Its about the important historic buildings in Pakistan from Chapter 6 Of Pakistan studies, Federal Board.

1. MUSLIM PERIOD ERA; IMPORTANT
BUILDINGS
Presentation by:
Harmein NasirUddin
12B

2. PAKISTAN; AN EPITOME OF
ARCHITECTURAL BEAUTY

3. INTRODUCTION
Muslim Period can be studied in details before and after independence.
Its one thing that we are aware of the historical background of Pakistan’s
existence which is very patriotic awakening.
However, we should always look from different angles.
To utilize such approach, join me in this journey to go through buildings,
monuments that were made before and after Independence.
Following are the cities that held the famous monuments and tombs;

4. BEFORE INDEPENDENCE Era of Mughal Art

5. “THE HEART OF PAKISTAN”:
LAHORE
The corridor is made up of mosaic and is decorated with floral patterns. The entire layout of
the mausoleum is horizontal with a flat roof, covering its entire structure. Color of brown,
red and maroon is in trend.

6. TOMB OF JAHANGIR:
The mausoleum was supposedly built over a period of 10 years from 1627-1637
He was the fourth Mughal Emperor and ruled for a duration of 22 years, (1605 to
1627)
The tomb of Jahangir is located in Shahdara, in the suburbs of Lahore, Pakistan
Although, many believe that Shah Jahan was behind such masterpiece, however,
Noor Jahan was the inspirer.
The empress was a great patron of architecture and had commissioned several
buildings and gardens during her reign.

7. THE AIWAN/GRAND HALL
The channel of water is fed by the canals designed by Ali Mardan Khan. The gardens are
enclosed by a red sandstone wall interrupted by small kiosks feature with white marble building,
a typical Shah Jahan style.

8. SHALIMAR GARDEN
The Shalimar Gardens were built by the Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan.
The construction of the gardens began in 1641 AD and was accomplished within one year.
As many as 410 fountains rise from this basin and the canal
A canal named Shah Nahar, also known as Hansti canal, was constructed from a distant
location to irrigate the Shalimar Gardens.
The upper terrace named Farah Bakes (Bestower of Pleasure)
The middle terrace named Faiz Baksh (Bestower of Goodness)
The lower terrace named Hayat Baksh (Bestower of Life)

9. LAHORE FORT
The captivating art of the fort building is an incredible blend of the
Islamic and Hindu architecture. The structures and the scriptures
engraved on the walls speak volumes about the diversity of the
history of Lahore Fort.

10. SHAHI QILA
After a siege and battle that lasted for a long time, Sultan Mahmud Ghaznavi conquered the
city of Lahore and rebuilt it.
The fort also remained under the occupation of Maharaja Ranjit Singh for about 40 years
(1799-1839 AD)
There are two main divisions in the fort: one is the administrative section and the other is
residential division.
The two most famous historical places to visit in Lahore Fort are Sheesh Mahal and
Alamgiri gate. Sheesh Mahal is the palace of mirror that has a complex mirror work locally
known as Ayina Kari.

11. QUTAB UDDIN AIBAK’S TOMB
Yellow stone used for construction of the tomb. A marble dome was erected, signaling a
Sultanat era architecture. The walls are decorated with carvings and calligraphy. The walls
opposite to the gate still have engravings that resemble the Qutub Minar. The walls of the
tomb around the entrance are decorated with brilliant calligraphic work by Hafiz Muhammad
Yousaf Sadeedi.

12. LAKHA BAKSH SULTAN
 Qutab-ud-Din Aibk, the first Sultan of India and founder
of Khandan-e- Ghulaman (Dynasty of Slaves)
 He was buried in the area outside Lahori gate (Anarkali
Bazar)
 It was built over the grave in 1990, by acquiring two
houses around the grave
 Aibak was a Turkish resident who was arrested and sold
as a slave.
 His master was as the famous Muhammad Ghauri,
Sultan of the Ghaurid Empire.
 He was responsible for most of the conquests of
Northern India and was appointed viceroy of Delhi
 He died in Lahore in 1210 A.D. While playing polo a
game he loved, Aibak fell from a horse and was
severely injured.

13. BADSHAHI MOSQUE
The rich embellishment in stucco tracery (Manbatkari) and paneling with a fresco
touch enhance the interior of the mosque and stone carvings along with marble inlay
on red sandstone, especially of loti form motifs in bold relief, beautifies the exterior.
Many rumors lurk behind the reason of its existence, however it serves it purpose as
an entertainment weapon.

14. UNIVERSE SIEZER
ALAMGIR MOSQUE:
 The construction of the mosque was started in
1671
 The Badshahi Mosque took only two years to be
completed under the supervision of Fida’i Khan
Koka (the brother in law and governor of Lahore)
 The Badshahi Mosque full name "Masjid Abul
Zafar Muhy-ud-Din Mohammad Alamgir
Badshah Ghazi" is written in inlaid marble above
the vaulted entrance
 The mosque is heavily influenced by the Persian
architectural style and Aurangzeb specifically
followed the style of Shah Jehan’s Jama Masjid in
Delhi
 One of the room of this mosque also contains the
hair of Hazrat Muhammad (PBUH)

15. “THE CITY OF SAINTS”
MUTLAN
It has a great influence of Persian and Afghani style. The red bricks decorated
with shisham wood are enough to make the spectators spell-bound. The exterior
design is built with carved ornaments, rare wood, and battlements. Some
expensive stones are also carved showing the true representation of the Mughal
style. The floral tiles used in its exterior are worth seeing that attracts many
tourists

16. “PILLAR OF THE WORLD”
SHAH RUKNE ALAM TOMB
Shah Rukn-e-Alam's tomb lies next to Multan Fort in Multan.
The greatest example of Mughal Architecture was the tomb of Shah Rukn-e-Alam built in
1324 CE
The whole building is built as a three-tiered structure giving a typical Multani architecture
look. The octagon dome gives it a close resemblance to the shrine of Bahaudin Zakariya
this shrine is a place of honor to all the devotees of Sunni sect who come from far-off places
just to pay homage
Shah Rukne Alam was the son of Pir Sadar-Al-Din Arif; grandson and successor of Baha
Uddin zakrya.

