Sustainability about the hybrid vehicles.

1. Sustainability:
Transportation – Hybrid
Vehicles
Prepared by Muhammad Hanif bin Hasan

2. Definition
• Transportation can be defined as act or process
which travel from one place to another place.
• Hybrid vehicle is one that uses more than one of
the powertrain system which are internal
combustion engine and electric motor that work
together.

3. Types of Hybrid
Vehicle
Parallel
Hybrid
Vehicle
Range
Extender
Hybrid
Vehicle
Plug-in
Hybrid
Vehicle

4. Parallel
Hybrid
Vehicle
• The vehicle can be powered in three different ways:
• Directly by the internal combustion engine only.
• Directly by the electric motor only.
• Directly by both powertrain system working
together.
Range
Extender
Hybrid
Vehicle
Plug-in
Hybrid
Vehicle
• The internal combustion engine is not the main
powertrain system that moving the vehicle.
• The internal combustion engine only used to
produce electricity for generator that recharge the
batteries.
• This type of hybrid can be plugged into an electric
outlet to recharge their batteries.

5. Advantages of Hybrid
Vehicle
• Environmentally friendly: Hybrid car is that it runs cleaner, less amount of
carbon emission that get released into the environment.
• Fuel efficiency: Run on both powertrain system including electric motor and
conventional engine that make it low fuel consumption.
• Incentives: Many local governments are offering several of incentives such as
tax concession, dedicated traffic lanes and parking privileges.
• Technology: Installing of a regenerative braking system in hybrid vehicle allows
the electric motor act as the generator when braking.
• Lightweight materials: Make hybrid vehicles light so that the electrical energy
will be sufficient enough to move the vehicle. This means less dependency on
the petrol engine.

6. The Challenges of
Hybrid Vehicle
• Cost: It required higher cost to purchase this hybrid car compare to regular petrol car which
about $5000 to $10000 more than a regular version.
• Power: Hybrid vehicles are only suitable for driving around the city or town and not as powerful
for regular driving on the highway.
• Maintenance cost: Fewer mechanics have the capability to repair such engines are likely going
to charge you a lot more money to work on your hybrid vehicle.
• Power Voltage: The batteries of hybrid vehicles have a higher amount of voltage in them. Could
injure or kill you inside the vehicle and makes it harder for other people to get you out of the
vehicle in the event of accident.

7. Encounter of The
Challenges of Hybrid
Vehicle
• Control the speed: At lower speeds, 64.4 kilometres per hour, hybrid cars can run
using only their electric motor only.
• Awareness: We should be warned about some of the safety and servicing issues
surrounding hybrid vehicles. From this link:
http://www.underhoodservice.com/tech-tips-safety-issues-for-servicing-hybrid-
vehicles/ you can get information of servicing and precautions about hybrid
vehicles.
• New system technology: In safety concern, the manufacturer should be provided
the automatic system which can shut off the power directly from battery in event
of the accident.

8. References
1. Admin. (18 May, 2018). Top 5 Advantages and Disadvantages of Hybrid Cars. Retrieved from oards.com:
https://oards.com/advantages-and-disadvantages-of-hybrid-cars/
2. Evans, C. (1 February, 2018). What is a hybrid car and should you buy one? Retrieved from What Car?:
https://www.whatcar.com/news/what-is-a-hybrid-car-and-should-you-buy-one/n1290
3. Hall-Geisler, P. E. (31 August, 2009). 5 Reasons Not to Buy a Hybrid. Retrieved from how stuff works:
https://auto.howstuffworks.com/5-reasons-to-not-buy-hybrid.htm
4. Ho, M. (23 July, 2017). Parking privilege for hybrid vehicles. Retrieved from SOURCE:
http://marksabatojp.blogspot.com/2017/07/parking-privilege-for-hybrid-vehicles.html
5. Robertson, M. (n.d.). The History of Transportation. Retrieved from Leland-West:
https://www.lelandwest.com/planes-trains-automobiles-the-history-of-transportation.cfm
6. Robinson, A. (November, 2010). Aaron Robinson: Out of Africa: Where Electric-Vehicle Batteries Come
From, Part II. Retrieved from Car and Driver: https://www.caranddriver.com/features/aaron-robinson-out-of-
africa-where-electric-vehicle-batteries-come-from-part-ii
7. Singh, H. (4 April, 2017). What is Regenerative braking system? How does it work? Retrieved from Quora:
https://www.quora.com/What-is-Regenerative-braking-system-How-does-it-work
8. Weber, A. (1 June, 2006). The Hybrid Challenge. Retrieved from Assembly Magazine:
https://www.assemblymag.com/articles/84379-the-hybrid-challenge
9. West, M. (1 March, 2004). Tech Tips: Safety Issues for Servicing Hybrid Vehicles. Retrieved from Underhood
Service: http://www.underhoodservice.com/tech-tips-safety-issues-for-servicing-hybrid-vehicles/

9. Thank You