This document provides information on a land use mapping project for Pigeon Island in Sri Lanka. It includes: - Background on Pigeon Island being declared a sanctuary in 1963 and national park in 2003. - Gaps in existing data and studies that need to be addressed. - Methods that will be used including satellite images, software, and data analysis procedures. - Expected outputs including land cover maps at different administrative levels, socioeconomic data, fisheries data, protected areas, and administrative boundaries. The project aims to fulfill existing data gaps on coastal habitats, land use, and more to provide information to agencies involved in decision making for the Pigeon Island Special Management Area. A variety of data sources

1. AWARANA Environmental Management Service
No.53C, Palawatta, Battaramulla
Sri Lanka Phone: +94 011 2849167
Email: emscsl2008@gmail.com
1
Kapila Gunarathne
(M.Sc,Warwick, U.K (1998) in Ecosystem Analysis and
Governance, B.A(hons) Geography(1993),
Peradeniya Sri Lanka
Preparation of comprehensive land use
map for Pigeon Island
Participatory Coastal Zone Restoration and Sustainable Management Project

2. 2
*Declared as a sanctuary in
1963
*Re-designated as a National
Park under the Fauna and
Flora Protection Ordinance
by the Department of
Wildlife Conservation in
2003
*Pigeon Island NP boundary
demarcated as an one-mile
radius, including its coral
reefs and marine habitats
Extent of the PI is 5.4 Hectares

3. 3
*EML, 2013, Establishing Baseline Inventories of Flora and Fauna in
Three identified Coastal Ecosystem in the Eastern Province, EML
Consultants Pvt. Ltd, Colombo.
*Green Tech consultants (2009). A review of coral reefs on the east
coast of Sri Lanka: Distribution, Ecology, Status and Threats. Final
Report pp93. Annexure 04, August 2010. NEC/PO/TECS(III)/08/18,
NECCDEP/Green Tech Consultants, ADB Loan 2027 SRI (SF): North East
Coastal Community Development Project (NECCDEP).
*Trincomalee Bay Special Area Management Plan (NECCDEP, 2010b).

4. 4
Gaps identified
*Identify the impact from the land area due to the agricultural
practices and other industrial establishment along the coastal line
in quantitatively.
* Identify the extent of live coral areas and demarcate those areas in
order to set management objectives and formulated management
plan to ensure long term management of the coral reef ecosystem.
*Identify extent of mangrove in the study area and in individual
lagoon and estuaries.

5. 5
*Provide adequate qualitative and quantitative data and information to
relevant agencies for Pigeon Island Special Management Area(PISMA).
*Fulfill data gaps in existing studies and assessment already conducted in
the area.
*Prepare bench mark of Existing coastal habitat, Geographical extent,
Mangrove, Forest, Coastal vegetation, very specifically Coral distribution
and other land cover and land use data etc.
*Share data and information among the key agencies involved in decision
making process at local level.

6. 6

7. 7
* Earlier it was considered only
5 GNDs of Kuchchaweli DSD.
* Pigeon Island Marine National
Park and surrounding sea
areas.

8. 8
In considering
of the spatial
relationship to
the Pigeon
Island, the
study area
extended to
Kuchchaveli
DSD & Town and
Gravets DSD

9. 9

10. 10

11. 11
*Data Source
* Satellite Images
*World View 2 (Sea area)
*Digital Globe (from Google earth – Land area )
* Topology Maps
scale 1: 10,000 and 1: 50,000, Survey Department
and 1:10,000.
Worldview2
satellite image
0.5m resolution

12. 12
7. Data Analysis Procedure

13. 13
* Super Map Deskpro. Net 7c
* Ultimate Maps Downloader
* ENVI 5.
* ERDAS 2011
* ATCOR 2011
* Arc GIS 10.1
8. Software used

14. 14
9. Out-Puts

15. 15
• District is mainly an undulating plain with a
long coastal belt of 196 km length.
• There is a gradual rise in elevation in North
Western, Western and south western part.
• The Pigeon Island is located in a shallow
area with distance one kilometer from the
Nilaveli Beach.
• The depth range around national park is
from one meter to four meter MSL.
• The depth is drastically increased at a
distance of five kilometers away from the
Nilaveli beach that is around 100 to 500
meters.
Out put 01.

