If the set of integers were given the indiscrete topology, would it .pdf

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If the set of integers were given the indiscrete topology, would it be connected? Compact? Hausdorff? The answer is It is connected, compact but not Hausdorff. But can you explain why? Solution in indiscrete topology the only open sets are S, phi. and also these are the only closed sets. so by theorem we know that X is connected if The only subsets of X which are both open and closed (clopen sets) are X and the empty set. hence it is connected. X is a hausdroff if any two distinct points of X can be separated by neighborhoods. since there are only two set one is X and another is empty set, so we can not seperate two distinct points of X by their neighbourhood..

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The terminology employed in factory automation is often confusing in part because the names are so similar and in part because the sub areas do indeed overlap. Carefully distinguish among CIM , CAD , CAE , CAM and CAPP indicating any overlaps. Solution CIM(computer integrated manufacturing): It is the approach of using computers for controling the entire production process. This integration allows individual processes to exchange information with each other and initiate actions among them. It simply means the fully use of computer controlled machines and fully automation system in manufacturing products. CAD(computer aided design): It is a software and is used by architects, engineers or artists for the creation of precision drawing for technical overview. it is also helpful in the creation of 2D or 3D models. CAE(computer aided engineering): Is a process of solving problems related to engineering through the help of interactive graphical software.It can be graphical or mathematical or modeling. CAM(computer aided manufacturing): is the software for the controlling of maching tools or to assist all the process for the manufacturing of the machine. CIPP(computer aided process planning): Is the use of technology for the process and planning of a part or product in manufacturing. CAPP is the process in between CAD and CAM. It provides the planning for the process for producing a specific part. ///////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// differences //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////// The logic is that CAD/CAM provide the tools, CIM provides the internal logic and that is used while organizing the computers or the programs and the information that flows among them. Computer-aided manufacturing moto is to use the computer software to control machine tools and related machinery(or machine parts) in the manufacturing process. It is not technically or logically considered a system for engineering software programs, but rather than for hardware solution.But on the other side computer aided engineering involves the processes the software work, like the analysis or simulation part of the actual work done..

The terminology employed in factory automation is often confusing in.pdf

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The probability that A hits a target is 1/4 and the probability that B hits a target 1/3. (a) If each fires twice, what is the probability that the target will be hit at least once? (b) If each fire once and the target is hit only once, what is the probability that A hit the target? Solution probability that A hits a target = 1/4 probability that B hits a target = 1/3 a) after hitting twice, probability that the target will be hit at least once = 1 - probability that the target is not hit at all probability that the target is not hit at all = Probability that A does not hit the target the first time * Probability that B does not hit the target the first time * Probability that A does not hit the target the second time * Probability that B does not hit the target the second time = (1 - 1/4) * (1 - 1/3) * (1 - 1/4) * (1 - 1/3) = 3/4 * 2/3 * 3/4 * 2/3 = 1/4 after hitting twice, probability that the target will be hit at least once = 1 - 1/4 = 3/4 ------------------------------------------ b)If each fire once and the target is hit only once, the probability that A hit the target = probability that A hit the target * probability that B missed + probability that A hit the target * probability that B hit the target = 1/4 * (1 - 1/3) + 1/4 * 1/3 = 1/4 * 2/3 + 1/4 * 1/3 = 1/4.

The probability that A hits a target is 14 and the probability that.pdf

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Step 2: Formulate a Hypothesis Formulate a hypothesis by making an explicit statement about the cause of the common cold based on the observations and generalizations you made in Step 1. based on the 3 things below HypothesisObservation 1: Common cold is caused by bacterial or viral infection and transmitted from one person to other through droplets from infected person. The person infected with common cold show protect his nose or mouth with steril mask, which covers mouth and nose. If nose or mouth is not covered by mask, droplets can transmit common cold to many people in surrounding environment. Observation 2: Common cold is widely transmitted very easily, if a person infected with common cold and he sneezes in public places which is having high population, several thousands of droplets can be transported through air at onetime, when person sneezes, so avoid moving in public places when common cold is rampant in specific area. Observation 3: Doctors who examine the persons suffering with common cold should be careful, the physician should use antibiotics or vaccines to prevent common cold infection. Solution The hypothesis is this statement: Common cold is a viral infectious disease which can be transmistted from one person to another on sneezing.It can be prevented by taking antibiotics and vaccines by the physicians while check-up..

