Near-Earth Objects And Their Impact On Society

Near-Earth Objects and Their Impact on Society
Ever since the beginning of human history, people explored. Man, woman and child alike had opportunities to see the beauty and magnificence of
Earth. They have seen the vast outstretches of Earth's land, from the lush green plains of America, to the brilliant golden sands of Africa, and the
roaring deep blue oceans. Over time, humans settled, leaving their nomadic past behind. Yet, their thirst for exploration continued. Magellan,
Columbus, and Lewis and Clark, for example, quenched this thirst by going on expeditions to find new pathways for land, riches, or both. The Chinese
were also pioneers of exploration. According to the National Aeronautics and Space Administration's (NASA) Chief Historian Steven J. Dick, the
Chinese once ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
No field experiments have ever been conducted, however. With the retirement of NASA's symbolic space shuttle program, there is no way the U.S.
can conduct experiments other than sending space probes or consulting the Russian space agency. Even so, they lack funding. Only a few funded
programs have researched and detected NEOs thoroughly. Guy Norris, a decorated senior editor of Aviation Week, discusses a few of these
programs, such as the NEO Missions Planning and Operations Group (MPOG), created to specialize in detection and warning. NASA also has a
program for NEOs, but their main effort, too, is focused on detecting and identifying NEOs and their threat level. Research, however, is not enough.
Something must be done to eliminate threat, or at least minimize it. In the case of NEOs, discovery will cause nothing but concern unless action is
taken. Actual applications, such as experiments, of proposed solutions would reassure success, rather than create a plausible atmosphere. Otherwise,
the asteroid near miss in Tunguska, Siberia might turn into a reality in the future, a reality no one wants to behold. Still, on Earth, harsh realities
challenge people every day. Some people believe that, with the prevalence of terrorism, poverty, and disease on Earth, a rare asteroid threat should be
the least of society's concerns. Why should society
... Get more on HelpWriting.net ...

How the United States Must Handle China and Its Military...
There is a delicate balancing act a country must be aware of when it is a military superpower. A superpower must exercise extreme care to protect
their economic superiority, advance their foreign policies, and project their military might all while working to advance the global system. Enticing
China to become a responsible pillar of the global system will be one of the greatest challenges of coming decades for the United States and the Western
world–particularly since it appears for the moment China is uninterested in playing such a role. This is the unique situation the United States and China
find themselves in, with so many mutual interests, and as the global economy begins to slow, challenges such as: China's increase in military ... Show
more content on Helpwriting.net ...
According to Bergsten, "unless China is careful such a regional grouping would almost certainly trigger a sharp backlash from the U.S. and EU, as
well as from numerous developing countries, who view this as discrimination against them." The test for the U.S. is how to deal with this matter
while still fostering positive relations with its Chinese's trading partner. The National Security Strategy released by the White House states, "We
welcome a China that takes on a responsible leadership role in working with the United States and the international community to advance priorities
like economic recovery." My concern is whether this is a goal shared by China due to their numerous interactions with other nations in the region.
When it comes to the global economy, this much is true: 2009 was China's year. In the first decade of the 21st century, China established itself as the
world's workshop. The next decade (if things go right) could see China emerge as the world's leading exporter of capital and military muscle. China
(not including Hong Kong) has become the largest trading partner of Taiwan and the second largest trading partner of Japan. The hope is increased
economic trade between these nations will elevate some of the political tension recently experienced. The Peoples Republic of China (PRC) has
become South Korea's largest foreign investment destination and largest export market. According to Taiwanese and Korean data, in

The Space Shuttle Program
This semester during the research paper, there were many challenges to overcome. Among choosing the topic for the paper, there were entirely too
many research articles to go through and find relevant information. Writing the paper took considerable time as it needed to constantly be readjusted
to let the information flow. The points brought out in the paper do not mesh as nicely as I would have hoped for, however the information was able
to be put in a logical order to accommodate the start to finish timeline that I was looking for. The main struggle of this paper became the research.
Utilizing the Arizona Western College library database and the JSTOR database, there were thousands of articles, scholarly journals, peer reviews, etc.
that needed to be sifted through. Among those, I needed to highlight the three main points of the research paper to narrow those results down. I looked
first to find relevant information to the concept and origin of the space shuttle program. That yielded few results yet gave me the background
information that I was looking for. After that had been accomplished, I was able to find information straight from NASA to identify each shuttle used
and significant points during the flights of each one. Lastly, I had to hone in on the transition from the space shuttle program to the commercial
spacecraft that are being put together to launch the next generation of spaceflight. Once finding the information, the next task was determining the

The Causes And Impacts Of The International Space Station
The International Space Station commonly known as the (ISS) is a large spacecraft that orbits around Earth. This space station serves as a home for
the crews of astronauts and cosmonauts. The space station is also a unique science laboratory. Several nations such as Canada, Japan, the Russian
Federation, the United States, and eleven Member States of the European Space Agency (Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, Netherlands,
Norway, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United Kingdom) worked together to build and use this space station. The space station is made of parts
that were assembled by astronauts, in space itself. NASA is using this space station to learn more about the living and working conditions in space.
These discoveries will help make it possible for them to find out if it is feasible to send humans farther into space than ever done in the past.
Political:
The International Space Station was first considered in the waning years of the Cold War. A space station called Mir was prepared to be launched by
the Soviet Union, which went into orbit in 1986. The United States wanted to match its rival.During his 1984 State of the Union address, President
Ronald Regan announced his plans for a U.S led project. Russia was invited to join the space station by the United States when they decided to expand
their international partnership, after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1993. Eugene Skolnikoff, professor emeritus of political science at the
Massachusetts

Materials Of A Rocket Or Space Shuttle
Abstract: Many people think that going to the outer space is not that complex when talking about the materials of a rocket or space shuttle. Most
people believe that metal is all that is needed and that in fact that is all it has. The truth is that it required a lot of research and procedures to come up
with the right materials to people to withstand rigorous conditions. In other words, materials had to be engineered to work with extreme heat, cold and
pressure changes. Due to some other issues such as collision from debris and unforeseen events the space shuttle had to be cancelled. The risks were too
high even with all the engineering of materials.
During the 1955 the race to see who would send the first astronaut to space began between the United States and the Soviet Union. At that time, they
were using rockets without the thought of being reused. All they really want was to win the race of who would send the first astronaut to space. As
time went by, they decided that the rockets should be able to be reused. The problem with the first designs is that they were disposable and expensive.
So in 1972 the space shuttle program officially began. The shuttle were a way to lower the costs by having an aircraft connected with a rocket that
would boost it out of space and then be able to land on earth. Therefore, the aircraft would be reused and just have a new rocket and external tank. The
problem was to come up with a material that could be reused without suffering from

