Data-mining the Semantic Web

Data-mining the Semantic Web
and spatially visualising the results
Data Visualization for the Arts and Humanities
Queen’s University Belfast 5-6 March 2015

1 of 47@flynam @bilusaurus
Data-mining the Semantic Web and spatially visualising the results
Workshop overview
• Day 1 : Data-mining
– Open Data
– Linked Data
– Linked Open Data implementation
– Semantic Web and ontologies
– Hands-on practicals

Workshop overview
• Day 2 : Data visualisation
– Data visualisation concepts introduction
– Web maps and geo-tagging
– Hands-on practical
– Interpretations
– Hermeneutic circle

From the horse’s mouth
(source: www.ted.com/talks/tim_berners_lee_on_the_next_web)

Open Access
Terminology
Open Data
Big Data
The web of data
The Semantic Web
Linked Data
data mining

Asking questions of digital datasets
Terminology

Open Access
Terminology

Design by Julie Beck
for the Harvard University Neuroinformatics dept
(source: www.juliebcreative.com/portfolio/open-data-logo/)

http://linkedarc.net/surveys/arch-datasharing

Linked Data
Terminology
The linkages between the major Linked Data datasets (source: lod-cloud.net)

Big Data
Terminology
Wordle of terms associated with Big Data activity (source: sfdata.startupweekend.org)

5 Stars of Open Data
put your data online under an open license
make it structured (e.g. as an Excel file)
use non-proprietary formats (e.g. XML and not Excel)
use URIs to identify resources
link your data to external datasets

The RDF Triple

A Triple Example
‘…the boy’s name is Tom…’
subject
predicate
object

Triple Linking
‘…Tom is short for Thomas…’
subject
predicate
object

Graph data

Serialising RDF
• Turtle
• JSON
• RDF/XML
• N-Triples

RDF Turtle
@base <http://example.org/> .
@prefix rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#> .
@prefix rdfs: <http://www.w3.org/2000/01/rdf-schema#> .
@prefix foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> .
@prefix rel: <http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/> .
<green-goblin>
rel:enemyOf <spiderman> ;
a foaf:Person ; # in the context of the Marvel universe
foaf:name "Green Goblin" .
<spiderman>
rel:enemyOf <green-goblin> ;
a foaf:Person ;
foaf:name "Spiderman", "Человек-паук"@ru .
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As N-Triples
<http://example.org/green-goblin> <http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/enemyOf>
<http://example.org/spiderman> .
<http://example.org/green-goblin> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<http://example.org/green-goblin> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Green Goblin" .
<http://example.org/spiderman> <http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/enemyOf>
<http://example.org/green-goblin> .
<http://example.org/spiderman> <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type>
<http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person> .
<http://example.org/spiderman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name> "Spiderman" .
<http://example.org/spiderman> <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name>
"u00D0u00A7u00D0u00B5u00D0u00BBu00D0u00BEu00D0u00B2u00D0u00B5u00D0u0
0BA-u00D0u00BFu00D0u00B0u00D1u0083u00D0u00BA"@ru .

As JSON
{"http://example.org/green-
goblin":{"http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/enemyOf":[{"ty
pe":"uri","value":"http://example.org/spiderman"}],"http://www.w3.org
/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-
ns#type":[{"type":"uri","value":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"}],"ht
tp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name":[{"type":"literal","value":"Green
Goblin"}]},"http://example.org/spiderman":{"http://www.perceive.net/s
chemas/relationship/enemyOf":[{"type":"uri","value":"http://example.org
/green-goblin"}],"http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-
ns#type":[{"type":"uri","value":"http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/Person"}],"ht
tp://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/name":[{"type":"literal","value":"Spiderman"},{
"type":"literal","value":"u0427u0435u043bu043eu0432u0435u043a-
u043fu0430u0443u043a","lang":"ru"}]}}

As RDF/XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8" ?>
<rdf:RDF xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#"
xmlns:foaf="http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/"
xmlns:ns0="http://www.perceive.net/schemas/relationship/">
<foaf:Person rdf:about="http://example.org/green-goblin">
<ns0:enemyOf>
<foaf:Person rdf:about="http://example.org/spiderman">
<ns0:enemyOf rdf:resource="http://example.org/green-goblin"/>
<foaf:name>Spiderman</foaf:name>
<foaf:name xml:lang="ru">Человек-паук</foaf:name>
</foaf:Person>
</ns0:enemyOf>
<foaf:name>Green Goblin</foaf:name>
</foaf:Person>
</rdf:RDF>