16. 16
Out put 02.

17. 17
Major soil group can be found from the
area are Alluvial soils, Reddish Brown
Earth, Sandy Regosols, Erosion remnants,
Non classic brown alkaline saline and soil
with gravel.
Out put 03.

18. 18
Out put 04.

19. 19
Comprehensive land cover map covering entire
catchment of Pigeon Island and SMA planning area
including.
Beach
0%
Coastal
Vegetation
0%
Country Rock
1%
Forest
58%
Grass
Land
0%
Lagoon
0%
Mangrove
0%
River/Stream
1%
Scrub Land
39%
Waterhole
0%
Wetland
1%
Out put 05.

20. 20
Land cover of the Kuchchaveli DSDs
Beach
1%
Coastal
Vegetation
0%Country
Rock
0%
Forest
76%
Grass
Land
4%
Lagoon
2%
Mangrove
3%
River/Stream
0%
Scrub Land
13%
Waterhole
0%
Wetland
1%
Out put 06.

21. 21
Land cover of the Town & Gravets DSDs
Beach
0%
Coastal
Vegetation
1% Country Rock
0%
Forest
55%
Grass Land
4%
Lagoon
6%
Mangrove
1%
River/Stream
2%
Scrub Land
30%
Waterhole
1%
Wetland
0%
Out put 07.

22. 22
Buildup
Area
0%
Coconut
Cultivation
0%
Commercial/I
ndustrial
0%
Crop Land
9%
Homestead
21%
Military
area
0%
Mix Vegetation
1%
Open Land
0%
Paddy
Cultivation
48%
Play
Ground
0%
Tank
19%
Tourist Resort
0%
Land use Type Catchment
Out put 08.

23. 23
Homestead
55%
Military area
3%
Mix
Vegetation
6%
Open Land
1%
Paddy
Cultivation
27%
Play Ground
1%
Public Place
0%
Religious
Place
0%
Tank
6%
Tourist Resort
1%
Land use in Town and Gravets
DSD
(Extent in Hectares)
Out put 09.

24. 24
Buildup Area
0%
Coconut
Cultivation
2%
Commercial/In
dustrial
0%Crop
Land
6%
Education
Center
0%
Government
Office
0%
Health
facilities
0%
Homestead
16%
Military
area
0%
Mix Vegetation
8%
Open Land
3%
Paddy
Cultivation
49%
Play
Ground
0%
Public Place
0%
Religious Place
0%
Saltern
industry
2% Tank
13%
Tourist Resort
0%
Waste Dumping
Site
0%
Land use Type Kuchchaveli DSD
Out put 09.

25. 25
0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
6000
Kuchchaveli DSD
0
10000
20000
30000
40000
50000
Land use Type in Catchment , Kuchchaveli and Town and Gravets
Out put 03.
0
500
1000
1500
2000
2500
3000
Town and Gravets DSD
Out put 10.

26. 26
Distribution of Coral Reef Ecosystem of the Pigeon Island
Area
Extent in Ha
Coral Beach Rock Vegetation
Around Large Pigeon
Island
8.1 4.3 3.1
Around Small Pigeon
Island
6.8 0.8 0.4
Around Coral Island 23.4 1.5 0.3
Other areas 58.5 8.1 0.01
Total 96.8 14.7 3.81
Out put 11.
Altogether 36
species of algae, 50
species of corals,
95 species of other
invertebrates, 171
species of fishes, 5
species of turtles, 1
species of shark
and one species of
dolphin.

