Welcome to the Jungle - A safari through the JVM landscape
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OpenJDK with it’s Java Virtual Machine is great but there is not only one flavour but many. There is Oracle OpenJDK, Eclipse Temurin, IBM Semeru, Amazon Corretto, Azul Zulu, Alibaba Dragonwell, Huawei Bi Sheng, Tencent Kona and many more. Did you ever ask yourself which one is better, faster, free or something similar? Or do you want to know where the differences are in those distributions, well then this session might bring some answers to your questions. It will give you an idea about what the JVM is and will cover all the available distributions not only of OpenJDK but also of GraalVM and will try to explain the differences and features of the available distributions. It will also try to give you an idea what JVM to use for specific use cases.
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Welcome to the Jungle - A safari through the JVM landscape
- 1. Welcome to the Jungle A safari through the JVM landscape Gerrit Grunwald, Senior Developer Advocate
- 2. ABOUT ME. Gerrit Grunwald | Developer Advocate | Azul
- 3. OPEN JDK
- 4. A FREE AND OPEN SOURCE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE JAVA PLATFORM STANDARD EDITION (JAVA SE) OPEN JDK
- 5. WEBSITE
- 7. SOURCE CODE
- 8. OPEN JDK SOURCE CODE https://github.com/openjdk/jdk
- 9. CONTRIBUTORS
- 10. CONTRIBUTORS • Alibaba • Amazon • Ampere • ARM • Azul • BellSoft • Datadog • Google • Huawei • IBM • Many Individuals • Intel • JetBrains • Linaro • Loongson • Microdoc • Microsoft • NTT Data • Oracle • Qualcomm • Red Hat • SAP • Tencent • Twitter
- 11. IT'S NOT A ONE MAN SHOW ! CONTRIBUTORS
- 12. ROADMAP
- 13. OLD RELEASE CADENCE ROADMAP 2006 2014 LTS 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 4.5 Years 6 3 Years 7 8
- 14. OLD RELEASE CADENCE ROADMAP WAITING MULTIPLE YEARS BEFORE ONE CAN TEST A NEW JDK
- 15. NEW RELEASE CADENCE ROADMAP 2017 2025 LTS 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 3 Years 9 2 Years 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 LTS LTS
- 16. NEW RELEASE CADENCE ROADMAP NOW A NEW JDK CAN BE TESTED EVERY 6 MONTHS
- 17. THE JVM
- 18. EXECUTION ENGINE JVM MEMORY THE JVM CLASS LOADER SUBSYSTEM INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 19. CLASS LOADER SUBSYSTEM LOADING Bootstrap Class Loader Extension Class Loader Application Class Loader LINKING Veri fi cation Preparation Resolution INITIALISING Initialisation EXECUTION ENGINE JVM MEMORY THE JVM INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 20. CLASS LOADER SUBSYSTEM LOADING Bootstrap Class Loader Extension Class Loader Application Class Loader LINKING Veri fi cation Preparation Resolution INITIALISING Initialisation EXECUTION ENGINE JVM MEMORY Method Area STACK Thread #1 Thread #2 Thread #3 PC REGISTER Thread #1 PC Thread #2 PC Thread #3 PC Native Method Stack Heap THE JVM INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 21. EXECUTION ENGINE Interpreter Native Method Libraries CLASS LOADER SUBSYSTEM LOADING Bootstrap Class Loader Extension Class Loader Application Class Loader LINKING Veri fi cation Preparation Resolution INITIALISING Initialisation JVM MEMORY Method Area STACK Thread #1 Thread #2 Thread #3 PC REGISTER Thread #1 PC Thread #2 PC Thread #3 PC Native Method Stack Heap JIT COMPILER C1 C2 Pro ler GARBAGE COLLECTOR Serial CMS Z Parallel G1 Native Method Interface (JNI) THE JVM INTERNAL STRUCTURE
