2. Hybrid vehicles include two or more technologies
to run a vehicles , primarily containing an internal
combustion engine .
The electric drive of the hybrid vehicle might run
on several form of energy inputs : solar , fuel cell ,
regenerative braking .
THE FORD HYBRID
3. Every gallon(3.7 liters ) of gasoline your vehicle burns
puts 9 KG of CO2 into the atmosphere.
A 2 km per litres difference in fuel economy equates to
about 1270 kg of CO2 a year.
Toyota Prius
4. Reducing carbon emission helps reducing global
warming.
Hybrid Vehicles Will Cut Down Emissions Of Global-
warming Pollutants By A Third To A Half.
Later Models May Cut These Emissions Down By Even
More.
Greater energy efficiency : more output in less input.
5. Regenerative Braking Actually Makes City Driving More
Economical Than On The Highway.
Fuel Efficiency Is Greatly Increased (Twice).
Emissions Are Greatly Decreased.
Dependency On Fossils Fuels Is Decreased.
Hybrids Can Run On Alternative Fuels As Well.
6. Mobility
Improved Fuel Economy
Improved Control Over Tractive Effort (Traction Control)
Improved Marginal-soil Mobility
Improved Acceleration (multiple energy input)
Improved Stability From Lower Vertical Center Of Gravity
System Integration
Flexibility In Component Placement
Different Modes Of Operation
Value Added Features(mostly found in HEV used by MILITARY)
On-board / Off -Board Electric Power
Engine-off Power To Ancillaries / Mission Equipment
Engine-off Movement (Not Necessarily “Silent Movement”)
Reduced Signatures (Thermal And Acoustic)
7. Hybrids achieve improved efficiencies using several
approaches:
Employ regenerative braking to recover energy what is
thrown away
Downsize or “right-size” the engine or primary power source
Control the engine or primary power source to operate more
efficiently and/or work more often in a more efficient range
10. Electric Powered
(single source)
Hybrid Electric Powered
(dual power source)
Model Year 2001
Model Year 2000
Model Year 2006
Discontinued earlier
Parallel
Hybrid
Series
HybridCame back as full
electric vehicles
11. At Full Acceleration,
The Battery Adds Its Power To
Its Power To The Mix , Which
Provides A Very Smooth And
Powerful Response.
12. When Decelerating Or
Braking , The Regenerative
Braking System Acts As A
Generator To Help Recharge
The Battery.
13. The Engine Shuts Off When The Car Is Idling Or If
The Engine Demand Is Low. The Gasoline Engine
Runs Only As Needed To Recharge The Battery Or Run
The Air Conditioner. This Is How The Toyota Prius
Works And That Is Why It Never Has To Be Plugged
For Charging .This Is A
Combination Of Both
Series And Parallel
Hybrid Electric Vehicle.
14. 2- and 4-Wheel Drive
Mechanical complexity
Range of system voltages, battery
chemistries, electric complexity
Sophisticated control strategies
Multiple driving modes
Multiple prime movers (engines,
fuel cells)
Multiple fuels (including
hydrogen)
Series Parallel
15. Well-To-
Tank
Tank-To-
Wheel
Overall Well-to-Wheel Efficiency (%)
Average
2003 Car 79% 18%
1999 Prius
79% 27%
2003 Prius
79% 31%
2004 Prius
with HSD 79% 37%
Commercial
FCHV
58%
Natural gas-H2
50%
Based on US-market fuels and US
combined fuel economy
Source: Toyota
0 10 20 30 40
14%
21%
24%
29%
29%
16. 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010
50 tons
40 tons
30 tons
20 tons
10 tons
5 tons
1 ton
Army - Armored System Modernization
Comm’l Hybrid-Electric Autos
TARDEC-DARPA
Bradley HEV Demo
NAC-OshKosh ProPulse
NAC–S&S FMTV
USMC - AAV Demo
DARPA-USMC RST-V
TACOM-TARDEC
HE-HMMWV
Comm’l Electric Autos
Comm’l Hybrid-Electric SUVs
UDLP / GDLS FCS Demonstrators
TARDEC-UDLP-DARPA M-113 Technology Platform
Long History of Hybrid Electric
Vehicles In Army
NAC COMBATT
17. The power from the
engine is used to
run the wheels as
well as to charge the
batteries . Also the
regenerative braking
charges battery. The
electric motor
assists the gasoline
engine as well as
runs individually
when needed
19. Higher Production Volumes Are
Bringing Costs Down
Improved Component Performances –
Especially Batteries – Will Make More
Applications Attractive
Adaptations Of Engines To HEV
Applications Will Increase The
Attractiveness Of Hev’s
Variable Displacement
Hcci
H2 Ice
Changes In Fuel Economy Regulations
May Drive Hybrid Adoption
Hybridization Will Play A Key Role In
Future Fuel Cell Vehicle Design