Visualised as a Graph

Triplestores and Infrastructure

Practical: Making RDF
http://www.franklynam.com/blog.aspx?id=85
Q: Create RDF representations of yourself and
your relationships

The Semantic Web and Ontologies
The stages of the Web (source: urenio.org)

Ontological Classes and Properties

The British Museum data mapping onto the CIDOC CRM
(source: confluence.ontotext.com/display/ResearchSpace/BM+Mapping)

The CIDOC CRM basic entity types and their relationships
(source: www.cidoc-crm.org/)

Vocabularies

Graph data

Minna Sundberg (source: www.sssscomic.com/comic.php?page=196)

Querying using SPARQL
SELECT *
WHERE {
?s ?p ?o
} LIMIT 10

More complex SPARQL
PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>
PREFIX letters1916: <http://letters1916.linkedarc.net/ontology/>
PREFIX letters1916data: <http://letters1916.linkedarc.net/data/>
PREFIX schema: <http://schema.org/>
SELECT DISTINCT ?letter ?letterName ?recipientPostalAddressName ?recipientLongitude ?recipientLatitude
WHERE {
?letter rdf:type letters1916:Letter ;
schema:name ?letterName ;
letters1916:recipientLocation ?recipientPostalAddress .
?recipientPostalAddress schema:addressRegion ?recipientPostalAddressRegion ;
FILTER regex(?recipientPostalAddressRegion, 'Galway', 'i')
?recipientPostalAddress schema:name ?recipientPostalAddressName .
?recipientPlace schema:address ?recipientPostalAddress ;
schema:geo ?recipientGeoCoordinates .
?recipientGeoCoordinates schema:longitude ?recipientLongitude ;
schema:latitude ?recipientLatitude
}
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Practical: Universities on DBpedia
Q: Get a list of all of the universities that DBpedia
knows about

SKOS
@prefix dct: <http://purl.org/dc/terms/> .
@prefix skos: <http://www.w3.org/2004/02/skos/core#> .
@prefix cc: <http://creativecommons.org/ns#> .
<http://linkedarc.net/vocabs/vessel-jar> a skos:Concept ;
cc:license <http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0> ;
cc:attributionURL <http://linkedarc.net> ;
cc:attributionName "linkedarc.net" ;
skos:inScheme <http://linkedarc.net/vocabs> ;
skos:prefLabel “Jar" ;
skos:scopeNote ”A jar concept. Pottery. This isn’t a great scope note." ;
dct:publisher <http://linkedarc.net> ;
dct:identifier <http://linkedarc.net/vocabs/vessel-jar> ;
dct:issued "2015-02-23"^^xsd:date ;
skos:exactMatch <http://purl.org/heritagedata/schemes/mda_obj/concepts/97609> .

SPARQL + FILTER
SELECT * WHERE {
?s rdfs:label ?label .
FILTER langMatches(lang(?label), "en”)
}

SPARQL + FILTER
SELECT * WHERE {
?s rdfs:label ?label .
FILTER langMatches(lang(?label), "en") .
FILTER regex(?label, ”bell", "i”)
}

SPARQL + FILTER
SELECT * WHERE {
?s dct:dateCreated ?dateCreated .
FILTER (?dateCreated > '1900-01-01'
}

Practical: Getty Concepts
Q: Get all of the Getty URIs that represent
concepts related to amphorae
SPARQL endpoint: http://vocab.getty.edu/sparql

Practical: British Museum Sarcophagi
Q: Get the find spots of all of the sarcophagi in
the British Museum collection
SPARQL endpoint: http://collection.britishmuseum.org/sparql

Geo-coding the Find Spots
with Google Refine

The Google Maps API
Address String
Geo-coordinates as JSON

Export as CSV

Practical: data.cso.ie
Q: Get the employment figures generated by the
2011 Irish census by region
SPARQL endpoint: http://nomisma.org/sparql

Practical: Nomisma and Ancient Coins
Q: Get the geo-coordinates of all of the coin
hoards stored in the Nomisma triplestore
SPARQL endpoint: http://data.cso.ie/query.html

Additional Linked Data Resources

Thank you!
Martin Lemay (source: twitter.com/martinlemay)

Data-mining the Semantic Web

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