27. 27
Mangrove Distribution Of the Kuchchaveli and Town &
Gravent DSDs
Water Body Area(ha)
Kodikkaddi Aru 21
Kokilai Lagoon 1
Periyakarachchi Lagoon 20
Sinnakarachchi
Lagoon(Irakakandy) 13
Stream 13
Uppaveli Lagoon 4
Yan Oya 6
Total 78
Kodikkaddi Aru
27%
Kokilai Lagoon
1%
Periyakarachchi
Lagoon
25%
Sinnakarachchi
Lagoon
17%
Stream
17%
Uppaveli Lagoon
5% Yan Oya
8%
Mangrove Distribution Of the Kuchchaveli and
Town&Gravent DSDs
Out put 12.

28. 28
Socio-economic Characteristics
DSD Name Total
Populati
on
No of
Househ
olds
Population
Sex-wise
Population age wise
Male Female Less
than 1
year
Betwee
n Years
15-59
Over 60
years
Kuchchaveli 33,111 8,369 16,872 16,239 11,64619,496 1,969
Trincomalee
Town &
Gravets 96,960 23,594 46,906 50,054 26,82460,975 9,161
Total Population
Out put 14.

29. 29
Ethnicity of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets DSDs
Out put 15.

30. 30
Religion of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets DSDs
Out put 16.

31. 31
Source of Drinking Water
Source: Profile of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets DSDs, 2013
Principle type of lightening facilities
Out put 17.

32. 32
DSD
Name
No. of
Emplo
yed
Skilled
Labors
Un-Skilled
Labors
Male Female Male Female
Kuchchaveli 13,570 3,359 3,302 6,564 6,297
Town &
Gravets 22,406 5,652 2,850 9,896 5,971
Employment of Kuchchaveli
And
Town &Gravets DSDs
Source: Profile of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets DSDs, 2013
Out put 18.

33. 33
Out put 19.

34. 34
Fisheries Activities
Fisheries
Inspecting
Division
DS Division No of
GN
Division
No of
Fishing
Villages
No of
Landing
Sites
No fishing
Families &
Household
Active
Fisherman
Total
Fishing
Population
Kuchchaveli - North Kuchchaveli 9 9 12 2457 2931 5907
Kuchchaveli - South Kuchchaveli 6 10 14 3134 3298 8895
Trincomalee North -1 Kuchchaveli T/G 10 12 15 3928 4354 11151
Trincomalee North -2 Town & Gravets 5 5 8 3050 3401 9942
Trincomalee Town - 1 Town & Gravets 14 15 14 1226 1843 4636
Trincomalee Town - 2 Town & Gravets 8 6 5 1305 1178 6525
Trincomalee West Town & Gravets 9 13 10 2376 2907 4585
Fishing Population of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets
Source: Department of Fisheries, Trincomalee, 2014
FI Division Annual Fish Production (Mt) Average Fish
Production Per Year
(Mt)
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
Kuchchaveli - North 1964.92 3026.06 3961.52 3705.8 3837.25 3299.11
Kuchchaveli - South 1335.4 2056.57 2692.33 2518.54 2609.82 2242.53
Trincomalee North -1 2205.85 3397.11 4447.28 4160.2 4688.48 3779.78
Trincomalee North -2 1062.84 1636.82 2142.82 2004.5 2379.8 1845.36
Trincomalee Town - 1 175.98 271.02 354.8 331.9 416.53 310.55
Trincomalee Town - 2 631.04 971.84 1272.27 1190.14 1258.4 1064.74
7376.03 11359.42 14871.02 13911.08 15190.28
Annual Fish Production of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets
Out put 20.

