sintaxe inglês

1. SERVIÇO PÚBLICO FEDERAL
UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DO PARÁ
INSTITUTO DE LETRAS E COMUNICAÇÃO
FACULDADE DE LÍGUAS ESTRANGEIRAS MODERNAS
DISCIPLINA SINTAXE DO INGLÊS
SINTAXE: PUNCTUATION
BELÉM - PARÁ

2. PUNCTUATION
I - APOSTROPHES
II - COMMAS
III - PARENTHESES
IV - QUOTATION MARKS
V - COLON
VI - BRACKET
VII - DASH
VIII - ELLIPSIS
IX - EXCLAMATION
X – QUESTION MARK
XI - PERIOD
XII - HYPHEN
XIII - SEMICOLON
XIV - SLASH
’
’
( )
“ ”
:
.
!
?
-
;[ ]
…
- - - --
/

3. PUNCTUATION
PUNCTUATION MARKS ARE SIGNS
SUCH AS PERIODS, COMMAS AND QUESTION MARKS.
YOU ARE THEM IN SENTENCES TO MAKE THE
MEANING CLEAR.
(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)

4. USE THE APOSTROPHES TO CREATE IN THE POSSIBLE
FORMS:
I - APOSTROPHES - ’
USE AN APOSTROPHE WITH AN S (’S) TO SHOW WHO
OWNS SOMETHING. THE ’S IS ADDED AFTER SINGULAR
NOUNS OR NAMES.
FOLLOW THE SAME RULE WHEN A NAME OR A
SINGULAR NOUN ENDS IN -S. WRITE AN APOSTROPHE
FIRST AND THEN ADD ANOTHER S
(WATSON, 2007, p. 153-156)

5. THE APOSTROPHE CAN ALSO BE USED TO SHOW THAT
ONE OR MORE LETTERS IN A CONTRACTION HAVE
BEEN LEFT OUT.
SOME PLURAL NOUNS DO NOT END IN -S. JUST ADD ’S
TO THESE PLURAL NOUNS.
I - APOSTROPHES - ’ CONTINUAÇÃO
FOR PLURAL NOUNS THAT END IN -S, PUT THE
APOSTROPHE AFTER THE -S
(WATSON, 2007, p. 153-156)

6. II - COMMAS - ,
USE A COMMA BETWEEN NOUNS AND NOUN PHRASES IN
A LIST.
USE COMMAS BETWEEN ADJECTIVES WHEN YOU USE
SEVERAL OF THEM TO DESCRIBE SOMETHING.
USE A COMMA AFTER YES AND NO, AND BEFORE PLEASE
IN SENTENCES. YOU ALSO USE A COMMA BEFORE OR
AFTER THE NAME OF THE PERSON YOU ARE SPEAKING
TO.
(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)
COMMAS ARE USED TO SHOW WHERE THERE IS A
BRIEF PAUSE

7. III - PARENTHESES
USE TO INCLUDE MATERIAL THAT YOU WANT TO DE-
EMPHASIZE OR THAT WOULDN’T NORMALLY FIT INTO
THE FLOW OF YOUR TEXT BUT YOU WANT TO
INCLUDE NONETHELESS.
IF THE MATERIAL WITHIN PARENTHESES APPEARS
WITHIN A SENTENCE, DO NOT USE A CAPITAL LATTER
OR PERIOD TO PUNCTUATE THAT MATERIAL, EVEN IF
THE MATERIAL IS ITSELF A COMPLETE SENTENSE
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu
( )

8. IV - QUOTATION MARKS
USE QUOTATION MARKS AROUND THE EXACT WORDS
THAT SOMEONE SAYS. YOU PUT THE MARK “ AT THE
BEGINNING OF THE WORDS, AND THE MARK ” AT THE
END.
- USE A COMMA BEFORE THE LAST QUOTATION MARK,
TO SEPARATE THE WORDS FROM THE REST OF THE
SENTENCE.
- SUPPOSE THE EXACT WORDS THAT SOMEONE SAYS
COME AFTER THE REST OF THE SENTENCE. IN THIS
CASE PUT A PERIOD BEFORE THE LAST QUOTATION
MARK.
- PUT QUESTION MARKS AND EXCLAMATION POINTS IN
THE SAME PLACE AS PERIODS, BEFORE THE LAST
QUOTATION MARK.
(WATSON, 2007, p. 143)
“ ”

