Indian Civil Services

2.  ICS was born from East India Company service (covenanted). Training
at Haileybury
 Merit based examination system introduced in 1855 replacing
recruitment through patronage.
 ICS described as a fine career for ‘the picked men of the
universities’. Macaulay Committee opined that the best and the
brightest should serve.
 Maximum age of entry was 23. From 1922 simultaneous exams in
India (Allahabad University). Crammers or coaching schools such
Wren’s providing 6 weeks coaching hugely popular.
 Like Plato’s guardians perceived to be fittest to rule- “philosophical,
high-spirited, swift-footed and strong”. Sports believed to engender
‘a sense of proportion.’ However, ICS recruits seen as ‘conceited’ by
others.
 Under Jowett’s influence, Oxford University, and Balliol college in
particular, the most popular centre for 2 year probationary training
in law, classics, Indian history and Indian languages.

3.  ICS with not more than 1350 members at any time,
was like an All India Service with 10 provincial cadres
and provision for Central Deputation
 Mostly served in the field as Deputy Commissioner in
non-regulation tracts, DM, Collector, Political agents,
British Residents in Princely States etc.
 Also served in judicial capacities as D&S Judge, High
Court Judge.
 Till the 1930s, headed specialist department like
accounts, postal service even IGP. Central Services
came into their own in the1920s
 Served in the Secretariat, Highest post that a civilian
could aspire for was Governor of a province.
Maximum years of service - 35. Indians in ICS:1915 -
5%, 1935-32%, 1940s – close to 50%

4.  To discuss new administration system, Conference of Provincial
Premiers convened by Sardar Patel, Home Minister in October,
1946;
 Question mark on continuance of 468 European and 512 Indian
officers (980) & whether there should be AIS on ICS pattern at all.
Central Govt. proposed AIS on ICS pattern;
 Three provinces-Punjab, Sind & Bengal-opposed creation of AIS;
 However, two All India Services – IAS & IPS created in 1946-47.
War service recruits to IAS joined training in March 1947 at
Metcalfe House;
 First regular batch of IAS through competitive examination
appointed in 1948. 25% of superior posts to promotes, later in
1966 increased to 33-1/3%

5.  War Service recruits
 Emergency Recruitment Scheme 1948
 IAS(Extension to States) Scheme 1949
 Special Recruitment Scheme 1956
 Recruitment of Emergency and Short Service
Commissioned officers from Defence forces. Under
Rule 4 (aa) of the IAS Recruitment rules there were
special provision for released short service and
emergency commissioned defence officers for 5 years
w.e.f 29th jan 1966. This rule continued till 1997. 92
persons recruited under this provision were on the
rolls till 1977
 Absorption of officers from the Indian Frontier
Administrative Service (1968-1973)
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6.  Serve both State and Central Government at higher levels (after
empanelment or shortlisting). All India recruitment for minimum
and uniform standard of administration. Link between Centre and
the States. Strength is only 5004 members (3554 DR+ 1450 PQ).
 In States, SG has full power to transfer and promote but only
Central Govt has power to impose major penalties.
 The All India composition emphasises unity in diversity. Only few
direct recruits allotted home cadre (less than 20%).
 Selection thru’ rigorous common examination conducted by Union
Public Service Commission- in 2016, about 4.63 lakh candidates
appeared for Prelims. 14,642 appeared for Mains and 2792
appeared for the Interview. Finally, 182 names were recommended
for IAS. First 91 on merit (including reserved categories) and
balance 91 only from reserved categories.
 About 67% recruited in the last 5 years are Engineers and Doctors.
On an average, 26% of the selected candidates were women.
5

7.  The IAS ( Recruitment) Rules 1954 till 1972
in Rule 5(3) stated- No married woman shall
be entitled as of right to be appointed to the
service, and where a woman appointed to the
service subsequently marries, the Central
Govt may, if the maintenance of the efficiency
of the service so requires, call upon her to
resign.
 .

8.  Rule 9 (2) of IAS/IPS/IFS Recruitment Rules fixes
the Promotion Quota at 33 and1/3% of
(SDP+SDR+CDR+TR). Prior to this, it was 25% up
to 1966
 In terms of IAS/IPS/IFS (Appointment by
Promotion) Regulations, the promotion quota of
each State/Joint Cadre is filled each year and
year-wise from SCS/SPS/SFS
 There is provision for appointment by selection
to IAS of outstanding officers from state
government services other than state civil
service.

