1. Decorative Arts of Asia
Amber Frederick
Art 262
Survey of Asian Art
11/7/14
Professor Fred Sigman

2. Ceramics in Japanese Tea Ceremony
•Outline of PowerPoint
Brief history of Tea Ceremony in Japan
Types of Tea Ceremonies
Description of the room
Floor
Hanging Scroll
Utensils used
Etiquette
Preparations
Procedures
Steps
Common words/expressions used during ceremony

3. Brief history of Tea Ceremony
Tea ceremony started in China
In Japan, initially, tea was used only by priest and noblemen as medicine
Nobles often held extravagant tea parties.
Myoan Eisai, (a Japanese priest who studied the Chinese philosophy and religion) was the first to cultivate tea for religious purposes.
Later on, tea became a part of small gatherings.
Designer, Murata Shukou, became known as the “father of the tea ceremony” because the etiquette and the spirit of tea were originated by him.
Iemoto is a school system of traditional arts started by the Sen family.

4. Brief history of Tea Ceremony cont’d
Tea ceremony is a "highly elaborate synthetic art” that includes:
Fine art
Arts and crafts
Pottery
Japanese paintings
Calligraphy
Ikebana (Japanese flower arrangement)
Tea room architecture
Garden design
Kaiseki (Japanese full course meal)
Traditional confectionery

5. Brief history of Tea Ceremony cont’d
Tea ceremony is “an interlude in which one leads oneself for the moment to the spirit of beauty, quietude, and politeness toward others.”
Based on four principles:
Wa–harmony with people and nature
Kae–respect in a harmonious relationship with other people and objects
Sae–purity by cleansing yourself through the five senses: sight, hearing, touch, smell, taste
Jubuo–Tranquility through stillness and silence

6. Types of Tea Ceremonies
Akatsuki-no-chaji
Dawn tea ceremony in winter
Yuuzari-no-chaji
Early-evening tea ceremony
during warmer months
Asa-cha
Early-morning summer tea ceremony
Shoburo
First use of portable brazier in the year (May)
Shougo-no-chaji
Midday tea ceremony
Kuchikiri-no=chaji
Celebrating the breaking of the seal on a jar of a new tea (November)
Nagori-no-chaji
Honors the last remains of the year’s supply of tea (October)
Yobanashi
Winter-evening tea ceremony
Hatsugama
Boiling the first kettle tea ceremony

7. Layout of the room
•Mizuya (preparation section of the room used by the host)
•Host Mat
•Tokonoma (alcove)
•Hearth
•Heart Mat
•Guest Mat
•Entrance Mat

8. Floors
•Covered with Tatami mat
•Varies in thickness and size
•Color fabrics along the edges indicate the rank of the household (earlier centuries) An authentic Tatami mat consist of three parts:
1.Tatami Omote (Reed covering)
2.Tatami Goto (Straw core)
3.Tatami Beri (Decorative cloth edge = brocade)

9. Tatami Omote
•Made of soft reed
▫each reed contains 4,000 -5,000 rushes
•High quality long grass is dyed with natural Japanese clay to enhance even color tone. The color turns to a golden-yellow as it ages.
•Hemp/cotton string used to weave the Omote together

10. Tatami Goto
•Made from 40cm of straw that is crushed down to five centimeters
•Rice straw core is heated in a kiln to 90º Celsius
•Measured and compressed to two inches
•Yarns is used to tightly stitch together to provide durability and level

11. Tatami Beri
The decorative cloth edging of the mat = Brocade

12. Hanging scrolls
•Walls contain:
▫a Kakemono scrolls, (a scroll painting or calligraphy mounted with brocade fabric edges),
▫a Tatejiku,(standing scroll), where the hanging scroll’s width is shorter than the height.
▫There are two types:
Calligraphy design
Painting design

13. Tatejiku Calligraphy Designs

14. Tatejiku Painting Designs

15. Utensils
•Tea equipment is called dǒgu(tools) and is mostly made of ceramic.
•It generally includes the following:
▫Chabako-a box containing a set of tea utensils
used when a tea ceremony takes place at a location that is different from the teacher’s home.
▫Chaki–made of bamboo or ceramicBamboo (natsume) is used to make thin tea
Ceramic (chaire) is used to make a thick tea (Matcha, a powered green tea)

16. Utensils
▫Daisu–a large, portable, double- shelved display stand
▫Lower shelf contains:
▫portable burner (furo)
▫ladle stand (shakutate)
▫waste water jar (kensui)
▫water jug (mizusashi)
▫Dora–a copper gong used to summon guests to return to the Chashitsu (tea house)
▫Hachi–Bowl for sweets or food
▫Sweets are usually eaten before drinking green tea

17. Utensils
▫Hai –Ash from the bed of the portable brazier
▫Ash is sculpted into elegant forms so that it can be admired as part of the tea ceremony
▫Hana-ire–a flower vase for a Chabana. It’s hung or placed at the base of a Tokonoma (a built-in recessed space) and is often made of bamboo

18. Utensils
•Kaishi–Japanese style mini napkin used to wipe the rim of the Chawan after drinking Koicha (thick tea)
•Kan–iron or brass rings used to lift and move the Kama (kettle or metal pot)
•Kouboku–is an aromatic wood used to place together with Sumi (charcoal) to create a soothing fragrance in the Chashitsu

