2. Cadherins

3. Link through homophylic binding

4. Desmosomes

5. Transmembrane proteins link to

6. Link to cell membrane to one another

7. Intermediate filaments are ke

8. keratin filaments

9. plakoglobin

10. desmoplakin

11. Tight Junctions

12. Not very strong connections, actually wake

13. Form bead-like pathways at the apical side

14. Helps seal apical side of cells so molecules can’t diffuse in a random way

15. Creates intercellular space between cells at apical and basal side

16. Made of transmembrane proteins

17. Llow for restricted movement and regulated movement of metabolic moecules

18. Gap Junctions

19. Help link cells together

20. Connexon – refers to

21. Made up of six gap junction proteins (connexins)

22. Cancer

23. Tumor

24. Unrestricted growth

25. Dedifferentiation/avoid differentiation

26. Cancer Cells

27. Reproduce w/o normal restriction on mitosis - clonal

28. Can invade/colonize regions outside of source

29. Neoplastic

30. Uncontrolled growth of cells

31. Loss of contact inhibition

32. Loss of ECM attachment (basal lamina)

33. Loss of growth factor dependence

34. Major way of controlling mitosis

35. Regulator of G1 checkpoint where environment will regulate how often a cell divides

36. Ras pathway RB

37. Loss senescence

38. Have a disorganized cytoskeleton

39. Benign – neoplastic cells clustered in the source tissue

40. Can be easily removed

41. Metastatic Cells

42. Secondary tumors that are formed by malignant cells

43. Malignant – used to characterize the cell’s ability to populate a tissue source

44. Normally, we have a single layer in cells, contact inhibition, will stop dividing when bumped into each other

45. Cell lines

46. Immortal cell lines

47. Human cells usually die

48. Mice cells, crisis stage, emergence of immortal variant

49. Tubulin makes microtubules

50. Why do neoplastic cells develop?

51. Changes in gene expression and chromosomes number

52. Aneuploidy

53. Describes any karyotypes that is different form the normal 2n haploid

54. Abnormally formed chromosomes

55. Benzo(a)pyrene