What Is The Future Of Space Programs?
Russia and China have the largest, most capable space programs of all countries in the world outside of the United States. Therefore, the status of their
programs and endeavors in space missions and actions are of the upmost concern to our nation and global scientific achievement. The state of current
events point to a future of vast changes in the global space community due to Russia's mired Roscosmos State Corporation for Space Activities and
China's ever advancing National Space Administration (CNSA). I will present you with a brief summary of each space programs' significant
developments and events, focusing on the previous 6 months and projecting for the year ahead. Russia faces budget cuts to their space program, with
an estimated... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The most recent activity includes the successful return of Soyuz capsule MS–03 from the ISS to earth on June 2nd with two crewmembers aboard.
Additionally, two launches were accomplished in June, one placing the European EchoStar satellite 21 on orbit after over a year of delays, and
the other sending various supplies and fuel to the ISS (Roscosmos 2017). The only explanation given for the delays was investigation of a glitch in
the proton rocket it was set to launch on (Nowakowski 2016). The next planned launch is slated to occur July 14th out of Baikonur with several
payloads, including a Russian infrared remote sensing satellite, Zond solar research satellite and several US company owned spacecraft. This launch
has also faced significant delays since December 2016, though no explanations have been given, or issues made known with the Soyuz 2.1a booster
to be used (Nowakowski 2016). Given their lagging performance recently due to the breakdown in leadership, and in light of SpaceX's recent success
with reusable boosters, Russia has begun to develop their own similar technology in order to remain competitive in the global market for space lift. It
has become necessary for them to drop the cost of launch on the Proton rocket

The Disaster Of Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster
Abstract The fragile of complex and large systems, it is argued, is addressed through the catastrophic events that happened in different fields. This
report looks at three serious systemic failures in engineering and finance domains among the history, including the Disaster of Space Shuttle Columbia
in 2003, the Japanese asset bubble in late 1980s and the explosion of Deepwater Horizon in 2010. The research draws upon final reports of NASA,
related magazines and published books. Looking through the lenses of those catastrophes, the analysis reveals the tremendous loss and effect of system
failures and gives a lesson to avoid similar disasters in the future.
Space Shuttle Columbia Disaster On February 1st, 2003, Space Shuttle Columbia was destroyed on its way re–entering Earth and all 7 crew members
died in that accident. Space Shuttle, different from the one–time–used rocket launcher or manned spacecraft, is a partially reusable low earth orbital
spacecraft system operated by the United States National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). Each space shuttle may bring different
missions leave and re–enter Earth several times. Since the final flight of the Space Shuttle Columbia is the 113th flight of the Space Shuttle Program
and Columbia's 28th mission, we will refer 'Space Shuttle Columbia' in its final flight as 'STS–107' in the later passage. STS–107, carried equipment
and 7 crew members, was launched on January 16th, 2013 and was expected to stay in space

ColumbiaвЂ™s Final Mission Essay
This paper about Columbia's Final Mission Case.
Putting yourself in the shoes of the managers or engineers in the case (Ron Dittemore, Linda Ham, Don McCormack, Rodney Rocha, Pamela Madera,
Calvin Schomburg), consider the following questions?
What prior assumptions and beliefs shaped the way that you thought and behaved during the Columbia mission?
What pressures affected your behavior? Where did these pressures originate?
In what ways did the culture impact your actions?
If you were in that person's shoes during the Columbia mission, would you have behaved differently? Why or why not?
a)Rodney Rocha Rodney Rocha is a NASA engineer and co–chair of Debris Assessment Team (DTS). When possibility of wing damage... Show more
content on Helpwriting.net ...
b)Ron Dittemore Ronald Dittemore, manager of Shuttle Program, received reports directly from Wayne Hale (manager of Launch Integration) and
Linda Ham (manager of Space Shuttle Program Integration). It is clear that decision about foam issue was made based on communication with Linda
Ham, stating that in previous flights had no critical problems with foam. Dittemore did not attempt to receive a professional opinion from the
engineers. Furthermore, Rocha sent an e–mail to Dittemore in order to determine whether Columbia's crew could make a space walk to perform an
inspection of the wing. Answer to this e–mail was never received suggesting that communication attempts directly from engineers to high–level
managers were rejected. NASA is a complex organization that maintains strict reporting relationship. Information exchange is built on hierarchy and
rules did not facilitate fast informal communication between employees and high–level management. This filtering process diminished the information
flow to the key decision–makers. To solve this hierarchical structure managers like Dittemore should exaggerate their ambiguous threats, avoid status
differences and build trust among employees. Managers ought to communicate with specialists in order to obtain reliable information and understand
the situation.
c)Pamela Madera Pamela Madera, United Space Alliance engineering manager, was a chair of DAT. DAT was assigned to

Yang Liwei Research Paper
When you hear the name of Yang Liwei, do you know anything about him? If not, then maybe you do not know much about Chinese news. Yang Liwei
helped China do what two other countries before it could do, launch humans into space. The two countries that beat China were Russia and the United
States. Sure, other Chinese nationals were able to go to space, but Yang Liwei was the first Chinese citizen to go into space. This major
accomplishment for China was done on October 15, 2003. This date marked that launch of the Shenzhou 5 spacecraft launch, which Yang Liwei was
aboard. In China, the astronauts are called Taikonauts. Yang Liwei was born on June 21, 1965. He was born in Suizhong, Liaoning, China. Yang Liwei
had two parents. His mother was ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
10,000 yuan is equal to about 1,204 US dollars. This is actually lower than other pilots. His wife, Zhang Yumei was also in the Chinese space
program. Yang Liwei is 168 cm tall and is 65 kilograms. Yang also has an eight year old boy with his wife. Currently, Yang Liwei is fifty years old.
When he went to space on the Shenzhou 5, he was only 38 years old. Yang Liwei got back to Earth on October 16, 2003. He was parachuted from
the Shenzhou and landed in Mongolia. When the Shenzhou 5 landed, it was only about 4.8 kilometers off target. When Yang Liwei got to space, he
opened up the Chinese flag and the United States Flag. Yang Liwei also had a United Nations flag with him, but he decided not to open it up when he
reached space. When he Yang Liwei was in space, he flew for a total of six hundred thousand miles which was about fourteen Earth orbits. It took about
90 minutes for the Shenzhou 5 to orbit the Earth

Government Funded Versus Privately Funded Human Life
Introduction to Government Funded Versus Privately Funded Human Spaceflight
Getting into space isn 't easy. It required the world 's largest superpowers and billions of dollars of research and development to create the first
rockets capable of carrying human beings into space. Approximately 60 years later, we find ourselves still struggling to reach LEO (low–Earth Orbit)
without breaking the bank. With the retirement of the Space Shuttle in 2011, the United States has lost its only dedicated vehicle capable sending
astronauts and payloads into orbit. Relying on the Russian Soyuz vehicle for our missions, the price of sending people into space has continued to be
astronomical. America needs a new line of cheaper rockets to fit the demand of future missions, and what role the government should play in this
expensive development process is a complicated debate which affects many people. We 're paying too much to go to space. NASA typically contracts
out launch vehicles from private companies for their launch needs, and historically they have almost always gone to the United Launch Alliance (a
joint venture between Lockheed and Boeing). Up until recently, they have been one of the only organizations capable of sending cargo to both
low–Earth orbit and geosynchronous orbit (an orbit which matches the trajectory of the craft with the rotation of the Earth). As a result, a monopoly
has been created, and the price of sending anything into space costs a ridiculous amount of money.

