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CAPITULO IV
ANÁLISIS HIDROLÓGICO Y MORFOMÉTRICO DE CUENCAS
UTILIZANDO ARCGIS 10.x
¿Qué es la morfometria de las cuencas?
Es el estudio cuantitativo de las características físicas
de una cuenca hidrográfica y se utiliza para analizar
la red de drenaje, las pendientes y la forma de una
cuenca a partir del calculo de valores numéricos.
Es importante señalar que las mediciones deben ser
realizadas sobre un mapa con suficiente información
hidrográfica y topográfica.
Delimitación de una cuenca utilizando ArcGis 10.X
Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca
Área (A)
• Corresponde a la superficie delimitada por la divisoria de aguas de
la zona de estudio; éste parámetro se expresa normalmente en
km2
Perímetro (P)
• Es la longitud sobre un plano horizontal, que recorre la divisoria de
aguas. Éste parámetro se mide en unidades de longitud y se
expresa normalmente en metros o kilómetros.
Unidad Hidrologica Area (Km2) N° de orden
Micro cuenca 10 - 100 1,2,3
Sub cuenca 101 - 700 4,5
Cuenca >700 6 a mas
Tamaño relativo de los sistemas hidrologicos
Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca
Cotas
• Cota mayor de la cuenca (CM): Es la mayor altura a la
cual se encuentra la divisoria de la cuenca (msnm.).
• Cota menor de la cuenca (Cm): Es la cota sobre la
cual la cuenca entrega sus aguas a un cauce superior
(msnm.)
Centroide (x,y,z)
• El centro de masas es el punto en una figura donde
toda la masa actúa como si estuviera concentrada.
Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca
Altitud
• Altitud media
• Altitud mas frecuente
• Altitud de frecuencia media 0
1000
2000
3000
4000
5000
0 20 40 60 80 100
Altura
(m.s.n.m.)
AREA - F.R. Acumulada(%)
CURVA HIPSOMETRICA
4.84
5.73
7.96 8.12 7.7 7.4 7.97
10.23
12.76 13.4
10.92
2.956
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
AREA
-
F.R.(%)
Altura (m.a.n.m.)
POLIGONO DE FRECUENCIAS
Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca
Pendiente (S)
• Pendiente media de la cuenca (S): es el valor medio
del declive del terreno y la inclinación, respecto a la
horizontal, de la vertiente sobre la cual se ubica la
cuenca.
Generación de las propiedades de la red hídrica de una cuenca
Longitud del cauce principal (L)
• Corresponde a la longitud del cuerpo de agua que le da
nombre a la cuenca de estudio, en este parámetro se
tienen en cuenta la sinuosidad cauce; éste parámetro se
expresa normalmente en kilómetros.
Orden de la red hídrica
• Es un número que tiene relación estrecha con el número
de ramificaciones de la red de drenaje.
• Jerarquización de la red hídrica por el método de
Strahler
FACTOR DE FORMA (Horton)
DENSIDAD DE DRENAJE
Calculo de parámetros morfométricos de una cuenca
Calculo de parámetros morfométricos de una cuenca
TIEMPO DE CONCENTCION (Tc)
Es considerado como el tiempo de viaje de
una gota de agua de lluvia que escurre
superficialmente desde el lugar más lejano
de la cuenca hasta el punto de salida
PENDIENTE MEDIA DEL CURSO
PRINCIPAL (𝑺𝒑)
California Culvert Practice (1942)
𝑺𝒑 =
∆𝑽
∆𝑯
𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
Ejemplo: Analisis Hidrológico y
morfométrico de la cuenca
Jequetepeque utilizando ArcGIS
10.X

