Estimation of serum urea

1. ESTIMATION OF SERUM
UREA
OPTOM FASLU MUHAMMED

2. OBJECTIVE
 1. To estimate the concentration of urea in serum
 2. To obtain experience in the use of kits

3. INTRODUCTON

4. INTRODUCTON
 Urea is nitrogen compound , formed almost
solely in the liver
 From the catabolism of amino acids and is the
main excretion product of protein metabolism

5. INTRODUCTON
 The concentration of
urea in the blood
serum represent
mainly a balance
between urea
formation from
protein catabolism
and urea excretion by
kidney .

6. INTRODUCTON
 If kidney fail , blood
urea Conc. Increase
to high level and toxic
condition known as
(Uremia ) will result .
 In uremia , urea must
be removed from the
blood by clinical
procedure called
“Blood Dialysis “

7. INTRODUCTON

8. BLOOD UREA NITROGEN (BUN)
 Some time used as measurement of serum
urea
 ½ Mwt of Urea is Nitrogen
Normal range
 Serum urea ( 20-40 ) mg/dl
 BUN ( 5- 25) mg/dl

9. CLINICAL CALCULATOR
HTTP://WWW.CLINICALCULATOR.COM/HOME
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10. CLINICAL CALCULATOR

11. SERUM UREA NORMALLY
VARY DEPENDING ON :
 Age ( due to change kidney function )
 Sex ( conc. are slightly higher in men )
 Diet ( protein diet Urea )

12. ABNORMAL CONDITION
 Causes of high Serum urea
 1. tissue protein catabolism (-ve N
balance)
This occurs in :
Fevers
Wasting disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Diabetic coma
After trauma or a major operation

13. ABNORMAL CONDITION
 2. Excess breakdown of blood protein
Leukemia
Release of leukocyte protein
GIT Bleeding
Hb & plasma protein can
be released in to the gut

14. ABNORMAL CONDITION
 3. Diminished excretion of urea
Pre-renal
Eg,
-Shock
-congestive heart
failure
-Sodium depletion
-Addison’s disease
Renal disease
Eg,
Acute Glomerulonephritis
Chronic heart failure
Sever destructive renal disease
Acute renal failure
Hepatorenal syndrom
Post-renal
Eg,
-Enlarge prostate
Gland
- Stone

15.  Azotemia :- Is a term used for a high blood serum
urea concentration
 Uraemia :- ( as opposed to Azotemia)
 Is the name given to the clinical syndrom that
develops when there is nitrogen retention due to renal
failure

16. LOW SERUM UREA
 1.Late pregnancy Due to :
 glomerluar filtration rate (GFR)
 Use of N by fetus
 Water retention
 2. Liver disease
 3.long term of protein malnutrition
 Increase rate of protein anabolism
 Long term replacement of blood loss with
intravenous dextran or glucose or saline
(Dilution )