Step 2 Formulate a HypothesisFormulate a hypothesis by making an .pdf

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Since the directions of v and a are entirely independent of each other the derivative of the speed d|b|/dt can take any value between -|a| and + |a| including plusminus |a|. True False Solution False Though direction of change of velocity with respect to time is independent of velocity, The the magnitude of change of velocity with respect to time always represent accleration |a|, and its value can be +/-|a|.

Since the directions of v and a are entirely independent of each othe.pdf

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Reaction Statistics Background When collecting experimental data from chemical reactions, it’s often useful to generate statistics based on the data. One experimental measure is the reaction rate in moles per second, representing the amount of product formed per unit time. If we have a set of these reaction rates collected in a data file, we can calculate summary statistical information, such as the minimum and maximum values, the arithmetic mean, variance, and standard deviation. Finding the minimum and maximum are straightforward: we scan through all the data, and keep track of the smallest and largest values encountered. The arithmetic mean (or average) is defined as: m = (X1+X2+…+Xn)/n where n is the number of reaction rates, and xi represents one experimental reaction rate. Once you have the arithmetic mean, the variance can be calculated as the mean of the squares of the deviations from the mean: v= ((Xn-m)^2+(X2 – m^2) + …+(Xn-m)^2)/n where n is the number of reaction rates, xi represents one experimental reaction rate, and m is the arithmetic mean of the reaction rates. Once you have the variance, you can calculate the standarddeviation as: s = sqrt(v) Assignment You will develop a C program that reads data from an input text file containing chemical reaction rates (in moles per second), and computes the minimum, maximum, arithmetic mean, variance, and standard deviation for that set of data. Your instructor will provide input text files, which will each contain a series of double values, each on a line of its own within the file. Your program will read one of these input files into an array of doubles (i.e., it will populate the array using the data values from the file). Your program will then calculate statistics using that array of doubles, and will write the results out to a separate output text file. The goals of this assignment are to provide you with experience reading and writing text data files, provide you with experience passing an array into a function, and give you more experience organizing your program into separate C functions. When defining your C functions, you may either: Define the functions before they are used by any other functions, OR Place function prototypes near the top of your code (after all #include directives), and then define the functions in any order. Part 1 – Opening Files and Reading Data Create a new Visual Studio Win32 Console project named reactionstats. Create a new C source file named project4.c within that project. At the top of the source file, #define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS, and then include stdio.h, math.h, stdlib.h, stdbool.h, and float.h. Inside your main function, define the following: A one-dimensional array of 600 doubles. They do not need to be initialized to anything at this stage. An integer variable to hold the number of elements in the array, initialized using the approach demonstrated in class, using sizeof. A FILE pointer variable, which will refer to the input data text file..

Reaction StatisticsBackgroundWhen collecting experimental data f.pdf

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Please explain in detaile the European debt crisis Solution In 2007, EU economies, on the surface, seemed to be doing relatively well – with positive economic growth and low inflation. Public debt was often high, but (apart from Greece) it appeared to be manageable assuming a positive trend in economic growth. However, the global credit crunch changed many things. EU Bond Yields Uncompetitiveness Eurozone countries with debt problems are also generally uncompetitive with a higher inflation rate and higher labour costs. This means there is less demand for their exports, higher current account deficit and lower economic growth. (The UK became uncompetitive, but being outside the Euro, the Pound could depreciate 20% restoring competitiveness. Poor Prospects for Growth People have been selling Greek and Italian bonds for two reasons. Firstly because of high structural debt, but also because of very poor prospects for growth. Countries facing debt crisis have to cut spending and implement austerity budgets. This causes lower growth, higher unemployment and lower tax revenues. However, they have nothing to stimulate economic growth. Individual Cases Greece’s Case In early 2010 these difficult developments reflected in rising spreads on sovereign bond yields between the affected peripheral member states of Greece, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, and most notably Germany. The Greek yield diverged in early 2010 with Greece needing eurozone assistance by May 2010. Greece received two bailouts from the EU over the following five years during which the country adopted EU-mandated austerity measures to cut costs while experiencing a further economic recession as well as social unrest. In June 2015 Greece, with divided political and fiscal leadership and a continued recession, was facing a sovereign default. However, on July 5, 2015 the Greek people voted against further EU austerity measures, with a possibility of Greece leaving the European Monetary Union entirely. The withdrawal of a nation from the EMU is unprecedented, and the speculated effects on Greece\'s economy if the currency is returned to the drachma range from total economic collapse to a surprise recovery. Ireland Case Ireland followed Greece in requiring a bailout in November 2010, with Portugal next in May 2011. Italy and Spain were also vulnerable, with Spain requiring official assistance in June 2012 along with Cyprus. By 2014, Ireland, Portugal and Spain, due to various fiscal reforms, domestic austerity measures and other unique economic factors, all successfully exited their bailout programs requiring no further assistance. The road to full economic recovery is still underway. Cyprus, too, reported a slow but steady ongoing recovery, averting further financial crisis thus far. Summary of Main Causes of Debt Crisis.

