2. Page 2
SAFE SPACE
To help everyone to get the most out of this
experience, there are a few basic rules that all
trainers and participants are asked to follow:
• RESPECT each other’s opinions
• Be prepared to CHALLENGE opinions and have your own
opinions challenged in a constructive and respectful
manner
• Maintain ANONYMITY when discussing experiences
• All discussions within this training are CONFIDENTIAL
4. Page 4
WHAT IS SAFEGUARDING?
In groups discuss – Draw
1. What do you understand by safeguarding?
2. Why is safeguarding important?
3. Who is responsible for safeguarding?
-
5. WHAT THIS COURSE
IS ABOUT
Safeguarding:
Safeguarding is about protecting children and adults from harm within our
programmes and activities. This includes the prevention of exploitation and
abuse as well as any harm caused by our failure to take reasonable care.
In its broadest sense it is also about ensuring that those who represent our
organisation do not engage in behaviours that abuse or exploit others in any
setting.
It brings together Child Protection, PSEA and Sexual Harassment against
Staff.
6. Page 6
WHAT IS SAFEGUARDING
Safe programming,-safe to participate
that our programs do not: cause harm to
people or undermine values, standards
& norms that underpin our work & we
analyse monitor & manage risk
Safe from others –Dedicated
staff working on programs to
improve safety for civilians in
conflict & crisis situations
including: facilitate referrals
for survivors of Violence to
emergency and Protection
services: Community based
protection & advocacy &
campaigning
Safeguarding-safe from us: A
set of procedures , measures
and practices that ensure
WEA upholds its commitment
to prevent, respond, &
protect individuals from
SEAH & child abuse
7. Page 7
WHAT IS SAFEGUARDING?
* Protection from Sexual Exploitation and Abuse
* Child & Vulnerable Adult Safeguarding
Survivors can include anyone we meet through our work.
Safeguarding is about preventing and
responding to all allegations of sexual
misconduct (including sexual exploitation
and abuse), Child Abuse and Vulnerable
Adult abuse carried out by staff or those
working on our behalf against our
beneficiaries, staff, volunteers, partners,
suppliers or supporters.
9. Page 9
WHY IS SAFEGUARDING IMPORTANT?
We know
that abuse
and
exploitation
in all its
forms is a
reality
It is our
responsibility
to everyone we
work with to
face up to this
reality and
confront it
Clear
commitment to
Safeguarding
from Senior
leadership
Community
and beneficiary
wellbeing
Funding
Safe
programming
WEA
reputation
Trust in
WEA
Staff
Wellbeing
10. Page 10
THE COST OF GETTING IT WRONG
To the Survivor
• Significant emotional and physical distress and injury
• Risk of rejection from family/ community and additional harm
• Risk of unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted infection
• Irreparable psychological harm
• Loss of confidence in reporting mechanisms
To the Community
• Loss of confidence in WEA
leading to lack of engagement or
rejection of WEA staff/projects
• Communities lose much needed
support
• Loss of confidence in reporting
mechanisms and disempowers
communities
To the Organisation
• High staff turnover
• Retaliation against personnel
• Withdrawl of funding
• Significant reputational loss
• Significant impact’s on ability to
deliver it’s programs
The costs of getting it wrong can be irreparable – PREVENTION IS KEY
11. THE RIGHT TO SAY ‘NO’
11
VIEWING EXERCISE
What is consent?
Tea as Consent:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pZwvrxV
avnQ
13. Page 13
Sexual Harassment Sexual Exploitation Sexual Abuse
Any unwelcome
sexual advance
whether verbal or
physical.
Taking advantage of
someone’s
vulnerability for
sexual purposes;
often an exchange.
Using power to
force or coerce sex
or sexual acts.
Sexual Harassment, Exploitation and Abuse (SHEA)
Sexual Exploitation and Abuse (SEA)
GENDER-BASED VIOLENCE
Sexual Misconduct
KEY TERMS | SHEA
Power
&
Trust
&
Ability to
say no
Reference: One Oxfam PSEA
Policy
14. Page 14
SEXUAL HARASSMENT
Sexual Harassment is a form of sexual misconduct
Un-wanted conduct of a sexual nature - both men and women can be
victims/survivors
It can take many forms, including:
Sexual Attention becomes Sexual Harassment if:
• It is Persistent AND/OR
• Perpetrator(s) should have known the behavior would be seen as
unacceptable AND/OR
• Recipient made it clear the behavior is offensive
NON VERBAL VERBAL PHYSICAL
15. Page 15
• (Attempted) exchange of sexual favours for goods/services
• Possibly associated pregnancies
• Requests for phone numbers or after-hour visits by distribution
officers, camp managers, service providers.