What Are The Advantages And Disadvantages Of The Space...
Space manufacturing is a kind of industry which have the characters with high technology, capital and knowledge concentrated, and with a high entry
level. Generally, the support to the space industry mainly come from the local government. But this situation result in the whole space economy and
industry were divided by several large corporation. The space industry and manufacturing were influenced mainly by the domestic economy, so many
nations choose the strategy that support domestic manufacturer's development by awarding orders. From the angle of space supply chain, following
introduce the main America, European and Chinese Space "Primes", "Tier1" and "Tier2". 1.4.1Space agencies (Primes) Generally, in space supply
chain, the "Primes" refers to... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
As an organization of different Member States, the disadvantage is obvious, difficult to make final decision, many project must agree with each
members. Giant difficultly turn round. 1.4.1.3 CNSA The China National Space Administration (CNSA) is the national space agency of the People's
Republic of China. CNSA assumes the following main responsibilities: signing governmental agreements in the space area on behalf of organizations,
inter–governmental scientific and technical exchanges and also being in charge of the enforcement of national space policies and managing the
national space science, technology and industry. Although China's space program has existed since 1956, CNSA is a relatively space agency
created in 1993 with the approval by the Eighth National People's Congress of China when the Ministry of Aerospace Industry was split into CNSA
and the China Aerospace Corporation (CASC). Over the past few years, China's space industry has developed rapidly and China ranks among the
world's leading countries in certain major areas of space technology,

Jackie Robinson Impact On Society
Have you ever had a turning point, a huge change in life that either negatively or positively changed you? Warriors Don't Cry, by Melba Pattillo
Beals, I Never Had It Made, by Jackie Robinson, and "The Father of Chinese Aviation", by Rebecca Maskell, all show the main character being hugely
impacted. Melba Pattillo Beals, Jackie Robinson, and Feng Ru all had life changing experiences which hugely impacted both their countries and their
lives.
Melba Pattillo Beals helped change education for all African Americans. She chose to join the Little Rock Nine and by doing so she helped pave a
new education for all African Americans. On September 25, 1957 Beals and eight otherAfrican American students came across uniformed soldiers of
the 101st Screaming Eagle Division, In paragraph 1, the text states, "I saw them, about fifty uniformed soldiers of the 101st." The soldiers were there to
protect them from the hostile mobs and from the Arizona Coastal Guard. They led the students through the doors of the Central High ... Show more
Jackie Robinson was the first African American to play baseball in the Major Leagues. Robinson faced obstacles like racism from fans, teammates, and
team owners. In paragraph 3, the text states, "I had been forced to live with snubs and rebuffs and rejections." But something's changed these problems,
black people supported Jackie Robinson, and so did children who did not care about what race was the person, as long as they can play good. In
paragraph 4, the text states, "Some things counterbalanced this ugliness. Black people supported me with total loyalty." Because of Jackie Robinson's
difficult challenges, he made it so other African Americans could play Major League Baseball, changing his country. In conclusion, Jackie Robinson
was the first African American to join Major League Baseball which changed his country, allowing black people to play Major

Jackie Robinson Turning Point Analysis
1. How do turning points impact a person's life, family, and country? A turning point can be described as a life
–changing event that can have a negative
or positive outcome on a person. In the autobiography, "I Never Had It Made", by Jackie Robinson, the memoir, "Warriors Don't Cry", By Melba
Pattillo Beals, and the article, "The Father of Chinese Aviation" by Rebecca Maksel each of the individuals faced turning points.Jackie Robinson,
Melba Pattillo Beals, and Feng Ru all faced life–changing experiences that changed both their lives and their countries.
2. Jackie Robinson's life changed when he became the first black man to play in the world series and Major League Baseball (MLB) during a time of
segregation in America. These life–changing events challenged him because he had to face racially tense crowds and endured threats from teammates,
opponents, and bigoted fans. For example in paragraph three, the text states, "Some of my own teammates refused to accept me because I was black."
This quote explains a negative portraying event that comes upon Jackie Robinson. Also in paragraph three the text states, "There were threats against
me and my family and even out–and–out attempts and physical harm to me." This explains how Jackie felt uneasy about how the whites were trying
to put Jackie down. Despite the racism he faced, Robinson learned to have pride in his accomplishments and appreciate the courage, support, and
love shown by his supporters. For example, in paragraph eleven, the text states, "I don't think I'll ever forget that small, shrill voice of a tiny white
kid, in the midst of a racially tense atmosphere during an early game in a Dixie town, cried out, "Attaboy, Jackie." This explains how because of one
his supporters was cheering him on he felt he had to succeed even if most people wouldn't accept him. Jackie's challenges made him a popular name to
remember in the Major Leagues today.
3. Melba Pattillo Beals life changed when she integrated an all–white high school. The events challenged Beals because she faced racism and because
of this she built up confidence and character. In paragraph thirteen the text states, "Some of the white people looked totally horrified while others raised
their fists

Mongol Rocket Research Paper
When you hear the question "When was the first rocket made?" you probably answer something about NASA, right? You may be surprised to find
out that rockets have been around for approximately 2,000 years. In 1st century A.D., the Chinese had a form of gunpowder made from saltpeter,
sulfur, and charcoal dust. They put this gunpowder in tubes and threw them in a fire to make explosions during religious ceremonies. Some of these
tubes, propelled by the gunpowder, flew out of the fire and skittered around. The Chinese soon discovered that their firecrackers could propel
themselves and began to make use of them.The first known use of rockets was in 1232, when the Chinese and the Mongols were battling the war of
Kai– Keng. The Chinese drove the Mongols... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
When the chair seemed ready for liftoff, Wan Hu sat down and commanded to light the fuses. Forty–seven assistants with torches ran forward. In a loud
roar and billowing clouds of smoke, Wan Hu and his chair disappeared. Scientists aren't sure what really happened to the official, and if this
actually happened it is as likely that he and the chair blew up as it is that they flew. In the later part of the 17th century, Isaac Newton laid the
scientific foundations for rocketry. His understanding of motion was organized into three laws. They explain how rockets work and why they work
in the vacuum of space. These laws began to make an impact on how rockets were built. For instance, German and Russian experimenters started
making rockets that weighed more that 45 kilo. Their exhaust fumes were so strong; some made craters in the earth during lift off!At the end of the
18th and the beginning of the 19th centuries, rockets were once again used as weapons of war. They were successful against the Indians in little
battles in the years 1792 and 1799. Colonel William Congreve became interested in rocketry and started to design rockets for the British