35. 35
FI Division No of
Harbors
No of
anchorages
No of
Landing Site
IMUL IDAY OFRP MTRB NTRB NBSB Total
Kuchchaveli - North 0 1 12 2 0 725 1 211 28 967
Kuchchaveli - South 0 0 14 0 0 267 0 44 23 334
Trincomalee North -1 0 0 15 3 0 510 7 68 20 608
Trincomalee North -2 0 0 8 50 40 518 12 122 1 743
Trincomalee Town - 1 0 1 14 3 1 246 0 147 6 403
Trincomalee Town - 2 0 0 5 40 17 183 0 53 0 293
Trincomalee West 1 0 10 14 2 111 0 154 8 289
Total 1 2 78 112 60 2560 20 799 86
Fishing Crafts of Kuchchaveli and Town & Gravets DSDs
Source: Department of Fisheries, Trincomalee, 2014
FI Division Ds Division
MadalPadu
No of MadalPadu
Gazzeted
No of
Pakkam
No of Nets
Kuchchaveli - North Kuchchaveli 28 0 28
Kuchchaveli - South Kuchchaveli 10 0 10
Trincomalee North -1 Kuchchaveli & T/G 14 6 20
Trincomalee North -2 Town & Gravets 1 0 1
Trincomalee Town - 1 Town & Gravets 2 0 2
Trincomalee Town - 2 Town & Gravets 0 0 0
Trincomalee West Town & Gravets 8 0 8
Statistic of Madel Padu
Out put 21.

36. 36
Protected and management areas
Protected and management areas under
the Forest and Wildlife department
1. Kokilai bird sanctuary
2. Padaviya proposed forest reserve
3. Kantale forest reserve
4. Pigeon island national park
Out put 22.
1
2
3
4

37. 37
Protected areas under the
Archeological Department
• Thiriyayai Archeological Site
• Velgamvehera
• Arichchamale Monument
• Girihanduseya temple
• Trincomalee fort fredrick
Out put 23.

38. 38
Demarcate the Administration
Boundaries in the study area
11 Divisional Secretary (DS) Divisions
230 Grama Niladhari (GN) divisions
No.
Name of Divisional Secretariat
Division
No. of GN
1Town &Gravets 42
2Kuchchaveli 24
3Padavisiripura 10
4Gomarankadawela 10
5Morawewa 10
6Thampalakamam 12
7Kantale 23
8Kinniya 31
9Servula 16
10Muthur 42
11Verugal 10
Total 230
Out put 24.

39. 39
GND Boundaries of the study area Political administration (Pradeshiya Sabha, Municipal council)
Out put 25.

40. 40
Out put 26.
Management Boundaries

41. 41
Management Boundaries under the New Amended Coast Conservation Department Act
2 km
2 km
300 m
Coastal Zone
Mean high water line
(0.6m above mean sea level)
Mean low water line
(0.6m below mean sea level)
Seaward limit of coastal zone
Landward limit of coastal zone
Canal
River
Estuary
Lagoon

42. 42
Coast Conservation Amendment Act, No 49 of 2011.
The definition of the “Coastal Zone” as follows as per the amendment, “ Coastal Zone ”
means that area lying within a limit of three hundred meters landwards of the Mean High
Water line and a limit of two kilometers seawards of the Mean Low Water line and in the
case of rivers, streams, lagoons or any other body of water connected to the sea either
permanently or periodically, the landward boundary shall extend to a limit of two
kilometers measured perpendicular to the straight base line drawn between the natural
entrance points thereof and shall include the waters of such rivers, streams and lagoons or
any other body of water so connected to the sea, and shall also include the area lying
within a further extended limit of one hundred meters inland from the zero Mean Sea Level
along the periphery”
2 km
2 km
300 m
Coastal Zone
Mean high water line
(0.6m above mean sea level)
Mean low water line
(0.6m below mean sea level)
Seaward limit of coastal zone
Landward limit of coastal zone
Canal
River Estuary
Lagoon

