4. ( www.indianexpress.com )
Fig 1 . Traffic jam at Mumbai
Fig 2 . Traffic jam at Kochi Fig 3 . Traffic jam at Mexico
Fig 4 . Accident at Delhi
Fig 5 . Road accident
4
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
5. According to the studies
• 1.24 million death per each year
• 3287 death per day
• More than 12 hr traffic block in major city
• To avoid these
• Intelligent Transportation System ( ITS ) created
• First starting in US in 1995
( www.indianexpress.com)
5
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
6. INTELLIGENT TRANSPORTATION SYSTEM
( I T S )
• ITS is a world wide initiative to improve the transportation
system
• It’s aim is to manage vehicles , passengers and routes , etc…..
• It is used to improve safety , vehicle wear , transportation time
and reduce fuel cost
• It enhance quality of environment
6
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
7. ITS Services
• Advanced Traffic Management Systems, ATMS
• Advanced Traveller Information Systems, ATIS
• Advanced Public Transportation Systems, APTS
• Information Management System, IMS
• Emergency Management System, EMS
• Commercial Vehicle Operations, CVO
7
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
8. Advanced Traveller Information System
( ATIS )
• ATIS is a economical method to improve all type traffic operations
• This method give information about real time traffic congestions
• It provide the data about speed , volume capacity and distance
• ATIS data is displayed on maps
• These facility can be accessed from mobile internet also
• This method is very good for Indian conditions
8
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
9. FUNCTIONAL AREAS OF ATIS
• Changeable Message Sign (CMS)
• Highway Advisory Radio (HAR)
• Global Positioning System (GPS)
• Geographic Information System ( GIS )
• Car Display System ( CDS )
• Best Route Analysis
• Wireless Communications
9
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
10. 10
Changeable Message Signal ( CMS )
( Nathan Huynh.et.al )
• Devices of this system is provided on the side of the road
• It provide update information about traffic congestions
• It give information to the vehicle to take diversions , speed limit etc..
• Information about road failure
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
11. Fig 6. Changeable Message Signal In Germany ( www.samsclub.com )
11
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
12. Highway Advisory Ratio ( HAR )
• Airport authority of US was first created this
• Information is transmitted through small road side transmitters
• AM/FM methods are used for data transmission
• It provide warnings , advisories and direction to the drivers
• Each message is less than one minute duration
12
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
13. Fig 7. Highway Advisory Ratio (www.samsclub.com)
13
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
14. Global Positioning System ( GPS )
• This is a common method used for traffic studies
• Cell phone linked positioning operation
• High frequency signal is used for data transmission
Fig 8. Global Positioning System ( www.ustraffic.com )
14
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
15. Working procedure of GPS
• Operation of GPS is done by 24 satellites ( Rotating twice a day )
• GPS receivers by triangulation method finding location of vehicle
• Based on the obtained data location is plotted in map
• GPS can open at any lighting and weather conditions
Fig 9. GPS Analysis Display ( www.ustraffic.com )
15
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
16. Geographic Information System ( GIS )
• Main functional area of ATIS
• Providing location based information of bus and train
• Give data about Shortest Path , Closet Facilities and City Bus Routes
• Shortest path always help to reach the destination in short time
• Closet Facilities will reduce the cost of transportation
• City Bus Routes is help to find the path way of each bus in a city
16
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
17. Fig 10. GIS working system ( www.ustraffic.com )
17
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
18. Car Display System ( CDS )
• It is a programmable display system with a LED screen (11.4 × 8.4 cm)
• Speaker provision is provided for listening audio information
• Digitized human word at a rate of 150 words/ min audio information
18
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
19. Fig 11. Car Display System ( www.autoscope.com )
19
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
20. Best Route Analysis
• Used to provide best travelling pathway for travelers
• Give pre-trip and en-route information
• Most of the given information are from past experience
• Feed back facilities provided to improve the data distribution
20
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
21. Wireless Communication System
• Combined with ATIS base server
• Information passed to users through PCD
• Collected information is stored at specified location
• For a location there will be a processing unit
21
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
22. Fig 12. Wireless Communication System ( www.ustraffic.com )
22
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
24. Point Sensors
• Point sensors are placed at specified point
• Range of this sensor is very small
• Each location there is controlling point placed
• These points are sending the information to users
24
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
25. Point Sensors
• Inductive Loops
• Video Image Detectors
• Piezo Sensors
• Radar Method
• Laser Beam
• Closed Circuit System
25
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
27. Inductive Loops
• Small slots are crated by copper wire in road
• Current is passed through this loops
• During movement of vehicle electromagnetic induction occur
• Difference is collected by single/dual loop detectors
• Used at highway segment and intersections
• It is help for counting vehicle number
27
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
28. Video Image Detectors
• Best method for data collection