19. Utensils
•Kuromoji –are natural wooden chopsticks used to transfer Wagashi sweets to a Kaishi paper.
•Neriko–is a blended incense used during the winter season to prepare hot water in the Ro
•Ro–a fire pit in a sunken hearth

20. Utensils
•Tana–a less formal utensil stand used to display and bring individual utensil to the guests’ attention
•Tenmoku–a tea bowl with a narrow foot
•Tenmoku-dai–a stand for the tenmoku bowl
•Tenugui –a rectangular cotton hand towel

21. Etiquette
•Average meeting has five guests
▫First guest (guest of honor) is called Shokyaku
is the only person that speaks to the Teishu during the Tea Ceremony
▫Second guest is called Jikyaku
▫Other guest are called Kyaku
▫Last guest is Tsume
▫Everyone has a special ranking, sitting order, andhave fixed duties to perform during the Tea Ceremony

22. Etiquette
•Receiving and eating Wagashi
▫You need to wait for Teishu to warm the Chawan with hot water and discard the waste water into the Kensui before you can eat the Wagashi
•Drinking Koicha involves:
▫Picking up the Chawan

23. Etiquette
▫Apologies and Bows
▫Being ready to drink

24. Etiquette
▫Wiping the rim
▫Usucha (thin tea)

25. Tea preparation is simple but
it is performed through fixed
movements where utensils are
placed at predetermined
locations
Preparations

26. There are two preparation styles:
Ro during the winter
Furo during the summer

27. Procedures
•Main differences between preparing tea:
▫In summer –Kama is placed on a brazier
▫In winter –Kama is placed in the Ro
▫Utensils used are placed at slightly different locations
▫Conclusion of the tea ceremony is different due to the placement of the utensils

28. Steps
•Generally, the steps to preparing the tea ceremony include the following:
▫Invite guest, clean, prepare teahouse
▫Opening the door
▫Presenting the sweets
▫Bringing in tea utensils
▫Greeting and clothes
▫Cleaning the Natsume
▫Cleaning the Chashaku
▫Remove Futa from the Kama
▫Cleaning the Chasen

29. Steps
▫Warming the Chawan
▫Scoop Matcha into the Chawan
▫Remove lit from Mitzusashi
▫Scoop hot water into Chawan
▫Whisk Matcha and Oyu
▫Serving green-tea to guests
▫Dialog with Shokyaku
▫Cleaning the Chawan
▫Continue making tea
•Conclusion of the tea ceremony is based on summer or winter procedures

30. Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
•The Tea Ceremony is spoken in Japanese. Below are a few common words and expressions used:
Aisatsu–greeting
Chabana –a type of flower displayed in the alcove
Chakai –tea gathering
Chashitsu –tea room
Haiken –viewing of objects
Iemoto –founder of a certain school
Kaiseki –tea ceremony meal
Kashi –the sweets served before tea
Koicha –thick tea
Oyu –hot water
Usucha –thin tea

31. Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
Okashi wo dzo
Please have some sweets
Ippuku sashi agemasu
I would like serve you a bowl of tea
Oshitsurei itashimashita
Please excuse me
Host’s expressions

32. Common words/expressions used during the tea ceremony
Guest expressions
Otemae chodai itashimasu
Thank you for making the tea
Osakini shitsureishimasu
Pardon me for going ahead of you
Ikochira wa juubun itadakimashita
We have had enough

33. References
Chaki. (n.d.). digplanet.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from digplanet.comwebsite:
http://www.digplanet.com/wiki/Chaki
History. (n.d.). explorejapaneseceramics.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from explorejapaneseceramics.comwebsite:
http://www.explorejapaneseceramics.com/basic/general/history.html
Japanese Art of Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). www.asia-art.net. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from www.asia- art.netwebsite: http://www.asia-art.net/japanese_tea.html
Mingei Arts . (n.d.). mingeiarts.com. Retrieved December 2, 2014 from mingeiarts.comwebsite:
http://mingeiarts.com/discover/know-the-difference-between-japanese-chinese-korean-artifacts/
Quick History: Tatami Mats . (n.d.). apartmenttherapy.com. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from apartmenttherapy.comwebsite: http://www.apartmenttherapy.com/quick-history-tatami-matsretro- 154420

34. References
Tatami. (n.d.). wikipedia.org. Retrieved December 3, 2014 from wikipedia.org website:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tatami
TatamiMatInformationGuide. (n.d.). chopa.com. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from chopa.comwebsite:
http://www.chopa.com/ShopSite/tatami-mat-information.html
The Japanese Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). teavana.com. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from teavana.comwebsite:
http://www.teavana.com/tea-info/japanese-tea-ceremony
The Japanese Tea Ceremony . (n.d.). japanese-tea-ceremony.net. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from japanese-tea-ceremony.netwebsite: http://japanese-tea-ceremony.net/
The Urasenke Foundation . (n.d.). urasenke.org. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from urasenke.orgwebsite:
http://www.urasenke.org/characters/
Yunomi-Tea Cups . (n.d.). e-yakimono.net. Retrieved December 5, 2014 from e-yakimono.netwebsite:
http://www.e-yakimono.net/html/yunomi-jt.html