Please explain in detaile the European debt crisisSolutionIn 2.pdf

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Part 1: Many phone companies are replacing the wire in their phone systems with fiber optic cable. Name at least two advantages they expect to gain from doing so. In one paragraph each, describe why fiber optic cable gives each advantage. Part 2: Explain the difference between an amplifier and a repeater for transmitting data over distances. In your answer, tell why repeaters are preferred for digital data. Part 3: Explain why a hardware timer that can generate interrupts is necessary to support concurrent processing. Part 4: Explain why a graphical or window-based operating system interface is more readily amenable to running multiple tasks than is a command line interface. Part 5: What is the spectrum of a signal? What is the relationship between the spectrum of a signal and the bandwidth of a channel? (Use the textbook; you\'ll likely get a wrong answer from a web search!) Part 6: Name and briefly describe the three characteristics of a sine wave signal that can be modulated to allow the signal to carry information. Part 7: Explain how frequency division multiplexing can be used to carry two or more independent information streams on one communication medium. Part 8: A modern CPU has a bit that can place the CPU in the system state or the application state. Briefly describe the difference between \"system state\" and \"application state.\" Part 9: What does it mean to \"mount\" or \"unmount\" a storage device? Explain why unmounting a device is necessary in the Windows operating system. Part 10: Explain what it means to bootstrap a computer. In your answer, describe the steps executed by the hardware and software in bootstrapping a computer that is initially turned off. Solution Part 1: Due to much lower attenuation and interference, provides long distance, Fiber optic signals are stronger.These are much thinner and lighter than metal wires.Data can be transmitted digitally.It has less susceptible to interference. Part 2: An amplifier can not discriminate between the intended signal and noise,it amplifies equally everything fed into it.A repeater does not amplify the signal.It regenerates the signal.When it receives a weakened or corrupted signal,it creates a copy,bit for bit at the original strength. A repeater is a regenerator. Using the large number of amplifiers over a long, lossy link inevitablyincreases the noise and decreases the signal to noise levels.A repeater is usually a receiver followed by a regenerating logic and transmitter.In this case regeneration receives the digital signals and retimes it to remove jitter and then retransmits it with minimal baseband noise. Part 4: Graphical User Interface uses graphics along with a keyboard and mouse,to provide an easy to use interface to a program.It provides windows,pulldown menus,buttons,scrollbars,iconic images,wizards and other icons and the mouse to enable the users to interact with the operating system. users easy to control,manipulate and toggle through multiple programs and fo.

Part 1 Many phone companies are replacing the wire in their phone s.pdf

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Mary is an excellent waitress. In the restaurant, she can easily handle 8 tables at a time without getting overloaded/overworked. During a normal day the restaurant has an an average of 4 tables to serve at a time. What is the probability Mary will be overworked in a given day? (Hint: Find the probability there are more than 8 tables occupied) Solution This is a Poisson distribution with random variable X= no of tables Mary handles at a time having a Poisson distribution with mena value = 4 P(X>8) = 0.0214 Prob for Mary overworking is 0.0214.