9. V - COLON
WHEN YOU ARE READING A PLAYSCRIPT, NOTICE THE
COLON BETWEEN THE NAME OF A CHARACTER AND
THE WORDS THAT THEY SPEAK.
:
(WATSON, 2007, p. 143)
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu
USE TOO, BEFORE A LIST OR AN EXPANATION THAT IS
PRECEDED BY A CLAUSA THAT CAN STAND BY ITSELF.
THING OF THE COLON AS A GATE, INVITING ONE TO GO
ON:
-THERE IS ONLY THING LEFT TO DO NOW: CONFESS
WHILE YOU STILL HAVE TIME.
-THE CHARTER REVIEW COMMITTEE NOW INCLUDES
THE FOLLOWING PEOPLE:
* The mayor * The chief of police
* The fire chief * The chair of the town council

10. VI - BRACKET
USE IN THE FOLLOWING SINTUATIONS:
[ ]
YOU CAN USE THEM TO INCLUDE EXPLANATORY
WORDS OR PHRASE WITHIN QUOTED LANGUAGE.
YOU CAN USE BRACKETS TO INCLUDE
PARENTHETICAL MATERIAL INSIDE PARENTHETICAL
MATEIAL.
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

11. VII - DASH
DASHES HAVE TWO JOBS.
-
FIRST JOB: THEY TELL THE READER THAT YOU'VE
JUMPED TRACKS ONTO A NEW SUBJECT, JUST FOR A
MOMENT.
SECOND JOB: THE DASH TURNS SOMETHING GENERAL
INTO SOMETHING SPECIFIC, OR IT INTRODUCES A
DEFINITION.
(WOODS, 2001. p. 199-200.)

12. VIII - ELLIPSIS
PROVES TO BE HANDY DEVICE WHEN YOU’RE QUOTING
MATERIAL AND YOU WANT TO OMIT SOME WORDS.
…
CONSISTS OF THREE EVELY SPACED DOTS (PERIODS)
WITH SPACES BETWEEN THE ELLIPSIS AND
SURROUNDINGLETTERS OR OTHER MARKS.
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

13. IX - EXCLAMATION
AN EXCLAMATION POINT IS OFTEN USED AFTER A
COMMAND, AN INTERJECTION, OR A WORD THAT
SHOWS SURPRISE OR ANGER.
(WATSON, 2007, p. 151)
X - QUESTION MARK
AT THE END OF A DIRECT QUESTION. IT IS CONSIDERED
BAD FORM TO USE A QUESTION MARK IN
COMBINATION WITH OTHER MARKS, ALTHOUGH IS
OFTHEN DONE IN INFORMAL PROSE IN AN ATTEMPT TO
CONVENY COMPLEX TONES
!
?
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

14. XI – PERIOD
PUT A PERIOD AT THE END OF A SENTENCE.
TIM LENT ME HIS SKATEBOARD.
THE CHILDREN ARE PLAYING IN THE GARDEN.
THE TRAIN ARRIVED LATE.
IT’S NOT A VERY SUNNY DAY.
.
(WATSON, 2007, p. 150)

15. X II - HYPHEN
HYPHEN “ICON” EMBEDDED IN YOUR TEXT,
INDICATES EITHER THAT A HYPHEN IS CALLED FOR AT
THAT POINT, OR (IF YOU HAVE A HYPHEN THERE
ALREADY) THAT THE HYPHEN IN NOT APPROPRIATE.
-- - --
USES IN:
WRITING NUMBERS.
CREATING COMPOUNDS ORGANIZATIONS.
ADDING CERTAIN PREFIX IS CAPITALIZED.
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

16. XIII – SEMICOLON
YOU CAN ALSO JOIN SENTENCES TOGETHER WITH
WORDS SUCH AS AND, BUT, OR, NOR, SINCE, BECAUSE,
SO, AND SO FORTH. IN GENERAL, SEMICOLONS ATTACH
SENTENCES TO EACH OTHERWITHOUT JOINING
WORDS.
THE SENTENCES THAT SEMICOLONS ATTACH SHOULD
HAVE A LOGICAL RELATION TO EACH OTHER. FOR
MORE INFORMATION ON JOINING SENTENCES AND A
COMPLETE DISCUSSION OF HOW TO DO SO WITH
SEMICOLONS.
(WOODS, 2001. p. 192.)
;

17. XIV - SLASH /
IS USED TO INDICATE A CHOICE BETWEEN THE WORDS
IT SEPARATES.
USING THE PASS/FAIL OPTION BACKFIRED ON HER; SHE
COULD’VE GOTTEN NAA.
USING SLASHES IN A UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR
USED AS A PATH SEPARATOR IN WINDOWS.
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu

18. BIOGRAFIA
WATSON, I. BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR: for English
Language Grammar. Ed. 2ª. 2007. pg. 140-146.
WATSON, I. BASIC ENGLISH GRAMMAR: for English
Language Grammar. Ed. 1ª. 2007. pg. 153-156.
www.grammmar.ccc.commnet.edu. 26/04/2015. 16:30
WOODS, G. ENGLISH GRAMMAR: For DUMMIES. 2001. pg.
192-199-200.