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Political institutions
- 2. Politics Politiká from Greek "affairs of the cities"
- 3. POLITICS Istheprocess ofmaking decisions thatapplyto members ofagroup. Morenarrowly,itrefersto achieving andexercising positions of governance —organized control overahuman community, particularly astate. Furthermore, politics isthestudyorpractice ofthedistribution ofpower andresources withinagiven community(thisisusuallyahierarchically organized population)aswellasthe interrelationship(s) between communities.
- 4. Institutions are stable patterns of behavior that define, govern, and constrain action. Institution Institutions are rules that connect an individual or organization to a larger social environment.
- 5. INSTITUTION •Are"stable, valued, recurring patterns of behavior".As structures ormechanisms ofsocial order,they governthebehavior ofaset ofindividuals within agivencommunity. Institutions areidentified witha social purpose, transcending individuals andintentions by mediating therulesthat governliving behavior.
- 6. Political Power “Power istheabilityto controlactionsofothers throughsuchdiverse meansasbruteforce, negotiation, promiseof rewards,social exchangeof goods andservices, or appealstocommongood”. Politics, however,refers totheoperationsof government,societal structuresand proceduresfordecision making.
- 7. Government/Politics From The Family The School The Church
- 8. Individual continue to expand their social interactions with the greater majority of people organized together for the common good. With government, they learn to obey laws and perform social functions in the community where they belong with civic consciousness and commitment. Respect for authority or officials in the government is fostered and bureaucracy which started in school is more understood.
- 9. Government and politics exist in all human organizations group or societies, but in form, both have different dimensions. Politics refer to the processes in society; the way people manage their affairs and activities in society. Government, on the other hand, is the organization through which the state expresses and enforces its will.
- 10. The Basis of Power in Philippine Politics The Filipinos have used different means to legitimize power and influence the decision- making processes. Consensus has been through voting political counseling, patronage, public opinion formation, and referendum.
- 11. *
- 12. Voting Voters from the rural areas, representing 80% of the total population, have increasingly enrolled in electoral rosters.
- 13. In 1907 Only 3% of the philippine population were qualified voters when eligibility was based on: Property Education Sex The upper class was the over-represented.
- 14. In 1949 Votingrequirementswereliberatedand eligibility wasmadebasedon: Age Citizenship Residence Literacy
- 15. Political Counseling Prior in 1972, “information middlemen” in cities and poblacions were consulted on political, legal, and other technical matters buy voters. This aspect of political behavior easily provides an areas for the perpetuation of the patronage system.
- 16. Patronage Straight buying and selling of votes operate with a network of personalized reciprocity, jobs, services, and other concessions are bartered for voter.
- 17. Voters Demand politicalfavors for support given to candidates. Patronage has more far-reaching consequences civic consciousness is greatlyretarded, nepotism in governmentflourish, causing general labor force demoralization, insecurity, and inefficiency.
- 18. Molding of Public Opinion Efforts to provide more scientific public opinion polling aredone by professionals statistical centers. Newspaper columnists, radio commentators, andpolitical analysts in media aretapedto do the jobs of public relations, image-building/breaking and public opinion formation.
- 19. Power, authority and legitimacy One of the important functions of political institutions is legitimize the way in which power is exercised in a society.
- 20. Authority comes from three different sources: 1.Tradition 2.Legal Definition 3.Charisma
- 21. Traditional Authority Is that which is exercised by the leader which he inherited from his predecessor. It is legitimate power that is passed on from generation. When a king dies, a new king is installed with power bestowed on him by heredity or tradition.
- 22. Rational-legal Authority Thewillingness oftheruledtoacceptandfollowthe lawsestablished bythepolitical orderistheimportant consideration. Undertherational-legal authority the leadermayexercisepowerunderalimited length or time,usuallyunder explicit limitations tothepower exercisedbyhim. Theselection oftheleaderisusuallybasedonlaws which arerecognized bysociety.Theability ortherational legalauthority isdependent ofthefateoftheleader.
- 23. Theleadermay bereplaced buttheauthority remains. Iftheleadersuddenly disappears, dies oris assassinated, thegovernmentcontinues to function whileanewleader ischosen or elected. Inthephilippines the presidentshould also havecharisma towinthevotesofthepeopleto inspire loyalty and supportforpolitical programs.
- 24. Charismatic authority Is based “on the extraordinary and personal gift of grace charisma, the absolutely personal devotion, and personal confidence in revelation, heroism, or other qualities or leadership.” The authority of charisma leader depends on his ability to inspire other people to express the leader's will.
- 25. Power and the State TheStateisthemostpowerfulsocialand politicalinstitution.Mostgroupsdepends uponlegitimateauthorityforsurvivalbutthe statealonehasthemonopolyinthelegitimate useofphysicalforcetofollowdictates.The statehasthefunctiontoregulatetradeand commerceandtoprotectitscitizensfrom outsideaggression.
- 26. Governmentexistforthegood ofits constituents. Itistheretoprotectitspeoplefrom harm,ensuresafety andsecurity, aswellas promotetheireconomic, cultural,moralandsocial wellbeing. Infilipinowayoflife,muchiflefttobedesired forimprovementinpolitics andgovernment. The long-cherished dreamgenuinenational developmentforthefilipinopeopleseemstobea beaconofhopeinthedistantfuture.
- 27. Basic features of the philippine local government include: 1.The Province 2.The Sangguniang Panlalawigan 3.The City 4.The Municipality 5.The Barangay
- 31. Municipality This unit comprises barangays and primary serves the inhabitant within its jurisdiction through effective delivery of basic services. The sangguniang bayan, as the legislatives organ of the municipal government, enact ordinance and adopt resolution for the general welfare of the municipality and its citizens.
- 32. Barangay Thebasicpoliticalunitservesasaformwherein collective views ofthepeoplemaybeexpressed, crystallized andconsideredandwheredispute withinitsjurisdiction maybeamicablysettled. Its primaryfunctionsdealwithprimaryplanningand implementinggovernmentprograms,projects and developmentalactivities inthecommunity.
- 34. The Philippine Government Is a democratic and republican state as stated in our 1986 constitution philippine politics is democratic in nature and shows certain characteristics which indicate that we have not reached the degree of maturity of established government in modern times.
- 35. THANK YOU FOR LISTENING!! LANUZO, MARY GRACE MORILLA, DANICA SS3 PROFESSOR: CRISTINA PEREZ