This document discusses different types of burners and flames used in flame emission spectroscopy (FES). It describes several burner types including the Mecker, total consumption, laminar flow, and nitrous oxide-acetylene burners. The flames produced are used to evaporate and decompose sample droplets to form excited atoms that emit radiation. Different burner types produce flames with varying temperatures, consumption of the sample, and stability. The document focuses on the properties and functions required of burner flames in FES as well as the advantages and disadvantages of different burner designs.

2. Hello!
I am Hassan Zaidi
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3. Types of Burners and
Types of Flames use in
FES

4. What is burner use in FES?
• The burner is used in FES to
provide the energy of excitation
in the form of flame.
• Flame is produced through the
burning of oxidant and fuel.
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5. “
BURNER
The Flame used in the flame photometer should
possess following function as explained below
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6. ◎ The flame should have ability to evaporate the liquid
droplets from the sample solution in the formation of
solid residue.
◎ The flame should decompose the compound in solid
residue resulting in the formation of atoms .
◎ The flame should have enough energy to excite the
atoms formed and cause them to emit radiant energy.
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7. Types of burner
 Mecker burner
 Total consumption burner
 Laminar flow burner
 Lundergraph burner
 Shielded burner
 Notrous oxide-Actylene flame
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8. ◎ this was the primitive type of burner used in flame
photometry and was used earlier
◎ It generally work with acid of neutral gas and
oxygen as fuel and oxidant
◎ The temperature so produced in the flame was
relatively low resulting In low excitation energy
◎ Now a days it is not used but it was best suited for
alkali metal
Mecker or Mekker Burner
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9. Total Consumption Burner
◎ Due tohigh pressure of fule and oxidient the
sample solution is aspirated through capillary
and burn at the tip of burner .
◎ Hydrogen and oxygen are generally employed as
fuel and oxidant
◎ The advantage over other is the entire
consumption of sample
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10. Advantage and disadvantage
Advantage:
The design is simple and whole
sample is consumed
Disadvantage:
Uniform and homogenous flame is
not obtained. Since the droplet
size vary, leading in fluctuations in
the flame intensity
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12. ◎ In this type of burner the aspirated sample, fuel and
oxidant are thoroughly mixed before reaching the
burner opening and then entering the flame
◎ Important feature of this is that only a small
portion (about 5%) of the sample reaches the flame
in the form of small droplets and is easily
decompose .
Laminar flow Burner
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13. Advantage and disadvantage
Advantage:
◎Premixed burner is non-turbulent, noiseless and stable
◎Easy decomposition which leads to high atomization
◎Can handle solution up to several % without clogging
Disadvantage:
◎When it contain 2 solution the more vol. will evaporate and
lesser will remain undissociated
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15. Structure of Flame
As seen in the figure, the flame may
be divided into the following
regions or zones
◎Preheating zones
◎Primary reaction zone or inner
zone
◎Internal zone
◎Secondary reaction zone
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16. Nitrous Oxide-Acetylene Flame
◎ The flames were superior to other flames for
effectively producing free atoms e.g. metals with very
reflective oxides such as aluminum and titanium
◎ The draw back of it is:
 The high temperature reduce its usefulness for the
determination of alkali metals as they are easily
ionized
 Intense background emission which makes the
measurement of metal emission very difficult
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17. Thanks!
Any questions?
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