sanitation-andhygiene-
relateddiseasesandmanymoresufferandareweakened
byillness.

21. Sanitation and Water
 Withoutsafewaterand
sanitation, sustainable
developmentisimpossible.
 1.1 BillionPeopleareforcedto
useunsafedrinkingwater
sources
 A total of 2.6billionpeople
livewithoutimproved
sanitation–lessthanhalf of all
peoplelivingindeveloping
countries.
 Accesstoadequatewater
supplyisnotonlya
fundamental needandhuman
right.Accesstowatersupply
alsohasconsiderablehealth
andeconomicbenefitsto
householdsandindividuals
 Thepromotionof fundamental
behaviorchangesiskeyto
integratingtheappropriateuse
of servicesintodailyroutine

22. Subsidies and Trade Barriers
 Globalization,tradeandthefreemarketsarethetalksof
today.Manyenvisionortalkaboutafuturewherepeople
of differentnationalitiesandcultureswill beabletoshare
andtraderesourcesacrossboundariesinamannerthat
will benefitall of humanity.

23. Subsidies and Trade Barriers
 A lotof overbearing
regulationscangivetoomuch
powertoafew, andpotentially
corruptrulingregimeand
preventinnovativeideasfrom
flourishing.
 obstacleforaforeignnationto
investinacountryduetothose
conditionsandregulations
whichincreasecosts.
 toomuchderegulationcanlead
tocorporationsbeingableto
underminebasicsocial and
humanrightsaswell asleadto
environmental damage,often
withoutaccountability.
 Thepoorgetpoorerandthe
richgetricher.