• Child abuse
• Rumours/allegations of inappropriate relationships with beneficiaries
– including false promises of marriage.
• Sexual harassment (comments, text messages, etc.)
• (Attempted) sexual assault/rape (not as common)
• Forced prostitution, survival sex, prostitution rings, human
trafficking.
• Rumours! (ex. The women were wearing lipstick to the food
distribution.)
15
TYPES OF COMPLAINTS
16. Page 16
Unwanted
conduct of
a sexual
nature
Pattern of
behaviour
Can occur
between
persons of
the same
or different
gender
Both men
and women
can target
others and
be targeted
Verbal,
non-verbal,
or physical
In the
workplace
or in
connection
with work
KEY TERMS | SEXUAL HARASSMENT
17. Page 17
Abuse of a position of power, vulnerability
or trust for sexual purposes.
It is very often in the form of an exchange
E.g.: Sexual favors in exchange for food,
shelter, medicine, employment, or money
It can be misunderstood as consensual
by both children and adults.
A person who is in a vulnerable situation or
in desperate need of something is often not
in a position to consent to sexual activity
with someone powerful or someone with
access to much needed resources
Sexual exploitation
17
KEY TERMS | SEXUAL EXPLOITATION
18. Page 18
Sexual abuse means using
power and/or authority to
coerce or force someone
into sex or sexual acts.
This can include rape,
sexual acts, or
inappropriate touching
under coercive
conditions.
Sexual activity with a child
(a person under the age of
18) is considered sexual
abuse.
Children are not in a
position to consent or to
say no.
KEY TERMS | SEXUAL ABUSE -means the actual or threatened
physical intrusion of a sexual nature, whether by force or under
unequal or coercive conditions.
19. DEFINITIONS & EXAMPLES –
CHILD / ADULTS WHO ARE
VULNERABE ABUSE
Physical Abuse
Actual or likely
physical injury,
such as hitting,
kicking or shaking,
throwing, burning,
etc.
Can also be an
omission or the
failure to protect.
Emotional Abuse
Occurs when a
child’s
developmental
need for affection,
approval,
consistency and
security are not
met, e.g.
conditional
parenting,
exposure to
violence,
emotional
unavailability of
parent/carer.
Refers to persistent
failure to meet a
child’s physical
and/or
psychological
needs, e.g. where a
child suffers
significant harm or
impairment of
development by
being deprived of
food, clothing,
warmth, hygiene,
health care.
Occurs when a
person uses a child
for gratification or
sexual arousal, e.g.
sexual intercourse,
molesting,
prostitution.
Neglect Sexual Abuse
20. Page 20
ADULT SAFEGUARDING EXAMPLES
PSEA Examples
• A recruiter making sexual advances towards a woman
applying for a job
• A staff at a distribution centre asking a beneficiary her
phone number and address and permission to visit her at
night in exchange of extra/access aid
• A staff sending pictures of a sexual nature to another staff
through Whatsapp
• Drisciminatory jokes against a particular staff based on the
gender or sexual preferences
• An C.volunteer sexually abusing someone in the
community because they are in a position of power
21. The facilitator (from a partner
organisation) in a ‘Child Safe Space’
slaps a child for misbehaving.
ABUSE OR NOT ABUSE?
FLIP CHART
During a community meeting, the
organisers put the children into a
separate room away from their
parents so they do not disturb the
discussions.
A girl age 16 makes sexual
advances towards a staff member.
The staff member responds to these
advances and both become very
close. When they are alone the staff
member fondles her in an
affectionate way. The girl consents
to this.
An adult in her 50’s is supported to by an
NGO to start her own business doing
laundry and repairs. An NGO manager
sends her family laundry to this lady each
week (at least 3 bags) and does not pay
and comments ‘sure you can put these in
when doing other laundry’.
.
A male manager slaps a female staff
member on the bottom as she leaves a
meeting
For each scenario:
1) Is this abuse / exploitation?
2) If so what type / how?
3) Impact on person, others, organisation?
22. Page 22
WHAT IS A “CHILD”?
Below what age is someone considered a “Child”
under Oxfam policy?
ANYONE under the age of 18
is classed as a CHILD
as defined by the Convention on the Rights of
the Child.
