Presentation of important men of art and science who worked in Europe after 1945

1. Important Men of Art
and
Science
after 1945

4.  The Beatles were an English rock band,
formed in Liverpool in 1960. With
members John Lennon, Paul McCartney,
George Harrison and Ringo Starr

5.  They became widely regarded as the
foremost and most influential act of the
rock era
 The early 1960s, their enormous
popularity first emerged as "Beatlemania’’
 They greatly expanded their popularity in
the United Kingdom after their first hit,
"Love Me Do", in late 1962.

6.  They acquired the nickname "the Fab
Four" as Beatlemania grew in Britain the
next year, and by early 1964 became
international stars, leading the "British
Invasion" of the United States pop
market.

7.  After their break-up in 1970, they each
enjoyed successful musical careers of
varying lengths.

8.  The Beatles are the best-selling band in
history, with estimated sales of over 600
million records worldwide.

9.  McCartney and Starr, the surviving members,
remain musically active

10.  In 2008, the group topped Billboard magazine's
list of the all-time most successful "Hot 100"
artists; as of 2016, they hold the record for most
number-one hits on the Hot 100 chart with
twenty.

11.  They have received ten Grammy Awards, an
Academy Award for Best Original Song Score
and fifteen Ivor Novello Awards.

12.  They were also
collectively included
in Time magazine's
compilation of the
twentieth century's
100 most influential
people.

13. Salvador Dali (1904-1989)
 He was a prominent
Spanish surrealist
painter born in
Figueres, Catalonia,
Spain.

14.  Dalí was a skilled draftsman, best known
for the striking and bizarre images in his
surrealist work.

15.  His best-known work, The Persistence of
Memory, was completed in August 1931.

17. Idil Biret (1941-….)
 She is a Turkish concert pianist, renowned
for her interpretations of the Romantic
repertoire.

18.  From the age of 16, Biret played as a soloist
with the most distinguished orchestras in the
world including
 the London Symphony,
 the Philharmonia,
 the London Philharmonic,
 the Boston Symphony,
 the Leningrad Philharmonic,
 the Leipzig Gewandhaus,
 the Dresden Staatskapelle,
 the Orchestre de la Suisse Romande,
 the Tokyo Philharmonic,
 the Warsaw Philharmonic,
 the Orchestre National de France
 the Sydney Symphony

19.  Biret has been a State Artist since 1971,
an honorary title issued to artists by the
government of Turkey for their
contributions into the Turkish culture.

20.  In 1995, Biret's
recordings of Chopin's
entire oeuvre was
awarded the "Grand Prix
du Disque Frédéric
Chopin" in Poland.

21.  The same year, she
won the "Diapason
d'Or" prize in France
for her recording of
Boulez's sonatas,
which was selected
among the best
recordings of the year
by the newspaper 'Le
Monde'.

22.  She has also received so many awards.
 Biret is now preparing a new edition of all
of Chopin's piano scores for the New York
publisher International Music Company
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2c85
KNesGVo

24. Werner Heisenberg
(1901-1971)
 He was a German
theoretical physicist and one
of the key pioneers of
quantum mechanics.
 In 1927 he published his
uncertainty principle, upon
which he built his philosophy
 Heisenberg was awarded the
Nobel Prize in Physics for
1932 "for the creation of
quantum mechanics

25.  He also made important contributions to
the theories of the hydrodynamics of
turbulent flows, the atomic nucleus
 He was instrumental in planning the first
West German nuclear reactor at
Karlsruhe, together with a research
reactor in Munich, in 1957.
 He was a principal scientist in the Nazi
German nuclear weapon project during
World War II.

26.  Following World War II, he was appointed
director of the Kaiser Wilhelm Institute for
Physics
 Heisenberg was also president of the
German Research Council, chairman of
the Commission for Atomic Physics,
chairman of the Nuclear Physics Working
Group, and president of the Alexander
von Humboldt Foundation

27. Werner Heisenberg atomic model

28. Stephan William Hawking
(1942-……)
 He is an English
theoretical physicist,
cosmologist, author
and Director of
Research at the
Centre for
Theoretical
Cosmology

29.  Hawking was the first to set forth a theory of
cosmology explained by a union of the
general theory of relativity and quantum
mechanics
 His scientific works include a collaboration
with Roger Penrose on gravitational
singularity theorems in the framework of
general relativity and the theoretical
prediction that black holes emit radiation,
often called Hawking radiation.

30.  Hawking is an Honorary Fellow of the
Royal Society of Arts,

31. a lifetime member of

32.  and a recipient of the Presidential Medal of
Freedom,
Thursday, Aug. 13, 2009
From his wheelchair,
he's led us on a journey
to the farthest and
strangest reaches of the
cosmos.
•PRESIDENT OBAMA,
•conferring the
Presidential Medal of
Freedom on scientist
Stephen Hawking

33.  He has achieved commercial success with
works of popular science in which he
discusses his own theories and cosmology
in general; his book A Brief History of
Time appeared on the British Sunday
Times best-seller list for a record-breaking
237 weeks.

34.  Hawking has a rare early-onset, slow-
progressing form of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS) that has gradually
paralysed him over the decades.
 He now communicates using a single
cheek muscle attached to a speech-
generating device

35. Frederick Sanger
(1918-2013)
 He was a British biochemist who won the
Nobel Prize in Chemistry twice

36.  In 1958, he
was awarded a
Nobel Prize in
chemistry "for
his work on
the structure
of proteins,
especially that
of insulin"

37.  In 1980, Walter
Gilbert and
Sanger shared
half of the
chemistry prize
"for their
contributions
concerning the
determination of
base sequences
in nucleic acids’’

38.  Sanger's first triumph was to determine
the complete amino acid sequence of the
two polypeptide chains of bovine insulin, A
and B, in 1952 and 1951, respectively
 Sanger proved that proteins have a
defined chemical composition
 Sanger's principal conclusion was that the
two polypeptide chains of the protein
insulin had precise amino acid sequences
and, by extension, that every protein had
a unique sequence.
 It was this achievement that earned him
his first Nobel prize in Chemistry in 1958.

39. Cahit Arf
(1910-1997)
 He was a Turkish
mathematician.
 He is known for
the Arf invariant of
a quadratic form

40.  Professor Arf 's influence on Turkish
Mathematics was profound.
 Although he had very few formal students,
almost all of the present day active
mathematicians of Turkey, at some time of
their carrier, had fruitful discussions on
their field of interest with him and had
received support and encouragement.

41.  Arf received numerous awards for his
contributions to mathematics, among
them are: İnönü Award in 1948,

42.  Scientific and
Technological
Research Council of
Turkey (TÜBİTAK)
Science Award in
1974

43.  , and Commandeur des Palmes
Academiques (France) in 1994.
 Arf's influence on science in general and
mathematics in particular was profound.
 He facilitated the now-celebrated visit of
Robert Langlands to Turkey (now famous
for the Langlands program, among many
other things); during which Langlands
worked out some arduous calculations on
the epsilon factors of Artin L-functions

44.  Arf's portrait is depicted on the reverse of
the Turkish 10 lira banknote issued in
2009

45.  Middle East Technical
University Department
of Mathematics
organizes a special
lecture session called
the Cahit Arf lecture
each year in memory of
Arf.

46. Erasmus+
70 Years of European history