- 22. IT'S AN ABSTRACT COMPUTING MACHINE THE JVM
- 23. JDK / JRE
- 24. JDK / JRE JDK Java Development Kit
- 25. JDK / JRE JRE Java Runtime Environment
- 26. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT / JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT JDK / JRE Java Virtual Machine Class Libraries JRE
- 27. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT / JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT JDK / JRE Java Virtual Machine Class Libraries JRE JDK
- 28. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT / JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT JDK / JRE Java Virtual Machine Class Libraries JRE JDK Javac compiler Debugger JavaDoc
- 29. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT / JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT JDK / JRE Development JDK Production JRE RECOMMENDATION < JDK 9
- 30. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT / JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT JDK / JRE Development JDK Production JLINK RECOMMENDATION > JDK 8 Tool to create custom Java runtime images
- 31. DISTRIBUTIONS
- 32. DISTRIBUTIONS BUILDS OF OPEN JDK
- 33. BUILDS OF OPEN JDK DISTRIBUTIONS • Microsoft • OJDK Build • Open Logic • Oracle JDK • Oracle OpenJDK • Red Hat • SAP Machine • Semeru • Semeru cert. • Temurin • Trava • Zulu • Platform Prime • Adopt OpenJDK • Bi Sheng • Corretto • Dragonwell • JetBrains • Kona • Liberica
- 34. DISTRIBUTIONS 20 ! BUILDS OF OPEN JDK
- 36. DISTRIBUTIONS • Gluon GraalVM • GraalVM Community Edition • GraalVM Enterprise Edition • Liberica Native Image Kit • Mandrel BUILDS OF GRAALVM
- 37. WHICH ONE TO CHOOSE ?
- 38. DIFFERENCES
- 39. DIFFERENCES • Support Term • Updates • Compliance • Cost • Performance • Features • Alternatives to the standard THINGS THAT CAN HELP MAKING A DECISION
- 41. SUPPORT TERM STS Short Term Support
- 42. SUPPORT TERM LTS Long Term Support
- 43. SUPPORT TERM 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 JDK 9 JDK 10 JDK 11 JDK 12 JDK 13 JDK 14 JDK 15 JDK 16 JDK 17 JDK 18 JDK 19 JDK 20 JDK 21 STS AND LTS
- 44. JDK 15 2017 JDK 13 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 2023 SUPPORT TERM JDK 20 JDK 19 JDK 18 JDK 16 JDK 14 JDK 12 JDK 10 JDK 9 JDK 11 LONG TERM SUPPORT (Ext. September 2026) JDK 17 LONG TERM SUPPORT (Ext. September 2029) JDK 21 LTS Release LTS Release 3 Years LTS Release 2 Years STS AND LTS STS Release STS Release 6 months
- 45. SUPPORT TERM SHORT TERM SUPPORT RELEASES ONLY FOR 6 MONTHS !!! STS AND LTS
- 46. SUPPORT TERM NOT EVERY DISTRIBUTION PROVIDE STS AND LTS RELEASES !!! STS AND LTS
- 47. SUPPORT TERM Development STS / LTS Production LTS RECOMMENDATION STS AND LTS
- 51. CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE UPDATES Fixes Vulnerabilities Fixes Critical Issues CPU
- 52. CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE UPDATES PSU Fixes Vulnerabilities Fixes Critical Issues CPU
- 53. CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE UPDATES PSU Fixes Non Critical Issues New Features Fixes Vulnerabilities Fixes Critical Issues CPU CAN INTRODUCE NEW ISSUES !