9. S.N. Category Programme Duration of Course
Months Weeks
1 IAS Probationers
(Sandwich Course)
Foundation Aug-Dec 15
PHASE-I Dec-May 22
District Training May-May 53
PHASE-II May-June 6
2
MCTP
PHASE-III (7-9 yrs) 4
PHASE-IV (14-16 yrs) 4
PHASE-V (26-28 yrs) 3
3 Foreign Training Long Term (upto 45 yrs) 12
Short-Term (upto 52 yrs) 2
Customized
(upto 59 yrs)
1-2
4 In-Service Financial Management,
Inner Engineering, etc.
1
9

10. Years of Service(in
and Around)
Pay Scale (In Rs.) Designation in the
states
Designation in
Centre
Junior Scale Beginning Of
service
56.1K SDM/SDO(Civil) Under Secretary
Senior Time Scale
(STS)
5th Year 67.7K Joint Secretary/DC Under Secretary
Junior
Administrative
Grade (JAG)
9th Year 78.8K Addl.
Secretary/DC
Deputy Secretary
Selection grade 13th Year 118K Secretary Director
Super Time Scale 16th Year/19th
year(CG)
175K Commissioner &
Secretary/Div
Commissioner
Joint secretary
Above Super time
scale
25th year/29th
year(CG)
200K Principal Secretary Addl. Secretary
Apex Scale 30th year/32nd
year(CG)
225K Chief Secretary Secretary
Cabinet Secretary
Grade
Senior Most in CG 250 K No Post Cabinet Secretary

11. 11
Designation Strength In position Vacancies
Secretaries 85 80 4
Additional Secretaries 70 55 15
Joint Secretaries 293 268 25
Directors/Deputy Secretary 424 354 70
Deputy Commissioners (IAS Officers) posted in Districts - 652

12. S.No. Level/ Scale in SDP Norms
(In %age)
Minimum
Service
(In years)
1 Apex (Secretary rank as State Chief
Secretary Grade)
2 30
2 HAG (above Super Time Scale-Additional
Secretary /State Principal Secretary)
8 25
3 SAG (Super Time Scale-Joint Secretary rank
as State Government Secretary or Divisional
Commissioner)
30 16
4 Selection Grade (Director rank as Deputy
Commissioner or Director in Directorate)
60
14
5 Senior Scale/ JAG (Deputy Secretary rank as
ADC or DC)
04
12

13. A further discussion on two rules is
necessary:
IAS Cadre Rules
AIS Conduct Rules
The AIS(DCRB) Rules, 1958

14.  Cadre Strength: Empowers Central Govt. to review cadre
strength of AIS officers in various State cadres at an
interval of five years.
 Violation of Cadre Rules by State Governments:-
 Promotion to various grades without concurrence
of vacancies by Central Govt, which is
mandatory as per AIS Pay Rules.
 Creation of ex-cadre posts / temporary posts
 Posting of non cadre officers in cadre posts
 Civil Services Board: Provisions of fixing minimum two
years tenure & constitution of Civil Services Board, which
has become mandatory as per Cadre rules. States not
strictly observing this requirement.

15.  Rule 11 relating to acceptance of gifts amended –
Without prior sanction of Govt, for acceptance of
gifts on socio-religious functions from near
relatives or personal friends having no official
dealings revised from existing Rs 5000 to Rs
25,000.On other occasions without prior sanction
the revision is from existing Rs 1000 to Rs 5000
 Rule 16(3): prior sanction is mandatory for
immoveable property transaction
 Rule 16(4): Intimation of every transaction for the
value exceeding 2 months basic pay within one
month. However, if such transaction is with a
person having official dealings, previous sanction
is necessary.

16.  Deals with pension related matters of AIS officers and
disciplinary proceedings after retirement.
 Review under rule 16(3) to remove “Dead Wood”. States
observing this requirement only in breach. Cadre
controlling authorities have now been asked to carry out
the exercise without fail. Review after 15/25 years
 VRS on completion of 20 years of qualifying service by
Central Govt. VRS after completing 30 years of qualifying
age or 50 years of age. Rule 16(2A) and 16 (2) refers
 Since 28 July 2015 AIS pensioners provided three chances
to change their choice of place of treasury / bank for
drawing pension. This has given relief to pensioners who
had changed their locations.

17.  After independence, IAS, modelled on ICS, became the new
AIS, but many colonial era laws, procedures and rules relating
to administration remained the same including names of
various posts and indeed the basic functions and
responsibilities attached to them.
 However, administration became development oriented with
DC becoming lynchpin of the administration at cutting-edge
level. Though Zila Parisads or elected bodies at district level
play a major role in deciding on schemes, the State
Governments continue to rely on DC/DM for monitoring.
 While policy making became the political executives’
exclusive preserve, the IAS is remained responsible for its
implementation. Indeed, on the whole, political executive
being people’s representatives are the true masters and agent
of change.
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18.  From governing class to citizen-centric and
service orientation
 Stress on timelines for public delivery of
services and the need to improve delivery at
the cutting-edge level. Strengthening
instititutions.
 Increasing transparency-right to information,
increasing public scrutiny, responding to
social media instantaneously
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19. 19
Thank you
for your attention