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Capitulo iv

  • 1. CAPITULO IV ANÁLISIS HIDROLÓGICO Y MORFOMÉTRICO DE CUENCAS UTILIZANDO ARCGIS 10.x
  • 2. ¿Qué es la morfometria de las cuencas? Es el estudio cuantitativo de las características físicas de una cuenca hidrográfica y se utiliza para analizar la red de drenaje, las pendientes y la forma de una cuenca a partir del calculo de valores numéricos. Es importante señalar que las mediciones deben ser realizadas sobre un mapa con suficiente información hidrográfica y topográfica.
  • 3. Delimitación de una cuenca utilizando ArcGis 10.X
  • 4. Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca Área (A) • Corresponde a la superficie delimitada por la divisoria de aguas de la zona de estudio; éste parámetro se expresa normalmente en km2 Perímetro (P) • Es la longitud sobre un plano horizontal, que recorre la divisoria de aguas. Éste parámetro se mide en unidades de longitud y se expresa normalmente en metros o kilómetros. Unidad Hidrologica Area (Km2) N° de orden Micro cuenca 10 - 100 1,2,3 Sub cuenca 101 - 700 4,5 Cuenca >700 6 a mas Tamaño relativo de los sistemas hidrologicos
  • 5. Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca Cotas • Cota mayor de la cuenca (CM): Es la mayor altura a la cual se encuentra la divisoria de la cuenca (msnm.). • Cota menor de la cuenca (Cm): Es la cota sobre la cual la cuenca entrega sus aguas a un cauce superior (msnm.) Centroide (x,y,z) • El centro de masas es el punto en una figura donde toda la masa actúa como si estuviera concentrada.
  • 6. Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca Altitud • Altitud media • Altitud mas frecuente • Altitud de frecuencia media 0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 0 20 40 60 80 100 Altura (m.s.n.m.) AREA - F.R. Acumulada(%) CURVA HIPSOMETRICA 4.84 5.73 7.96 8.12 7.7 7.4 7.97 10.23 12.76 13.4 10.92 2.956 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 AREA - F.R.(%) Altura (m.a.n.m.) POLIGONO DE FRECUENCIAS
  • 7. Generación de las propiedades superficiales de una cuenca Pendiente (S) • Pendiente media de la cuenca (S): es el valor medio del declive del terreno y la inclinación, respecto a la horizontal, de la vertiente sobre la cual se ubica la cuenca.
  • 8. Generación de las propiedades de la red hídrica de una cuenca Longitud del cauce principal (L) • Corresponde a la longitud del cuerpo de agua que le da nombre a la cuenca de estudio, en este parámetro se tienen en cuenta la sinuosidad cauce; éste parámetro se expresa normalmente en kilómetros. Orden de la red hídrica • Es un número que tiene relación estrecha con el número de ramificaciones de la red de drenaje. • Jerarquización de la red hídrica por el método de Strahler
  • 9. FACTOR DE FORMA (Horton) DENSIDAD DE DRENAJE Calculo de parámetros morfométricos de una cuenca
  • 10. Calculo de parámetros morfométricos de una cuenca TIEMPO DE CONCENTCION (Tc) Es considerado como el tiempo de viaje de una gota de agua de lluvia que escurre superficialmente desde el lugar más lejano de la cuenca hasta el punto de salida PENDIENTE MEDIA DEL CURSO PRINCIPAL (𝑺𝒑) California Culvert Practice (1942) 𝑺𝒑 = ∆𝑽 ∆𝑯 𝒙𝟏𝟎𝟎
  • 11. Ejemplo: Analisis Hidrológico y morfométrico de la cuenca Jequetepeque utilizando ArcGIS 10.X

Editor's Notes

  1. ¿Cómo influye la densidad de drenaje en la escorrentía? Generalmente una densidad de drenaje alta se asocia con materiales impermeables a nivel superficial, vegetación dispersa y relieves montañosos. Por el contrario una densidad de drenaje baja refleja una cuenca pobremente drenada con una respuesta hidrológica muy lenta igualmente sugiere materiales duros y resistentes desde el punto de vista litológico
  2. ¿Cómo influye la densidad de drenaje en la escorrentía? Generalmente una densidad de drenaje alta se asocia con materiales impermeables a nivel superficial, vegetación dispersa y relieves montañosos. Por el contrario una densidad de drenaje baja refleja una cuenca pobremente drenada con una respuesta hidrológica muy lenta igualmente sugiere materiales duros y resistentes desde el punto de vista litológico
  3. ¿Cómo influye la densidad de drenaje en la escorrentía? Generalmente una densidad de drenaje alta se asocia con materiales impermeables a nivel superficial, vegetación dispersa y relieves montañosos. Por el contrario una densidad de drenaje baja refleja una cuenca pobremente drenada con una respuesta hidrológica muy lenta igualmente sugiere materiales duros y resistentes desde el punto de vista litológico