Martin Luther King Jr. : Turning Points In Life
Turning points are important times in people's lives that can change the way people see the world. Turning points can also change history. Martin
Luther King Jr. had a turning point and changed history. A few people who wrote about their and others turning points in life. These people's stories
are I Never Had It Made an autobiography by Jackie Robinson, Warriors Don't Cry a memoir by Melba Beals, and "The Father Of Chinese Aviation" an
article by Rebecca Maksel. These stories are about Jackie Robinson, Melba Beals, and Feng Ru. All three of these people faced a turning point in their
lives. Jackie Robinson from I Never Had It Made smashed the unwritten law by becoming the first black player in the major league. In paragraph 1
Jackie Robinson states, "It was opening day of the world series and I was for the first time playing in the series as a member of the Brooklyn Dodgers
team." This was a big deal because most of the country was segregated so they had a lot of unwritten laws for blacks because of their skin color. Branch
Rickey broke the unwritten law in paragraph 2 when Jackie says, " Mr. Rickey had shocked some of his fellow baseball tycoons and angered others
by deciding to smash the unwritten law that kept blacks out of the big leagues." He uses a connotation of smash to emphasize how much of a big deal
it is. Even after Robinson got into the big leagues he faced discrimination from bigoted fans, and rejection from teammates and other and other
teammates. He also

Physical Science
Physical Science I have learned from my twenty years of service in the U.S. Air Force, significant background knowledge of the history of the space
shuttle. In September 1969, two months after the first manned lunar landing, a Space Task Group appointed by the President of the United States to
study the future course of U.S. space research and exploration made the recommendation that "...the United States accept the basic goal of a balanced
manned and unmanned space program. To achieve this goal, the United States should ...develop new systems of technology for space
operation...through a program directed initially toward development of a new space transportation capability..." According to Cox (1962), many
responsible observers felt that we... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Rutondo (1994) emphasized that the craft should possess sufficient thrust to allow it to pass through the speed of sound as rapidly as possible During
the first stage ascent I have learned that after about two minutes, when the shuttle is about 45 kilometers (28 miles) high and traveling more than 4,828
kilometers per hour (3,000 mph), the propellant in the two boosters is exhausted and the booster casings are jettisoned. They parachute into the Atlantic
Ocean, splashing down about 225 kilometers (140 miles) off the Florida coast. The empty boosters –– the largest solid rockets ever built –– are
recovered by special NASA ships to be eventually refilled with fuel and launched again. The solid fuel used by the boosters is actually powdered
aluminum –– a form of the same metal you find in foil wraps in your kitchen –– with oxygen provided by a chemical called ammonium perchlorate.
After the main engines shut down, the shuttle is in an egg–shaped orbit that, if nothing changed, would cause it to re–enter the atmosphere above the
Pacific Ocean, the same as what happens to the external

Space Exploration : The Space Shuttle
In the early years of space exploration, the concept of a reusable spacecraft existed only in science fiction. This, however, changed in 1972 when
President Richard Nixon announced the launch of the Space Shuttle Program. The Space Shuttle would have a shape similar to a jet plane and would
be able to reenter the atmosphere, safely land in an airstrip and be ready for use again after a thorough maintenance process. Designing this kind of
craft would require never–before–seen engineering techniques and inventions, the most famous of which are the insulating tiles that allow it to
withstand the very high reentry temperatures, which can reach up to 2300 В°F.
The insulating tiles represented one of the biggest design challenges in the shuttle. The material would need to be lightweight and cost effective. It must
be able to withstand impact from orbital debris as well as very high and low temperatures, and it must have minimal thermal conductivity and heat
expansion. Most importantly, it must be reusable. In order to fulfill all these requirements, NASA created the Thermal Protection System (TPS). The
TPS is mostly comprised of High–Temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (HRSI) and Low–Temperature Reusable Surface Insulation (LRSI). The
materials involved in the TPS would cover the outside of the Space Shuttle and provide protection against the cold temperatures of outer Space (as low
as –250 F), as well as the extremely high reentry temperatures of the atmosphere (as high as

Chinese Nuclear Chronology: China's Pre-Cultural Revolution
The Lung family were transported to Beijing where Chi was assigned to a team of scientists exploring rocketry. Very quickly the Chinese government
saw his potential and generous promotions were given. By the year 1953, Chi had two young children and his wife taught at an American university in
Beijing. Chi was unable to attend the birth of his children because at the time, he was working with Soviet engineers and collaborating with scientists in
the Soviet Union. He would spend two years there building relationships with other scientists and administrators. In 1955, Chi returned home to Beijing
(China Nuclear Chronology). In early 1955, the Chinese government decided that pursuing a nuclear weapon would be in the interest of national
security (China Nuclear Chronology). Chi was sent back to the Soviet Union to work with the scientists with whom he had built such strong ... Show
He researched satellite delivery methods alongside other Chinese scientists who had not been purged during the Cultural Revolution. He remembered
what it was like for scientist's pre–cultural revolution. Upon reflection, he realized that it was not the same. Maybe it would never be the same way
again. Chi mostly spent his summers working for the government as he developed a strong passion for teaching and his students. In 1984, his work
with the Chinese government showed strong results as China launched its first geo–stationary communication satellite (China in space: timeline). At
this same time his remaining daughter, Bi, was thirty and had moved to the United States after pursuing a graduate degree in mathematics. After the
horrors of her childhood, Bi wanted to escape the memories of her past. Chi and Clarissa wish to be with their daughter again. However, Chi's
restriction on leaving the country was never lifted. Even so, Clarissa's heart remained in China as it is had been her home for the last 30

U.s. National Security : The World 's Largest Country Essay
With the focus on terror–based groups and the Middle East over the last fifteen years, many in the United States (US) are unfamiliar with the threat
more conventional nation–states pose to the country's national security. China, Iran, and Russia are seen as the three biggest threats to U.S. national
security. AlthoughRussia does not dominate the intelligence disciplines of HUMINT, OSINT, and cyber, its strengths in SIGINT, IMINT, and MASINT
make it the biggest threat to the US.
HUMINT
Russia's HUMINT program is slightly behind China's, but slightly ahead of Iran's. China encourages its citizens to bring back information when they
travel abroad. As the world's largest country, this gives them an almost unlimited supply of sources to bring back information to the motherland. China
also sees non–native Chinese as still owing allegiance to China and draws on people's ethnic ties as another means to recruit sources and gather
intelligence (Pike n.d.). Although exact numbers of HUMINT operatives for Russia and China are unknown, Russia likely possesses fewer human
assets than China. Along with having fewer people to work with, Russia uses standard HUMINT tactics to recruit sources and gather information.
These tactics include paying for intelligence or using blackmail to force people into giving Russia secrets (Pike 2012). Despite several high–profile
discoveries of Chinese and Russian agents in the US over the past 30 years, both China and Russia remain highly proficient of