Mary is an excellent waitress. In the restaurant, she can easily hand.pdf

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List three characteristics that influence the rate of simple diffusion of small molecules. Solution Answer= Three characteristics that influence the rate of simple diffusion of small molecules 1] Particle size = Rate of diffusion is inversaly proportional to particle size Since the heat of environment is the energy source for diffusion the smaller particles moves at a faster rate than larger paricles at a given temperature 2] temperature = Rate of diffusion is directly proportional to temperature As temperature increses rate of diffusion also increases At high temp. particles move faster because more energy is available to diffuse them 3] Concentration difference = rate of increses as conc. difference increases The substance diffusing between 2 areas exibits a conc. diffference as the particle diffuse from one side of the wall to other side 4] particle distance = rate of diffusion is directly proportional to particle distance it takes longer for a particle to diffuse when it is further away than it does for a particle that is closer to the point of diffusion.

List three characteristics that influence the rate of simple diffusi.pdf

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It\'s all worked out, but I\'m still very confused by the steps they took to get each part. Like why multiply everything by (x^2 + 9) and then in the next step, how did they end up with those answers? I\'m just very confused. Solution they just multiplide (x^2 + 9) for simpification LIKE EXAMPLE eq 2+3=5 if we multify both sides with 2 (2+3)2=5*2 10=10 equality not changed ,,,like we use this in mathematics after solving eq they got X parameters and they cheked in original eq.

Its all worked out, but Im still very confused by the steps .pdf

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Is the world overpopulated? What are the arguments for the notion that the world is overpopulated? What are some alternative approaches to this topic? Solution The human popualtion has been growing ever since the evolution of mankind. Overpopulation is a condition when the population exceeds the carrying capacity of the environment. There is continuous increase in the birth rate and a significant decrease in the mortality rate. This results in increase in population at an alarming rate. The population of the world is predicted to keep on rising 2050. The sources and resources are being exhausted. This would lead to environment\'s inability to support life, reduced quality of life..

Is the world overpopulated What are the arguments for the notion th.pdf

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In the ellipse shown below, each point marked with a dot is called a(.pdf

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Identify the following: Level of caudal end of subarachnoid space Epidural, subarachnoid spaces Level of caudal end of spinal cord Solution Answer:- Level of caudal end of Subarachnoid space is lower border S-2 Vertebra. Epidural- Basically epidural space is define as the outermost part of the spinal canal.it is also called as the epidural cavity. this space lying outside th edura meter. Dura meter enclsoed by the subarachnoid space. it contains a lumphatics spinal nerve roots and network of internal vertebral venous plexuses.level is L1 & L2. Level of caudal end of spinal cord. - The Spinal cord can be defined as the long , thin tubular bundles of nervous tissue and it supports cells and it run in vertebral column. the caudal end of spianl cord is generaly cone shaped it is also called as the conus medullaris. and its ends at S2 level..

Identify the following Level of caudal end of subarachnoid space E.pdf

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2. When did we establish four time zones in the US? And why? Solution Four standard time zones for the continental United States were introduced on November 18, 1883. American railroads maintained many different time zones during the late 1800s. It is so difficulty to find the time schedules of the trains. Because, every city in the United States used a different time standard so there were more than 300 local sun times to choose from. Operators of the new railroad lines needed a new time plan that would offer a uniform train schedule for departures and arrivals. Four standard time zones for the continental United States were introduced on November 18, 1883..

2. When did we establish four time zones in the US And whySolu.pdf

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How is a vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE similar or dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION?: How is a vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE similar or dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION?: Solution vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE is dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION: The natural immune system is the ability to recognize viruses as ‘foreign’. Viral proteins and nucleic acids are distinguished from cellular counterparts by cellular proteins called pattern recognition receptors (illustrated). These are proteins present either in the cell cytoplasm or on cellular membranes, where they detect viral components. The presence of cytokines in the blood is typically one of the earliest indications that the host has been infected with a virus. In many viral infections, the early action of cytokines produced by infected cells and dendritic cells is sufficient to eliminate the pathogen. If innate defenses are overwhelmed and virus replication continues unabated, then the second-line defenses are mobilized to ensure host survival. These comprise the adaptive immune response – antibodies and immune cells. Days to weeks are required to mount an adaptive immune response that is specifically tailored to the infecting virus. Whereas in a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE: Inactivated vaccines are further classified depending on the method used to inactivate the virus.Whole virus vaccines use the entire virus particle, fully destroyed using heat, chemicals,or radiation.Split virus vaccines are produced by using a detergent to disrupt the virus. Subunit vaccines are produced by purifying out the antigens that best stimulate the immune system to mount a response to the virus, while removing other components necessary for the virus to replicate or survive or that can cause adverse reactions..