17. “MEHRAN”
SINDH
a stone structure with finest ornamental carving, akin to
fifteenth century Gujrat style. Its decoration consists of bands of
stone carved in relief running around the walls. Its situated in
thatta.

18. “JAM NINDO”
TOMB OF JAM NIZAMUDDIN
Jam Nizam al-Din or Jam Nindo was the Rajput Sultan of Sindh between 1461 and 1508
AD, his dynasty's capital was Thatta.
The tomb of Jam Nizamuddin, one of the most important emperors of the Summa dynasty
the stonework of this building represents an excellent specimen of practically Gujarat
workmanship.
Shortly after he went to Bukkur (sukkur) and kicked out all the thieves and corrupt
immigrants who were causing security problems and harming locals of Bukkur and looting
them.
He was considered a wise and a just ruler, under whom madrasahs and mosques flourished,

19. THATTA
JAMMI MASJID
Characteristic red bricks have been used to build the mosque, but it is the tile
work and geometric patterns that enhance its beauty. Even without the use of
frescoes, the walls, domes, arches, and doors all have an innate beauty due to
the patterned tile work and the calligraphy etched into them in Persian and
Arabic.

20. “KING OF THE WORLD”
SHAH JAHAN MOSQUE
 Shah Jahān was a Mughal emperor from 1628
to 1658.
 He also constructed the Taj Mahal as well as
 It is located approximately 100 kilometres away
from Karachi
 The mosque’s construction began in 1644
 Sindhi, Persian, Timurid, and Indian styles of
construction that have made it a unique marvel.
 built in such a manner that the prayers can be
heard from the Mihrab of the mosque to the
other end of the structure with the use of
echoes,

21. “THE LAND OF MARTYRS AND
WARRIORS”
JHELUM
Rohtas Fort is famous due to its distinctive structure. Its tall and strong walls
follow the truck’s art and culture and Mughal and Afghan features. Its main
structures are Rani Mahal and Haveli Singh, step walls, royal mosque, and
ramparts. Mahar un-Nisa Maqraba, Rani Mahal, Rohtas Fort Gates are parts
of this giant fort.

22. ROHTAS FORT
Rohtas Fort was built by Afghan monarch Sher Shah Suri, who blocked Mughal emperor
Humayun.
Rohtas Fort’s history started with its construction in 1541.
sher Shah Suri died in 1545, and it caused him to rapidly crumble his empire, After years, in
1980, Mughal Akbar, who was Humayun’s son, erected the beautiful fort in Attock.
 Rohtas Fort is located near Jhelum in Punjab, Pakistan.

23. “CITY OF FLOWER”
PESHAWAR
It’s the best ecampke of Mughal art. Its embellished with floral work and
Islamic calligraphy. Old style chandliers hang from ceiling. The domes
and walls are carved. Additonally, it includes colorful flowers, frescoes,
and motifs.

24. “ZAMANA BEG”
MOHABAT KHAN MOSQUE
mahabat Khan, was a prominent Mughal general and statesman, best known for his 1626
coup against Mughal Emperor Jahangir
He was also a Subahdar of Malwa Subah from 1611 to 1623 and Subahdar of Bengal Subah
from 1625 to 1626.
built in 1630 by the governor of Peshawar under Mughal emperor Shah Jahan.
It might have been competed in 1670 but was destroyed by the Sikhs In 1818.
In 1894, it was restored once again during the time of British reign.
It’s a rectangular shape mosque with 3 entrances.

25. AFTER INDEPENDENCE Welcoming of new artist
era

26. INTRODUCTION
After fierce and intense battle for the name of independence,
Pakistan finally came into being in 24th august, 1947.
Until 2022, it has gone through many economical, social, religious,
political and psychological changes
However, change brings opportunities to recognize importance of
literature, art and perhaps, life.
The transition from Mughal art to Pakistani art is expressed through
the buildings in the modern era. It is truly an inspiring journey.

27. “THE GREEN CITY”
ISLAMABAD
The unique triangular design of the historic
landmark was inspired by the Bedouin tents erected
in the middle of the deserts. instead of the
conventional design of a round dome surrounded by
minarets, Faisal Mosque boasts a tent-like structure
with sharp angles comprising eight sides of a
concrete shell
The grounds of the Faisal Mosque comprise well-
maintained lush green courtyards, porticoes and
fountains. There is a circular pond at the entrance
of the mosque that leads to a larger pond and the
staircase for the main prayer hall.

28. FAISAL MASJID
Also referred to as Shah Faisal Masjid, this mosque was a gift from the late King Faisal bin
Abdul-Aziz of Saudi Arabia
the history of this iconic building dates back to 1966 when the late King Faisal made a
historic visit to Pakistan and showed interest in building a mosque in the green city of
Islamabad
Moreover, the Faisal Mosque was designed by a Turkish architect, Vedat Dalokay.
However, in a tragic turn of events, the Saudi premiere was assassinated in March 1975 in
Riyadh. After his death, the government of Pakistan decided to name the mosque and the road
leading to the site after the late King Faisal.
The stunning Faisal Mosque is located at Shah Faisal Avenue in Sector E-8 of Islamabad.

29. THE END.