Smoking and cvd

1. SMOKING &
CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASES

2. Definition
• Never Smokers – Adults who have never smoked a
cigarette or who smoked fewer than 100 cigarettes in their
entire lifetime.
• Former Smokers – Adults who have smoked at least 100
cigarettes in their lifetime, but say they currently do not
smoke.
• Nonsmokers – Adults who currently do not smoke
cigarettes, including both former smokers and never smokers.
• Current Smokers – Adults who have smoked 100
cigarettes in their lifetime and currently smoke cigarettes every
day (daily) or some days (nondaily).
http://dhds.cdc.gov/guides/healthtopics/indicator

5. FACTORS?
• Cigarette smoke contains over 4,000 known
components, of which only a few components
have been examined in isolation
 Carbon monoxide (CO)
 Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons found in the tar
fraction
 Nicotine
 Free radical-mediated oxidative stress(Currently
most accepted hypothesis)

6. Effects
• Cigarette smoking predisposes the individual to
several different clinical atherosclerotic syndromes,
including stable angina, acute coronary syndromes,
sudden death, and stroke. Aortic and peripheral
atherosclerosis are also increased.

7. Hung MJ, Hu P, Hung MY. Coronary Artery Spasm: Review and
Update. Int J Med Sci 2014; 11(11):1161-1171

8. • Passive smoking (environmental tobacco exposure)
with a smoke exposure about one-hundredth that of
active CS is associated with approximately a 30%
increase in risk of CAD, compared with an 80%
increase in active smokers