- 55. UPDATES FOUR TIMES A YEAR 17.0.1 PSU CPU January 17.0.1 CPU CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 56. UPDATES 17.0.1 PSU CPU January April 17.0.1 CPU 17.0.2 PSU CPU 17.0.2 CPU Fixes Vulnerabilities/Critical issues FOUR TIMES A YEAR CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 57. UPDATES 17.0.1 PSU CPU January April July 17.0.1 CPU 17.0.2 PSU CPU 17.0.2 CPU 17.0.3 PSU CPU 17.0.3 CPU FOUR TIMES A YEAR CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 58. UPDATES 17.0.1 PSU CPU January April July October 17.0.1 CPU 17.0.2 PSU CPU 17.0.2 CPU 17.0.3 PSU CPU 17.0.3 CPU 17.0.4 PSU CPU 17.0.4 CPU FOUR TIMES A YEAR CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 59. UPDATES PATCH SET UPDATES ARE AVAILABLE FROM • Most of the available distributions CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 60. UPDATES CRITICAL PATCH UPDATES ARE AVAILABLE FROM • Azul • BellSoft • Oracle CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 61. UPDATES Development CPU / PSU Production CPU RECOMMENDATION CRITICAL PATCH UPDATE / PATCH SET UPDATE
- 63. Technology Compatibility Kit COMPLIANCE (Licensed by Oracle) TCK
- 64. COMPLIANCE • Originally developed by Sun Microsystems • Intellectual Property, licensed by Oracle • For example 120 000+ individual tests for Java 11 • Any binary must pass the TCK to be allowed to be labeled "Java SE compatible" WHAT IT IS TECHNOLOGY COMPATIBILITY KIT
- 65. Java Compatibility Kit COMPLIANCE (Part of TCK) JCK
- 66. COMPLIANCE • Are likely to differ across implementations • Rely on hardware or operating system specific behavior • Are difficult to port • Either mask/abstract hardware behavior • Either mask/abstract operating system behavior IT TESTS FEATURES THAT JAVA COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE
- 67. COMPLIANCE • Available at not charge • Must meet terms of the OCTLA (OpenJDK Community TCK License Agreement) • Must sign OCA (Oracle Contributor Agreement) HOW TO GET ACCESS TO THE JCK JAVA COMPATIBILITY TEST SUITE
- 68. TCK COMPLIANCE JDK 8 • Bi Sheng • Corretto • Dragonwell • Liberica • Oracle JDK • Oracle OpenJDK • Red Hat • SAP Machine • Temurin • Zulu • Platform Prime DISTRIBUTIONS COMPLIANT TO THE TCK
- 69. TCK COMPLIANCE JDK 9 AND ABOVE • Corretto • JetBrains • Kona • Liberica • Microsoft • Open Logic • Oracle JDK • Oracle OpenJDK • Red Hat • SAP Machine • Semeru Certified • Temurin • Zulu • Platform Prime DISTRIBUTIONS COMPLIANT TO THE TCK
- 70. COMPLIANCE Adoptium Quality Assurance Vitality and speed test suite (By Eclipse) AQAVIT
- 71. COMPLIANCE • Ensures that all additional qualities are present that make it suitable for production use • A collection of over 350 000 tests • Designed to test real world utilization patterns • A suite of security and durability tests WHAT IT IS AQAVIT TEST SUITE
- 72. AQAVIT COMPLIANCE JDK 11 AND ABOVE • Bi Sheng • Dragonwell • Microsoft • Semeru Certified • Red Hat • Temurin • Zulu DISTRIBUTIONS COMPLIANT TO THE AQAVIT TEST SUITE
- 74. COST DIFFERENCES
- 75. $ FREE
- 76. COST • Bi Sheng • Corretto • Dragonwell • Gluon GraalVM • GraalVM CE • JetBrains • Kona • Liberica • Liberica NIK • Mandrel • Microsoft • Open Logic • Oracle OpenJDK • Red Hat • SAP Machine • IBM Semeru • Temurin • Trava • Zulu FREE FOR USE
- 77. $ PAY
- 78. COST • Azul Platform Prime (based on number of cores) • IBM Semeru certified • GraalVM enterprise (based on number of cores) • Oracle JDK (based on number of cores) PAY FOR USE