Any abuse or exploitation (as
defined on the previous slide)
involving anyone under the
age of 18 is CHILD ABUSE/
EXPLOITATION
23. Page 23
Child safeguarding
Child Safeguarding refers to the set of policies,
procedures and practices that an organisation takes to
make sure its staff, programs and operations are safe
for children who enter in contact with the organisation
from all forms of abuse.
Group Work: Forms and types AE
24. Page 24
FORMS OF
CHILD ABUSE
AND
EXPLOITATION
Physical
Abuse
Emotional
Abuse
Neglect
Sexual Abuse Commercial
Sexual
Exploitation
Online Sexual
Exploitation
Online Facilitated
Sexual Abuse
Child Labour
Family
Violence Military Use
of Children
Child
Trafficking
Grooming
Child Marriage
25. Page 25
The following videos are available to download in the
“supporting materials” folder for this module.
• DRC Survivor of PSEA talking about her experiences
and the impact on her and her child
• Haiti survivor of PSEA talking about her experiences
and the impact on her
VIDEO RESOURCES
26. Page 26
CHILD SAFEGUARDING EXAMPLES
Child Safeguarding Examples
• A contractor involving children in building a
center/clinic/hospital/ school for a project
• Staff or associated personnel having transactional sex
with a child beneficiary in exchange for access to aid (sex
for food)
• Children refered to a centre where they are further
discriminated against or abused
• Staff or associated personnel using emotional or physical
violence to discipline children during a food distribution
• Photo and details of a child survivor such as name and
address shared with media or donor or among staff in a
case study
27. Page 27
VIDEO INTRODUCTION
Please watch the following video from Save the Children
(available in the supporting materials folder for this module)
28. Page 28
The 6 core principles of PSEAH
1) Sexual activity with children (persons under the age of 18) is
prohibited
2) Exchange of SEA constitute acts of gross misconduct and are
grounds for termination of employment
3) money, employment, goods, or services for sex is prohibited
4) Sexual relationships between staff and beneficiaries are
prohibited Staff members must report concerns regarding SEA
by a fellow worker.
5) Staff members, especially those in leadership positions, are
obliged to create and maintain an environment that prevents
SEA.
29. Page 29
CHILD SAFEGUARDING REPORTING
DOs and DON’Ts
DO Refer the Child to relevant services if this is required
DO Report immediately
DO Be confidential
DO Be as precise as possible
DO Report who, what, when, where
DON’T investigate
DON’T ask ‘why’
DON’T ask leading questions to the alleged survivor
DON’T go/talk to the alleged perpetrator
31. Page 31
POWER AND VULNERABILITY
HUNGRY,
THIRSTY,
ILL
SCARED, CONFUSED,
TRAUMATISED
ALONE OR
ISOLATED
NO CONTROL
RECEIVE INFORMATION
NO INCOME
GIVE ACCESS TO FOOD,
WATER, MEDECINES
WORK IN A
TEAM
PROVIDE
SUPPORT
GIVE INFORMATION
HAVE
INCOME
HAVE CAR, BADGES
LOGO, RADIO…
VULNERABILITY
(Beneficiary/
Affected
Communities)
POWER
Aid Workers
32. Page 32
POWER AND VULNERABILITY
As humanitarian workers, we need to be aware of the
additional risks we bring to vulnerable communities and
mitigate against those risks
33. Page 33
• Where is the intersection with
Safeguarding and your area of work?
• Are people proactively talking about
Safeguarding in your area of work?
• What more do you think needs to be done
to weave Safeguarding through all aspects
of WEA?