43. 43
8. Identify the Major Infrastructure facility system
Access road system
Education
Health Facilities
DS
Division
A Class Road B Class Road C Class Road D & E Class Road
No of
Roads
Length
(km)
No of
Roads
Length
(km)
No of
Roads
Length
(km)
No of
Roads
Length
(km)
Kuchchave
li 0 0 4 65.87 4 24.11 24 306.52
Town &
Gravets 3 142.34 20 105.11 14 39.7 39 9.98
DS
Division
Categor
y
Functioning Schools Temporary Closed
Tot
al
1
AB
1 C
Type
ll
Type
lll
Sub
Total
1
AB
1 C
Type
ll
Type
lll
Sub
Tot
al
Kuchchave
li
Provinci
al
1 6 9 9 25
0 0
1 1 2 27
Town &
Gravets
Provinci
al
9 15 12 7 43 0 0 0 1 1 44
No Kuchchaveli DSD Town & Gravets DSD
1
Divisional
Hospital
Teaching Hospital
2
Ayurvedic
Hospital
General Hospital
3
Central
Dispensary
Base Hospital
4
Divisional
Hospital
District Hospital
5
Divisional
Hospital
Peripheral Unit
6 Rural Hospital
7
Maternity Home & Central
Dispensary
8 Central Dispensary
9 Chest Clinic
10 STD Clinic
11 Gramodaya Health Centre
12 M.O.H
13 School Dental Clinic
14 Anti Malaria Campaign
15 District Ayurvedic Hospital
16
Ayurvedic Central
Dispensary
17 Free Ayurvedic Dispensary
Access road system
Education
Health Facilities

44. 44
Major Infrastructure facilitiesOut put 27.

45. 45
Identification of the distribution of
tourists hotel and commercial
establishment
Out put 28.

46. 46
Demarcation of the waste
disposal sites
Out put 29.

47. 47
Agricultural activities: Agricultural areas where fertilizers are mostly
used in catchments
DSD Paddy Cultivation (Year 2013) Crop land
Yala Maha
Kuchchaveli - 5421.6 633.4
Town and Gravets 167 1,374.0 124.5
Out put 30.

48. 48
Agricultural areas where fertilizers
are mostly used in catchments
Out put 31.

49. 49
GND Wise Maps Kuchchaveli
Out put 32.
GND wiseGND Maps_annex.pdf Maps in town and Gravets

50. 50
Anthropogenic threats to the pigeon island can be
summarized as follows;
• Sand mining along the beach: (Sampalthivu and
Kappalthurai )
• Pollution mainly occurred by visitors to the area of
Welgamvehera, Pigeon Island, Nilaveli beach,
Girihanduseya.
• Damage to the coral reef ecosystem by visitors’ boat:
• Walking and snorkeling on the coral reef
• Fisheries activities:
Coral and Algae competing (EML, 2013)
Natural threats
•Excess algal growth
•Invasive alien species: Acanthster planci (Crown of Thorne or
COT)
Out put 33.

51. 51
• Development of a visitor management plan to reduce the human
pressure to the ecosystem and avoid overcrowded the area
• Construction of floating resting places in the reef area to avoid
coral damage by bathing and walking on the reef area.
• Development of visitor facilities including toilets, cafeterias,
sales centre for education material and merchandise. The visitor
centre should be created awareness among the visitor about the
ecological importance of the Pigeon island National Park and
the rules and regulation that are applicable to the visitors.
• Manage the Solid waste generated within the park
• Introducing a Zonal plan
Some of the key management activities suggested to management of natural
resources in the study area by previous studies and Pigeon Island Management
Plan are as follows.

52. 52
1. Public use zone
2. Habitat protection zone
3. Marine national park
zone
4. Preservation
Zone/Scientific
Research zone
Establish a Zoning (Detail zoning
plan)

53. 53
• Re-demarcate the
boundary of the National
Park
• Change the boundaries
of Gazetted special
management area in take
necessary specific
management measures
to regulate the activities.
Out put 34.
Pigeon Island Management plan

54. 54
Any comments and suggestions?
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

55. 55