- 79. COST • Azul Platform Prime (based on number of cores) • IBM Semeru certified • GraalVM enterprise (based on number of employees !) • Oracle JDK (based on number of employees !) PAY FOR USE
- 82. PERFORMANCE • Adopt OpenJDK • Bi Sheng • Corretto • Dragonwell • Gluon GraalVM • GraalVM CE • JetBrains • Kona • Liberica • Liberica NIK • Mandrel • Microsoft • OJDK Build • Open Logic • Oracle JDK • Oracle OpenJDK • Red Hat • SAP Machine • Semeru • Temurin • Trava • Zulu BASELINE PERFORMANCE
- 83. MORE OR LESS THE SAME WITH SOME EXCEPTIONS PERFORMANCE BASELINE PERFORMANCE
- 84. HIGH PERFORMANCE
- 86. EXECUTION ENGINE Interpreter Native Method Libraries CLASS LOADER SUBSYSTEM LOADING Bootstrap Class Loader Extension Class Loader Application Class Loader LINKING Veri ler GARBAGE COLLECTOR Serial CMS Z Parallel G1 Native Method Interface (JNI) PERFORMANCE HIGH PERFORMANCE
- 87. EXECUTION ENGINE Interpreter Native Method Libraries JIT COMPILER C1 C2 Pro ler Serial CMS Z Parallel G1 GARBAGE COLLECTOR Native Method Interface (JNI) PERFORMANCE HIGH PERFORMANCE
- 88. EXECUTION ENGINE Interpreter Native Method Libraries JIT COMPILER C1 C2 Pro ler Serial CMS Z Parallel G1 GARBAGE COLLECTOR Native Method Interface (JNI) PERFORMANCE HIGH PERFORMANCE CAN BE REPLACED
- 89. PERFORMANCE • Azul Platform Prime (Different compiler and garbage collector) • Oracle GraalVM Enterprise (Different compiler) HIGH PERFORMANCE
- 90. PERFORMANCE HIGH PERFORMANCE A FASTER JVM HELPS REDUCING CLOUD COST !
- 92. JA V AFX
- 93. JAVA FX • Azul Zulu • BellSoft Liberica • BellSoft Liberica NIK JAVAFX BUNDLED WITH PACKAGE
- 94. ARM 32
- 95. ARM 32 • Azul Zulu • BellSoft Liberica SUPPORT FOR ARM32
- 98. AMAZON CORRETTO • SNAPSTART (Faster startup through CRaC and Firecracker esp. for lambdas)
- 100. ALIBABA DRAGONWELL • STANDARD + EXTENDED EDITION • JWARMUP (Experimental faster startup) • ELASTIC HEAP (GC feature that returns memory of Java heap to operating system) • WISP2 (Stackful, symmetric coroutine at JVM level)
- 102. TENCENT KONA • SPECIALISED ON ARM • KONA FIBERS IN JDK 8 and JDK 11 (Coroutine compatible with Loom) • ZGC FOR ARM (ZGC implementation for ARM architecture)
- 104. ORACLE GRAALVM • COMMUNITY + ENTERPRISE EDITION • POLYGLOT VM (Support for Java, JavaScript, Python, R and Ruby) • GRAAL JIT COMPILER (Replacement of C2 JIT compiler written in Java) • GRAAL AOT COMPILER (Ahead of time compilation to native images)
- 106. IBM SEMERU • COMMUNITY + CERTIFIED EDITION • OPENJ9 / J9 JVM (Faster startup, lower memory consumption) • AOT COMPILER (Faster startup through dynamically compiled AOT code) • INSTANT ON (Checkpoint and restore on the JVM for faster startup) • JIT SERVER (Decoupled, remote JIT compiler)
- 108. AZUL ZULU • AZUL VULNERABILITY DETECTION (Vulnerability detection on JVM level) • CRaC (Coordinate Restore at Checkpoint) * * comming in May 2023
- 110. AZUL PLATFORM PRIME • FALCON JIT COMPILER (Replacement for C2 compiler with higher performance) • C4 GARBAGE COLLECTION (Pauseless garbage collection even on large heaps) • READYNOW! (Faster startup through stored optimisations) • CLOUD NATIVE COMPILER (Decoupled, remote JIT compile-cluster) • AZUL VULNERABILITY DETECTION (Vulnerability detection on JVM level) • CRaC (Coordinate Restore at Checkpoint) * * comming in Q2/2023
- 111. TAKEA W AY
- 112. ARE ALL THOSE BUILDS OF OPEN JDK REALLY DIFFERENT ? TAKEAWAY
- 117. SO CHOOSE WISELY WHEN SELECTING A JDK TAKEAWAY
- 118. THANK YOU