Space Flight Research Paper
History of Space Flight and Current Development
Benet Thekkel
Today edition of Aero magazine will cover the technological advancements throughout the history of space flight. The dream of reaching space was
made possible, when Chinese invented gunpowder rockets in 1232. It was initially used as fireworks, then later on it was use advanced into warfare
tactics. The gunpowder consisted of simple ingredients such as charcoal dust, sulfur and potassium nitrate. The end of the rocket is left open as the
ignited powder produced fire, smoke, gas and thrust which enabled the high velocity forward motion.
Shortly after, Mongols gained the secret weapon of China and spread the knowledge to Western Europe and all over Asia.
In the 17th century, rocketry ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The equipment used in the moon landing was tested in the first four flights and other six landed on the moon. In 1969, Neil Armstrong surfaced on
moon along with his crew. Another significant mission was the Apollo 13, where a group of astronauts were sent to the moon and returned without
landing on the moon. This was due to the malfunction of the centre engine and the explosion in the oxygen tanks which damaged the Service module.
The last moon landing was in 1972.
Humans have come a long way from living on the surface of Earth to Space. Five different space agencies such as NASA, ROSCOSMOS, the
Canadian Space agency, the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency and the European Space Agency, representing 15 countries, joined together to build
a $100 billion International Space Station and it still continues to operate today. It is the largest structure that we have put into space and it is used as
an observation platform for astronomical, geological and environmental research and a laboratory for new technologies. It also serves as a
stepping–stone for further space exploration including the mars expedition.
After the moon landing, human settlement on Mars is the next giant leap for humankind. The current developments of NASA are to send humans to
an asteroid by 2025 and Mars by 2030. The Mars rover known as 'Curiosity' is already on the surface of Mars collecting data and sending back to

The 2008 Beijing Olympics: China Pushes Towards...
The 2008 Beijing Olympics: China Pushes Towards Modernization
The Olympics are always used as a way for the host city to put on a display of its culture and show the world its myriad social and economical
triumphs. The host country can, in just a couple weeks, show the world what a wonderful place it is. The Olympics have in the past been able to
prompt a world awareness of the host country and create a lingering legacy. Beijing will attempt to do all these things, but the stakes will be much
higher. China is the most populous country in the world and at the center of many global issues. With itsaccession to the World TradeOrganization
(WTO) in 2001, China made a big step in accepting the challenge from other world powers to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
First, I would like to give a brief history of China's ascension to the WTO and the modernization efforts that have been underway the past couple of
years. The past decade, China has experienced incredible economic growth due to its government policies of opening up. The process of opening up
started in 1978 with China's economic reforms. These centered on transitioning China slowly from a planned economy to what is called a "socialist
market economy" (Long). Yet, China still kept many of its protections against foreign involvement in the Chinese market. From 1987 to 2001, the
WTO and China had been in talks to insure China's accession to the WTO. During that time China invoked numerous policies that continued the
process of opening up to the rest of the world. According to the WTO, "China has substantially reduced its tariff levels for many items, eliminated
over–whelming majority of its non–tariff measures, gradually opened its service sectors, abolished the mandatory plan for imports and exports,
eliminated export subsidies, established its market–based pricing mechanism, unified the exchange system, realized the convertibility of RMB under
current account in international transactions, unified taxation system and provided national treatment to imported product" (Long).
The changes have on the whole been very successful. People

Chicago's Chinatown Case Study
Improving Open Space of Chicago's Chinatown Open space serves recreational areas for residents and helps to enhance the environmental and
aesthetic quality of neighborhoods. National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) indicates that the typical park and recreation agency has 9.6
acres of parkland for per 1,000 residents and even the lower quartile of the rate is still 4.6. NPPA also recommend 4 acres per 1,000 as a standard.
However, the Chinatown only has 2.5 acres of park space per 1,000 residents, which is much lower than the typical and recommended standard.
Additionally, there is no City–owned vacant lots available within the community. The Chinatown has two parks, the Ping Tom Memorial Park on its
northern edge and Sun Yet–Sen Park

A Comparison Of The Challenger And Columbia Explosions
Exploring NASA:
A Comparison of the Challenger and Columbia Explosions
Jennifer Waldroup
HIS 247
November 17,2014
It holds true that government organizations gradually decline; the enthusiasm is replaced with bureaucracy, employees are resistant to change and
overall performance is decreased. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) is no exception to this. NASA is an example of
bureaucracy having a detrimental effect on an organization. The lines of communication became skewed and were often broken while the
organization was locked in an internal battle over who exactly was in charge. While there were heads of each department and heads of each branch,
critical information often slipped through the cracks. It was this breakdown in communication and the failure to address known issues that was the
direct cause for both the Challenger and Columbia explosions. The explosions, though separated by seventeen years, were incredibly similar.
Concerns had been brought to the table and similarly dismissed as "acceptable risk." This acceptable risk proved fatal for the crews of both space
shuttles. Bureaucracy and financial expediency led to reduced federal funding, general distrust from the public, and growing disinterest. The
organization that sent men to the moon is vastly different than the organization in charge today. NASA's beginnings were less clouded in red tape and
bureaucratic policies. Ideas were

Will Asia Win The Next Space Race?
Will Asia Win The Next Space Race?
Earth has changed significantly since man first left its atmosphere over a half century ago. Human technology has advanced at a nearly exponential
rate, making it easier and easier to foray into space. The countries of the world have transformed nearly as quickly. When Neil Armstrong first stepped
onto the desolate surface of the moon there were only two nations in the world whose citizens had entered orbit: the Soviet Union and the United
States. Today there are thirty–eight. However, only three countries have independently launched manned spacecraft; China joined the United States and
the Soviet Union/Russia in 2003. This would have undoubtedly come as a huge shock to the NASA scientists of the Apollo era. China has become one
of the most active space–going nations and doesn't show any signs of slowing down. The other giant of Asia has not been slacking either; India has
developed a space program with a relatively tiny budget but is checking off milestones rapidly. They didn't send a mission to the moon until 2008 but
reached Mars in 2014 [3]. The Americans are still the biggest players in space but their future is uncertain. Lack of public support has led to budget
cuts at NASA; it is tough to justify launching billions of dollars deep into space when the country is trillions of dollars in debt. Although the United
States has a significant head start in space exploration some experts believe that either China or India could overtake them

Darpa Research Paper
DARPA
"We cannot solve a problem by using the same kind of thinking we used when we created them," Albert Einstein. This is a great way to describe
DARPA. DARPA, Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency, is a branch of the Department of Defence, that develops technology for the military to
keep our soldiers safe. Although some of their creations are products we take for granted. DARPA is an important company, and the World will not be
the same without them.
DARPA was started in February of 1958, by President Eisenhower (History). The reason was the success of the Sputnik project. Sputnik was the first
artificial satellite to be sent into space in 1957 (Sputnik). This feat was completed by Soviet Space Program (History). DARPA's mission is ... Show
The ElectRx, Electrical Prescriptions program will be used to help people heal themselves faster, and heal diabetes and rheumatoid arthritis
(DARPA). Pulling again from Science fiction DARPA is developing lasers that can kill (Bender). For now the technology is only used for ABM,
anti ballistic missile, purposes. Eventually these will replace ship to ship missiles on US Navy ships. They are also working on liquid metal missiles
also know as MAHEM (Jensen). These missiles send molten metal to penetrate enemy armor. DARPA is also wants to develop autonomous robot
soldiers like the T–1000 from Terminator (Jensen). They will also be innovating bullets with the Exacto self guided bullets (Bender). They can adjust
their direction mid flight, making sure that they always hit their target.
Overall DARPA is an important company, with such creations as the internet and siri, and other advancements for themilitary to keep our soldiers safe .
We may take these and many more technologies for granted, but the world wouldn't be the same without