• Help for calculating traffic volume
• It can focused to a point
• When a vehicle enter the target area camera ON ,
when it move out detectors will automatic OFF
28
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
30. Piezo Sensors
• A piezo electric material is laid in small slots of the road
• During motion a physical pressure created by each vehicle
• Electric voltage induced due to the pressure
Fig 15. Piezo Sensors ( www.calameo.com )
30
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
31. Radar Method
• Road divided into small zones
• A sensor post placed at side of the road
• Source on the post emit micro wave energy
• Detectors are placed at the side of the road for catching the ray
• Vehicle identification done by variation on frequency
31
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
33. Laser Beams
• By scanning is done from both side of the road
Fig 17. Laser Beams ( www.msqueen.com )
33
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
34. Closed Circuit System
• Live snaps of the road taken and send to control room
• Very is to identify the traffic jam
Fig 18. Closed Circuit System ( www.minagarmic.com )
34
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
35. Area Sensors
• Counting traffic condition for a large area
• Count data for long time
• It can also calculate vehicle at parking place
35
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
37. Radio Triangulation
• Transmitter on each vehicle send information about location
• Receiver on each location catch the information
• Time difference of the signal help to calculate distance
37
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
38. Wireless Receiver Tag
• Unique identification number given to each vehicle
• Trackers placed on the side of the road
• During motion trackers identify the vehicle
38
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
39. License Plate Readers
• This system has a red light camera
• Movement of the vehicle captured at target area
• Speed calculation
• By time difference distance calculation
39
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
40. Smart Card Method
• Smart card is given to each driver
• Details of the card connected to group of system
• Recording payment details
• By payment data vehicle identification done
40
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
41. ADVANTAGES OF ATIS
• ATIS reduce traffic congestions
• ATIS provide immediate hazard warning
• ATIS give information about road condition
• Provide information to user at right time
• Error free software
41
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
42. DISADVANTAGES OF ATIS
• Cost of implementation of ATIS is very high
• Setting receiver stations on car very difficult
• Lac for finding power source
• Data storing need high capacity electronic device
42
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
43. ATIS IN WORLD
• Most of the developed countries are using this method
• HAR ratio is using in Japan, Italy and US
• Canada and UK using full techniques of ATIS
• Automatic warning system is the first ATIS service in Railway
(England ) - 1999
•
43
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
44. Automatic Warning System ( AWS )
• AWS providing signal to train 185m before stopping point
• Controlling of train done by electromagnetic method
• Major parts – Control box, Connection valves, Indicators on cabin
and a locomotive part
• Need 12V – 40V for normal use
• AWS provide speed restriction signals also
44
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
46. Working of AWS
• A sound bell created at driver’s cabin when message received
• AWS provide sound bell until the driver applying break
• If the driver fail to apply break the train will stop within 6 seconds
• Electromagnetic method used for it
46
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
48. ATIS IN INDIA
Case study-ATIS in Chandigarh
( Dhanunjaya Reddi .et.al)
• Chandigarh is the only place in India where ATIS installed (2010)
• GIS is the platform for this
• Arc GIS10 software used for controlling all the operation
• It can store the data of 5000 major and minor roads
• 300 ATMs,150 Hospitals, 170 Schools and colleges
48
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
49. SUMMARY
• ATIS is very useful to overcome the traffic congestion problem
• Automatic working will save National Income
• Initial setting cost of ATIS is very high
• Traffic problem in India can easy to solve by this
• Lac of land consumption is the major problem
• I think Installing ATIS at Trivandrum and Vyttila Ernakulam
help to solve traffic problem
49
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
50. REFERENCE
• David Levinson,(2003), “The value of advanced traveler information systems for
route choice”, Journal on Transportation Research Part C 11, PP-38-42.
• Dhanunjaya Reddy, Praveen Kumar, Varun Singh,(2013), “Transactions on
transportation systems”, Journal on ATIS, Vol 6, PP-26-32.
• Kadiyali L.R, “Traffic Engineering and Transportation planning”, Eighth edition,
Khanna Publishers, Delhi. PP-886-889.
• Nathan Huynh, Yi-Chang Chiu, (2007), “Location configuration design for Dynamic
Message Signs under stochastic incident and ATIS scenarios”, Journal on new
methods of Transportation Part C 15 , PP- 33–50.
• www.autoscope.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
50
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
51. REFERENCE
• www.calameo.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.ieee.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.manoramaonline.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.minagarnic.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.msqueen.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
51
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
52. REFERENCE
• www.neouromorphs.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.samsclub.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.ustraffic.com - Accessed on 14/8/2015
• www.indianexpress.com – Accessed on 14/8/2015
52
11/2/2015GANESH SJ