How is a vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE similar or dissimil.pdf

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How do you explain Kenny\'s acceptance by so many other people and the respect they have for him? Can all supervisors operate the way Kenny does and be effective? Explain your answer. Given Kenny\'s effectiveness in his present job, would you recommend promoting him into high levels of management? Explain. Review the characteristics of transformational leadership, adaptive leadership, and servant leadership. Which characteristics apply to Kenny? Solution 1. Kenny\'s acceptance by people is based on the leadership approach taken by him. He listens to the problems of the crews, had a wide knowledge about the work and in actuality he praticed what he preached. He never treated the people infairly and was just with them This helped Kenny in winning the confidence of the people. He was not autocratic and allowed people to work on their own pace. He got result by givin each employee his own space. 2. It is defficult for all the people to operate in the same way as Keeny behaved, as different people have different personality traits, but people can still learn to behave as Kenny behaved and be affective at the work place. 3. Kenny was highly effective in his present role as he completely transformed an underperforming team into a high performing team. The team which he was currently supervising were lowest in terms of production a year ago and after one year, they were the most productive team. Yes, Kenny should be recommended for promotion as in that case Kenny would not be limited in terms of providing leadership skills. Kenny has a proven track record in terms of providing effective leadership and would be an asset at higher levels as it would ive him more responsibilities, wherein he would be able to exercise his leadership skills at broader level. At the same time good leadership skills at the higher level would eventually result in higher production at the lower level as the morale of the people wuld be higher..

How do you explain Kennys acceptance by so many other people and t.pdf

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Find the maximum number of zeros that the following polynomial functi.pdf

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find all homomorphic images of the octic group D4 Solution Suppose f:D4 -> G is a homomorphism. ker(f) is a normal subgroup of D4, and from the first isomorphism theorem, D4/ker(f) = f(D4). That is, the homomorphic images are just the quotient groups (in general). We use the presentation D4 = (\' denoting the inverse). Through a tedious but standard calculation, the normal subgroups of D4 are {1}, , , , , and D4 itself. D4/{1} is of course just D4. here has order 2, so D4/ has order 4, and is thus either the Klein 4-group (Viergruppe) or the cyclic group of order 4. Taking a quotient cannot increase the order of an element, and only r and r\' have order 4 in D4, yet their homomorphic images have order 2 since r2 and (r\')2 are both in . D4/ must then be the Viergruppe. The remaining proper normal subgroups all have order 4, so the quotient has order 8/4 = 2, and hence must be the cyclic group of order 2. D4/D4 = 1 obviously. An explicit homomorphism giving each of these images is the natural projection map induced by a given normal subgroup..

find all homomorphic images of the octic group D4SolutionSuppo.pdf

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Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that allows solutes to move across the plasma membrane of a cell. Which statements describe facilitated diffusion? Solutes move down their concentration gradient directly through the plasma membrane without the use of energy. Solutes move across the membrane down their concentration gradient through specialized membrane proteins. Small, charged molecules and ions move down their concentration gradient into a cell through proteins in the plasma membrane. Membrane proteins use energy to move solutes across the membrane against their concentration gradient. Small, unchanged molecules move down their concentrating gradient out of a cell directly through the plasma membrane. Solution FACILIATED DIFFUSION:SMALL,CHARGED MOLECULES AND IONS MOVE DOWN THEIR CONCENTRATION GRADIENT IN A CELL THROUGH PROTEINS IN THE PLASMA MEMBRANE....

Facilitated diffusion is a type of passive transport that allows solu.pdf

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During WWII, starting in 1944, american bombers flew over Germany and bombed the industrial sites. Planes would come back, and some of them had been shot at. Some had holes in the wings but most had holes in the fuselage. The head of the Air Force ordered that the armor of the planes be reinforced. What part of the planes should be reinforced? Solution The fuselage armor should be reinforced because most planes had holes in the fuselage..

During WWII, starting in 1944, american bombers flew over Germany an.pdf

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