Space Exploration : The Space Program
Everyday people stare into the darkness above completely marveled by the bright lights painted across the sky. While the world above us appears
beautiful and mystifying, it does not feel pivotal in our daily routine. The main concerns of many people comprise of paying their taxes and picking
their children up from daycare; however, most people do not spend hours on end contemplating the urgency of exploring the unknown in the vast
universe above. Because many people do not consider the importance of space exploration in their everyday lives, funding the space program seems
completely preposterous. Many people wonder why the government should spend billions of dollars exploring the unknown when the United States has
a debt ceiling approaching seventeen trillion dollars. The magnitude of space travel feels minuet when ample issues still exist here on Earth. However,
the United States Government must fund the space program because it provides thousands of improvements to everyday technologies and provides
humans with the ability to someday leave Earth behind.
To begin, The United States government should put ample funds in the space program to continue to improve everyday technologies. The National
Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has been behind thousands of technologies that we take for granted in our everyday lives. NASA
produces technologies known as "spin–offs." These spinoffs begin as technologies implemented in NASA missions, but after their use in

Analyzing The Many Facets We Face
The purpose of this commentary paper is to explain and describe the many facets we face in our working day. I work for a company that makes
aftermarket parts for mining dragline shovels, extensive cutting spades, parts for railroad rail cars, undercarriages for TRAC type equipment, and the
notorious NASA Space Shuttle program in which we built the shuttle crawler which transported the Space Shuttle to the launch pad. Our environment
is very dynamic and spans across different cultures and countries.
Have you ever thought about how companies maintain a working relationship with other countries working in the same line of business? Let me tell
you, that we are not all that different, as we share rather the same goals and results. A working environment that is motivated by themining industry is
both dynamic and exciting. Our company is based out of Gillette, Wyoming and has a population of 29,000 people. The resources and availability
factors skilled labor and education in the mining industry with a communication infrastructure. The mining industry follows a code of law which is
strongly influenced by OSHA's rules and regulations, which sometimes are policed by political processes. Today, many companies if not most, are
driven by digital access. We rely on connectivity to ensure a strong infrastructure, keeping connectivity reliable and consistent supporting a precise
manufacturing process. Our company has a global presence in Chile, India, Mexico, Canada, as well as the

Vancouver's Chinatown: Case Study
Finish reading over 50 Apexart exhibition proposals, in my opinion, the most compelling one is the project about the past and future of the Vancouver's
Chinatown. The program is inspired by the underground bunker which was built by Chinese, who used those bunkers, like a safe heaven, to hid and
took refugee from mobs and harassments of non–Chinese Vancouverities encouraged by the government's discriminatory actions aimed at burning
down Chinatown. It is very similar compared to current situation that today's real estate developers impersonate these mobs, infiltrating with commerce
instead of violence, which raises the rent and push out the remaining generations of Chinatown community. However, the bunker is still there,
unchanged and untouched, also a potential space. One of the programs is that Artists will be invited to create works, boxes containing art pieces, which
descent below the suface in the space of Chinatown, including an unnamed park, where... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
There are loads of themes/topics that those proposals address, such as the nature environment, politics, culture, local community, self–identity, refugee,
immigrant, war, science, food, in memory of someone important, and relationship between different people, countries or cultures. I read several
proposals addressing politics related to trump's policy, three of which are about the relationship between Mexico and America. In some mid–east
proposal, the proposals discussing the district safety and the cotradiction between various areas seem

Risk Management Questions Essay
develop a methodology for quantifying risks, or should each situation be addressed individually? Can we have both a quantitative and qualitative risk
evaluation system in place at the same time?
Yes, a quantitative and qualitative risk management system can be in place at the same time. Since theSpace Shuttle Program is so large and
complicated, it would be in their best interest to incorporate both quantitative and qualitative risk management evaluations together. Alone, neither
system is sufficient in analyzing nor predicting all the risks involved in the program. It is the flaw of a qualitative system in that it relies too much on
human opinion and instinct instead of concrete data, while a quantitative relies too heavily on ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
3. How should risk quantification problems be resolved if there exist differences of opinion between the customer and the contractors?
Within a project, the project's success and budget belong to and are the responsibility of the customer. The Customer should have the final say in
regards to what is acceptable and unacceptable in regards to risk and the quantification of risk. It is however, the contractor's responsibility to be the
primary source of expertise on a project or what they are being contracted to do. The contractor should offer their opinion and recommendations, and
the customer should take their contractors opinions and recommendations seriously due to their expertise in the area. Overall, collaboration between
the customer and the contractor should be the ultimate way to resolve a matter of dispute. Members from both the customer and contractor side
should meet discuss historical events, modeling and simulation to arrive at the appropriate answer. Also, with quantifying risk, the customer and the
contractor should be able to go back and look at the data. With risk quantification, there should be very little room for opinion and judgment which
should make it easy to base a decision or a resolution based on hard core data. If a solution or an answer is not able to be decided upon, a third party
consultation

Disasters Caused By Natural Disasters
Disasters are a series of disruptions involving widespread human, material, economic or environmental losses and effects, which exceeds the
capability of that affected community to cope up with its already present resources. Disasters have been happening ever since the beginning of
time. Every disaster can be classified as either a human caused disaster which basically involves the negligence or irresponsibility of one single
person or a group of people, or natural caused disasters. Natural disasters may happen due to volcanic eruption, earthquakes, tsunamis, etc. and
many other causes. Sometimes disaster can also be intertwined between both human caused and natural disasters. In this essay we are going to talk
about some of the most famous engineering disaster which has an intertwined fate with natural and human caused effects. The disasters also range
from ground, to air, to sea and also space disasters. On May 6, 1937, the Hindenburg arriving from Frankfurt was one of the biggest airship
disasters took place in Lakehurst, New Jersey. This disaster was a mixture of both human caused and natural cause. The actual cause of the disaster
was never found although many hypotheses had been proposed, but it is said that the ignition of fire was caused by some form of electricity.
However, there has been a lot of controversy about the fire's fuel. The fabric skin of the airship, or the hydrogen that was used as buoyancy was
suggested as the initial fuel for the fire. Helium was

