eBook Pathway to English

1. PATHWAY TO ENGLISH
MEDIA MENGAJAR
FOR SMA/MA GRADE XI

2. A Gift of Family
UNIT 1
shutterstock_160939796

3. Source:
freepik.com/storyset
Reading narrative texts can
help increase people's
motivation.
Moreover, many narratives
contain morals and themes.

4. Open-ended Questions
Open-ended questions are
questions that cannot be
answered only with "Yes“
or "No“. The respondent
should elaborate his/her
answer.
For Example
Can you tell me about it?
Tell me about . . . .
What is the purpose of this
program?
How do you see this
pandemic in the future?

5. Remember!
Some expressions of showing happiness are:
• Fantastic!
• I love it.
• I’m so glad you could make it.
• I can’t say how pleased I am.
Some idiomatic phrases to express happiness are:
• I get a (real) kick out of playing volleyball.
• I’m on cloud nine.
• I feel on top of the world.
• I’m in seventh heaven. Source:
www.freepik.com/freepik

6. Source:
www.freepik.com/studio4rt
Remember!
Some expressions of showing sympathy are:
 I hope you’re feeling better soon.
 Don’t let it get you down.
 Let’s see if we can work this out together.
 Please accept my sincerest condolences.
 You have my heartfelt sympathy.
 I’m sorry to have heard the news.
 I was deeply saddened to learn the news.
 What a pity.
 That’s a shame!

7. Short Stories
A short story is a narrative text.
It is a fictional work with
thematic focus, dealing with a
few characters and may be no
more than a page or two in
length. The purpose of a
narrative text is to entertain the
readers or the listeners with a
story.
Source:
freepik.com/storyset

8. Elements of Short Stories
Characterization: Characters (people, animals, trees, or things) of the story,
the outward appearance of the characters, and the inner emotional,
intellectual, and moral qualities. Characters can be protagonist (main
characters) or antagonist (against the main characters). The character traits
in a story may appear through the character’s dialogues, actions, thoughts,
body gestures and also mimics.
Setting: The time and physical place where the story happens. A strong
sense of the weather season, social setting, and atmosphere are provided by
the descriptions of the story.

9. Elements of Short Stories
Plot: Focus on only one incident, with the structure:
• Begins with the introduction of the character and the setting
• Rising action where the characters meet a crisis.
• Climax as the turning point and most exciting part of the story.
• Falling action as the result of the climax.
• Resolution where the conflict is resolved.
Theme: The theme of a short story is rarely directly stated. Instead, the
readers must discover the theme by questioning and examining the meaning
from details in the story. The theme is based on a certain topic.

10. Elements of Short Stories
Point of View: Also called a perspective. A narrator is sometimes used to
narrate the story.
• First person: the characters (but not always the main character) is telling
the story and speaks from an “I” perspective.
• Third person: the narrator is narrating events that occurred to other
individuals. This narrator can be omniscient. They know everything about
all events, characters, or limited.

11. Elements of Short Stories
Conflict: The point where the protagonist and antagonist collide or has a
problem:
• External conflicts: conflict between the character and something else (i.e.,
another character, nature, society, or fate).
• Internal conflicts: when a character struggles with something inside
themselves (i.e., fear, insecurity, agony, doubt, feeling guilt, etc.).
Literary Devices: A tool used by authors to convey a deeper meaning of the
story. The literary device used in the story is the use of figurative languages
such as: metaphor, simile, hyperbole, personification, etc.

12. Source:
pixabay.com/Memed_Nurrohmad
Remember!
A setting is telling us where and when the story takes place.
If we want to describe about the setting, we absolutely
involve the prepositional phrase of time and place.
A prepositional phrase of place is used to talk about place,
location, or movement. For example: in a busy coffee room,
in a luxurious carved wooden coffee table, from London,
etc.
Whereas a prepositional phrase of time is used to talk
about time. For example: during my life time, one fine
summer day, in 1920, etc.