• Have there been instances where you
wish you’d known more about
Safeguarding? 33
IN GROUPS…
35. Page 35
EXERCISE – BARRIERS TO REPORTING
In your locations answer the
Following questions. You have
10 minutes
Group 1: Write down as many different reasons you can
think of why survivors may not report SEA
Group 2: Write down as many different reasons you can
think of why staff or associated people may not report
SEA
We will then discuss in plenary
36. Page 36
THE TIP OF THE ICEBERG
Cases which survivors
choose not to report
Cases which persons with
reporting responsibility choose
not to report
Cases which survivors don’t
know they can complain about
Cases where people don’t
know how to complain
Cases
people are
too scared
to report
Cases where
confidences
aren’t acted
upon
WE NEED TO
LOOK BENEATH
THE SURFACE
37. Page 37
UNDER REPORTING SUMMARY
WHY STAFF/ASSOCIATED
PERSONNEL DON’T REPORT
WHY SURVIVORS DON’T REPORT
• Fear of retaliation or stigmatisation
• Lack of information on how to
report
• Protecting the perpetrator
• Fear of not being listened to
• Fear that people will not believe
• No trust in the response
• No time to report
• No sure if it is true – doubting
• Rely on someone else to report/
Don’t want to be involved
• Personal
internalisation/acceptance
• Fear not to be listened to or
understood
• Don’t want to cause trouble for a
colleague/friend
• Victim often reluctant to disclose
sexual exploitation/abuse
• Don’t want to “re-live” the trauma
• Feelings of loyalty & shame
• May not realise it was abuse
• May think they were in control/
consenting
• May be encouraged by parents/
friends not to report
• Don’t believe they will be believed
• Afraid they will lose essential aid
• Fear of loss of reputation
• Fear of family/community reaction
• Afraid of their abuser
• Believe their abuser is immune to
punishment because of their position
38. Roles & Responsibilities
Senior Leadership:
∙ Responsible for the
governance and oversight of
safeguarding by ensuring
that appropriate policy and
systems are in place
∙ Ensure that there are
mechanisms in place to
ensure that all organisation
representatives are aware
of the safeguarding policy,
their responsibilities and
code of conduct
∙ Management of
safeguarding cases
Managers:
∙ Implement the safeguarding
policies and systems within
their area
∙ Ensure systems are in place
in identify and mitigate
against any potential
safeguarding risks
All staff & organisational
representatives
∙ Model and promote respectful
behaviour and act in accordance
with the Code of Conduct
∙ Promote an environment that is
open to hearing concerns
∙ Report any concerns immediately
in accordance with this policy
∙ Ensure the safeguarding messages
are communicated to staff,
organisational representatives,
programme participants and
communities
39. • Induction
• Regular Team Meetings
• Refresher
• All staff – understand safeguarding and reporting
• Programme Staff – risks within programming
• Human Resources / Recruiting Managers – safe recruitment
• Finance/Procurement – Consultants and suppliers
• Complaints – managing concerns and investigations
TRAINING & COMMUNICATION
50. Page 50
5 KEY PRINCIPLES OF A SURVIVOR
CENTRED APPROACH
Treat the
survivor
with dignity
Respect the
decisions of
the survivor
Ensure the
safety of the
survivor
No
discrimination
Maintain
confidentiality
51. Page 51
GBV REFERRAL PATHWAYS
• Medical – hospitals – CMR- PEP Kits
• Psychosocial support – Qualified psychologists, formal and informal
support systems – The church, ministries of gender, women or
social welfare, social workers, CBOs, NGOs etc trained to manage
GBV survivors
• Security – Police who are trained on GBV and handling survivors,
Gender balanced police staff, Available Special protection units or
gender and child desks at police stations where adult and child
survivors of GBV can be received in secure environment with
confidentiality: Police reporting forms easily available and do not
form barriers to access health, psychosocial support or justice
• Justice – Availability of children's or family courts, judges and
magistrates whether traditional or formal trained on human rights &
shelters
52. POLICIES YOU NEED TO KNOW
52
WE-Action Safeguarding policy
WE-Action Human Resource Policy and Procedural Manual
WE-Action Staff Ethics and Code of Conduct
WE-Action Complaints Handling Policy
WE-Action Information Sharing Policy
WE-Action Program Design and Team
WE-Action child and program participant safeguarding policy
WE-Action MELA policy
53. Page 53
END OF MODULE QUIZ
A receptionist at the entrance of a center
authorizing access to the service to a woman in
exchange of sexual favors.
A consultant recruited to document a
programme with case studies of beneficiaries
asking a woman to take off her clothes while
alone with her and forcing her to have sex
Humanitarian worker becoming friends with a
woman beneficiary and offering her some
advantages in exchange for a more “intimate”
relationship and visits at night.
A staff member of Oxfam sending emails with
sexual content to a female colleague several
times while she asked him to stop sending such
messages.
Sexual exploitation
Sexual Abuse
Sexual exploitation
Sexual harassment
54. Page 54
END OF MODULE QUIZ
Contractors staying overnight in a beneficiary
community and bringing women from the
community into their accommodation at night
A manager of a beneficiary committee set-up by
the project recruiting a women from the
community as a volunteer in exchange for sex
During a field visit to a remote area, a female
staff is repeatedly propositioned by a male
colleague with whom she is sharing
accommodation.
A female beneficiary being forced to engage in
sexual activity with an Oxfam member of staff
against her will
Organized sexual exploitation involving women
occurring at the hotel next to the camp and
involving partner staff and volunteers
Sexual Exploitation
Sexual exploitation
Sexual harassment
Sexual abuse
Sexual exploitation and
abuse