Quaint Abstractions: CRG Gallery Analysis
4.Butt Johnson's Exhibition "Quaint Abstractions" at CRG Gallery Visiting CRG Gallery was not in my original plan. I walked into the gallery for
the first time when I noticed it on the way to Lehmann Maupin, and I was surprised to know that CRG Gallery has been open since 1990. The current
exhibition features a new series of drawings from the artist Butt Johnson, which is the artist's second show at CRG Gallery. The gallery is on the
ground floor with floor–to–ceiling glass doors, which the viewer could be able to have a panoramic view of the small space outside the gallery.
Johnson's abreact drawings are arresting with different compositions, colors, and forms. By using Ballpoints, Gelly roll pens, Crayola crayons, and
Exacto knife incisions,... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
"Fu Xiaotong: Land of Serenity" at Chambers Fine Art Specializing in contemporary Chinese works, Chambers Fine Art is one of the galleries that I
must visit in Chelsea neighborhoods. Opened in New York in 2000, Chambers Fine Art was one of the first galleries in the United States to promote
Chinese contemporary artists. The gallery program alternates between monographic exhibitions devoted to the work of established and emerging artists
and thematic exhibitions organized by recognized scholars and critics from

CASE NASA Essay
Case: NASA
Davenport University
Due: November 5, 2013
Introduction
The end of the space shuttle program has brought a great loss to NASA and the employee at the Kennedy Space Center. This loss not only effect the
direct employees but have also effect the contractors at Alliant Techsystem, whom was task with much of the construction of the Ares rocket that would
catapult the Orion capsule and known as one of the most established supplier for NASA.
As the space shuttle program come to an end, ATK started collecting data from employee's departure (turnover) to create a model that calculate the
possibility of the turnover rate. As indicated in the textbook, "Organization Behavior" – "It is the worst scenario for a ... Show more content on
Helpwriting.net ...
Flight Risk Models
The flight risk model is used to predict a turnover rate and prevent an employee from leaving before it happens. These models takes to account the
employee's age and tenure, marital status, the criticality of his or her job role, linkages to other "flight risk" employees, changes in benefit–related
issues, and seasonality. (Organizational Behavior, 2013, p. 62) As ATK have used several flight risk models to stop the most serious form of physical
withdrawal, quitting, the one factor that I feel is most important is being able to prepare for a life situation that can cause a turnover to happen. For
example, boosting the employee's commitment can prevent quitting from happening. This can be done by creating affective commitment, continuance
commitment, normative commitment and focus of commitment which gives reasons for employees to stay within the company. I feel that the least
important is the workforce metrics because this doesn't really contribute to the employees within the organizations. As an employee, acknowledgement
and rewards are important factors to keep an employee within the company. Turnover rate can be essentially high if management fails to recognize this.
Manage issues with turn over
Turnover for NASA or ATK employees are well aware from the ending of thespace shuttle program. This gives management time to look into
prevention, as well as preparing for turnover. Data gather for the prediction of the turnover can

Canada Day Essay
On Canada Day, we celebrate our great country; a nation that allows us to be Canadian while rejoicing in our personal heritage and diversity.
While countries around the world struggle with the notion of immigration, Torontonians can take pride in a recent BBC study that declared Toronto as
the most diverse city in the world.
It couldn't be a more fitting time for the new Toronto Ward Museum to begin operations. The museum seeks to create a space for the life stories of
everyday people to be heard. It also challenges Torontonians to connect stories of the city's past, not only to their own history, but to current issues
affecting newcomer communities today.
While the task may seem daunting, the Toronto Ward Museum has already begun to tell the city's local stories in an unconventional way– through food.
This past week, the museum initiated the "Dishing Up Toronto" program with three walking tours in Toronto and its suburbs. Immigrants... Show more
"Enjoyment and appreciation of food is universal and has provided so many bridges between disparate cultures. Chinese food was adapted for Western
palates and became the main attraction for people to venture into Chinatown and have the chance to meet and learn about Chinese people.
City Councillor Mary Fragedakis, attended one of the "Dishing Up Toronto" tours. "It is just wonderful how the Ward Museum wraps together fabulous
food, history, culture and learning into a truly enchanting experience," she explains.
Gracia Dyer Jalea, co–founder of the Toronto Ward Museum, obviously agrees. "History often gets told by an elite few. The life stories of everyday
people are seldom recognized," she says. "Food has the ability to open people's minds and hearts," she adds. "It is an intimate experience that can
create space for dialogue. It can bring us together!"
Ahead of Canada, we can all say "bon apetit" to

Jackie Robinson Impact On Society
Extended writing project–Caitlyn Akichika
Life changing events can affect more than just yourself, they can also affect your country. Melba Pattillo Beals, Feng Ru, and Jackie Robinson all
faced life changing events that affected them and their countries. The sources used are "The Father of Chinese Aviation" by Rebecca Maksel, I
Never Had It Made by Jackie Robinson, and Warriors Don't Cry by Melba Pattillo Beals. Feng Ru, Melba Beals, and Jackie Robinson all faced
discrimination, however in the end they overcame it through perseverance and hard work. Jackie Robinson overcame discrimination by becoming a
great baseball player. Melba Beals had help overcoming discrimination from the military and was thankful that the country that had discriminated ...
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After he finished his airplane anti–chinese sentiment was on the rise in America. According to Maksel Feng left just in time, "Feng was leaving just in
time: anti–chinese sentiment was on the rise in the American west', and the Oregonian reported of the pilot's latest flight : "Immigration officials and
custom inspectors are today said to be gnashing their teeth'. This shows that anti–chinese sentiment was on the rise since the inspectors and
immigration officials are said to be "gnashing their teeth" . Even though Feng Ru faced great difficulties, he still pursued his dream. Although
anti–chinese sentiment was on the rise, Feng Ru still followed his dream and took great risks to realize it. By following his dream, Feng Ru became
an even harder worker. His work has impacted his country by helping improve the chinese space program today even though he is dead. In paragraph 3
the text states, "China even considers its space program to be based upon the foundations of Feng's work". This shows that China was influenced so
much by Feng that they consider the foundation of their space program to be based on his

Article IV Of The Outer Space Treaty Of 1967
The United States of America relies heavily on its ability to operate in the most contested and most undetermined domain, space. The space domain is
one of the newest domains that the United States finds itself contending in, desperate to combat the unknown or unforeseen. The battle ground is the
contentious and hugely unknown areas that float above the heavens. The soldiers the best and brightest engineers and physicists that the world has
ever known. The front lines are the exponentially long math equations that produce precise launch equations that place objects in orbit around our
Earth. Those objects are satellites and their functions are as numerous as the varieties of their uses multiplied by the nations that own them. They
control everything from the precise time that is printed on your Starbucks receipt to the exact location that a Tomahawk cruise missile destroys its
target. Space based technology is interwoven throughout our government, the military, the U.S. economy, but it's also provides a level of peace and
security to the American people. Even though the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 strictly prohibits the militarization of space, the U.S. Department of
Defense has a strategic obligation to protect the U.S. Space Program from its near peer adversaries because of the impacts on the global economy and
to the security of United States citizens.
Article IV of the Outer Space Treaty of 1967 prohibits those States Parties to the Treaty not to place in orbit

