How is a vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE similar or dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION?: How is a vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE similar or dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION?: Solution vaccination to a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE is dissimilar to the natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION natural immune response to a VIRAL INFECTION: The natural immune system is the ability to recognize viruses as ‘foreign’. Viral proteins and nucleic acids are distinguished from cellular counterparts by cellular proteins called pattern recognition receptors (illustrated). These are proteins present either in the cell cytoplasm or on cellular membranes, where they detect viral components. The presence of cytokines in the blood is typically one of the earliest indications that the host has been infected with a virus. In many viral infections, the early action of cytokines produced by infected cells and dendritic cells is sufficient to eliminate the pathogen. If innate defenses are overwhelmed and virus replication continues unabated, then the second-line defenses are mobilized to ensure host survival. These comprise the adaptive immune response – antibodies and immune cells. Days to weeks are required to mount an adaptive immune response that is specifically tailored to the infecting virus. Whereas in a KILLED VIRAL VACCINE: Inactivated vaccines are further classified depending on the method used to inactivate the virus.Whole virus vaccines use the entire virus particle, fully destroyed using heat, chemicals,or radiation.Split virus vaccines are produced by using a detergent to disrupt the virus. Subunit vaccines are produced by purifying out the antigens that best stimulate the immune system to mount a response to the virus, while removing other components necessary for the virus to replicate or survive or that can cause adverse reactions..