Why We Shoud Go to Mars
Why We Should Go to Mars
Kenneth C. Brown II
Why We Should Go to Mars
Richard, an author for the website GOVTEEN Global Community, wrote an article briefly explaining why we as a nation, should not go to Mars.
Some of the key points of his argument against going to Mars stressed that the financial cost would be too high, it would require several new spacecraft
and ground habitats, and several new technologies that currently do not exist. He also was concerned about the budget cuts that have already stripped
the National Aeronautical Space Administration (NASA) to a shell of what the space program used to be. He also stressed that we are still in an armed
conflict that has put a strain on our nation, economically and emotionally. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The American people find themselves frustrated with their elected officials now that there is a government shutdown in effect with no immediate end
in sight. The nation is once again in need of a beacon, positive light to stand behind, something to fire the minds of the young and old, something to
inspire a nation to see beyond their frustration and anger.
Safely landing and returning humans from Mars, the closest Earth–like planet in our solar system, would be the biggest accomplishment for
generations. It would capture the imagination of not only our nation, but the world. From the initial launch, to the six month transit, to the landing.
would help to inspire new technologies for generations. The technology used to get the crew there and back, would eventually find it's way into the
private sector and enhance to lives of the average person or household. Yes, it would be expensive: however the payoff would be worth the risk.
When our space program was in its infancy, racing against the Russians, it suffered many setbacks. We lost several spacecraft to explosions on the
launch pad, and lost crew members to horrific fires, as was the case in the Apollo program. Millions of dollars were poured into the space program
during that time, a lot of money for that time period. Eventually it overcame its failures to succeed when it mattered.
There is also the competitive spirit that has historically driven our nation to try and be first in

How Can Poor Countires Afford Space Programs? Essay
The world today seems to be heading outside its limits. The same way India has decided to launch its orbiter into Mars and become one of the few
countries with this ability. But, there are many problems that India will face and many issues that they must look into before focusing on such a drastic
occasion that will change the view of the world. India needs to realize the downfall within its country before reaching out and helping others.
The ignored economy. To begin anything, the first step is to recognize the capital resources needed to start such a big task. Kaul (2013) reported that
more than 65% of India consists of poor people that fall below the poverty line; additionally, the Press Trust of India (2013) released that India makes...
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One of the more important investments is in the field of meteorology where weather forecasters and communication satellites could have been crafted
(Hsu, 2013). The other argument that India faced and is relevant to the use of technology is that the orbiter created by the ISRO cannot carry much
weight and is slower than previous orbiters created by other countries (Hsu, 2013). Bennett (2013) discussed that the problems in India and around the
world are so high that India could have used that technology to resolve issues on Earth.
Ulterior motive. No person, let alone country, is free of thinking for their own interest. This sort of criticism is rational and is the same thought that
Bennett (2013) stated. The reason that India is after releasing the orbiter in a hurry (Hsu, 2013) is because they might want to be ahead of China
since they are India's rivals (Bennett, 2013). The other fact is that previous orbiters, more than half, had failed, making India more interested in
launching the orbiter and redefining their image (Hsu, 2013; Bennett, 2013). This mission is criticized for portioning the rich from the poor people
says (A.R., 2013). It is the perfect cover for the elites and socialites to take control of the resources that would be extracted from Mars (A.R., 2013).
The fight for power. The one thing everyone wants to avoid is war and political dramas. Hume (2013) mentioned that India's launch of the orbiter is
just a fight over power

The Chinese Room Argument
While proponents of strong AI believe that machines are capable of imitating human consciousness so well that it might be perceived as actually
obtaining consciousness, others such as John Searle believe otherwise. Another logical stance on the question is accepting that machines are able to
behave as though it has a conscious mind physically, but also arguing that machines will never be able to possess thisconsciousness as though a human
would. This second type of viewpoint is considered WeakArtificial Intelligence, otherwise known as narrow artificial intelligence. Weak AI is
acknowledging that machines can simulate consciousness computationally, but that is different from actually obtaining consciousness.
One of the most widely known ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Searle believed that simply manipulating symbols will not ensure computers are able to think or understand, in other words, knowing syntax does not
mean understanding the semantics, and function does not mean understanding.
There are of course many criticisms of Searle's Chinese Room Argument, the main ones include the Systems Reply, the Robot Reply, the Brain
Simulator Reply, the Other Minds Reply, and the Intuition Reply.
In Searle's Chinese Room Argument, the person inside the room is defined as not able to understand Chinese. But in response to that, the Systems
Reply brings up the point that while the person might not know any Chinese, the system as a whole understands Chinese. The Virtual Mind Reply is
similar to the Systems Reply in that the person inside the room might not understand Chinese by him or herself. But Virtual Mind Reply questions
whether understanding is created or not. While the person in the room might not have any knowledge of Chinese at the beginning, running the system
might create an agent that does have understanding of Chinese. The Robot Reply, while accepting that the person in the room might not understand
Chinese or the computer in the room does not understand a particular language, suggests that "giving a computer a body" would mean something
different for the computer. Being able to interact with the environment using sensors might enable the computer to learn. The Brain Simulator Reply
suggests to consider the program being

Chin Culture, Economic, Political, Military Perspective
China: culture, economic, political, military perspective
Class 13D 003–17
SGT Moreno, Adam
Introduction China is a nation in East Asia whose vast landscape covers grassland, desert, mountains, lakes, rivers and more than 14,000km
(8699.1967mi) of coastline. China borders 14 different countries; Afghanistan, Pakistan, Vietnam, North Korea, Russia, Bhutan, Burma, Nepal, Laos,
Kyrgyzstan, Mongolia, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and India (Kallie Szczepanski). The capital Beijing mixes modern architecture with historic sites such
as the Forbidden City palace complex and Tiananmen Square. Shanghai is a skyscraper–studded global financial center. The iconic Great Wall ofChina
runs east to west across the country 's north. China, ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The fighting style based on animal movements (Chinese Culture). In mid–January and mid–February, China has the Spring Festival, which marks the
beginning of the Lunar New Year and is a time to honor their ancestors. The festival lasts for fifteen days and the Chinese do something every day to
welcome the New Year. The holiday celebrates with parades with dancers dressed as dragons and fireworks. ECONOMY
The economy of China can be difficult to understand and follow; here is an overview on the Nation's economy. In 1820 China was the largest
economy in the world, today it is the second largest. China lifted more people out of poverty than any other country, to where urban areas in China,
poverty is eliminated (Project Specialist, Economic Growth and Social Inclusion Initiative, World Economic Forum). China is the world's
manufacturing hub due to the fact that it specializes in labor–intensive and export led production of cheap goods. Many US companies prefer to
manufacture in China because the work is fast and cheap. "China is the world's largest exporter and the second largest importer of merchandise
goods" (Project Specialist, Economic Growth and Social Inclusion Initiative, World Economic Forum). By 2030, it is expected that China will once
again be the world largest economy.
POLITICAL
China's historical records date back to 5000 years ago. "The people's Republic of China is a socialist republic that is ruled by a single party, The
Communist Party of

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