beneficial for new tudent

1. Patrimonial Politics in Pakistan: An
Emerging Threat to Democracy
&Good Governance
Farzana Zaheer Syed
Roll#06
1st Semester PhD Pol.Science

2. .
Definition
Patrimonial -ism is a form of governance in which all
power flows directly from the leader. This constitutes
essentially the blending of the public and private
sector.
These regimes are autocratic or oligarchic and exclude
the upper and middle classes from power.
The leaders of these countries typically enjoy absolute
personal power. Usually, the armies of these countries
are loyal to the leader, not the nation

3. Various definitions
• Max Weber
• He wrote of Patrimonial-ism as a form of traditional
supremacy. Primarily it was centered on family structures,
particularly on the authority of fathers within families, in
other words patriarchy. But patriarchy only describes the
earlier, smaller form. For Weber, patrimonial monarchies
and similar forms of government were projections of
patriarchy (the rule of the father within the family) on to a
broader set of social relationships.
• .

4. There are two main forms of patrimonialism in Weber's analysis of
traditional authority (domination).
One form is characterized by a top down structure where the emperor or
sultan rules on the basis of his own legitimate authority through traditional
bureaucratic officials. In principle the Roman Catholic Church is
patrimonial in this traditional sense, with the Pope the Patrimonial Ruler
Public
Bureaucratic Officials
Ruler

5. The other form of patrimonialism is still top down but it approaches the
Ideal Type of Western European Feudalism, with a basis for legitimate
authority outside of the central ruler's authority.
In 12th century France or England, for example, it could have consisted
of the knightly aristocracy. This feudal form of patrimonialism eventually
evolved into Constitutional Monarchy. The U.S. Senate is vestiges of the
House of Lords in England. The Lords were literally the peers of the
kingdom.
Weber's argument was that with modernity, traditional bureaucratic
patrimonial forms of government eventually gave way to modern
capitalist bureaucratic rationalism as the main principle of both
government and governance.

6. Nathan Quimpo
He defines patrimonialism as
"a type of rule in which the ruler does not distinguish
between personal and public patrimony and treats
matters and resources of state as his personal affair."

7. Richard Pipes
Professor Emeritus of Russian history at Harvard University defines
patrimonial as
"a regime where the rights of sovereignty and those of
ownership blend to the point of being
indistinguishable
and
political power is exercised in the same manner as
economic power “

8. Francis Fukuyama
Francis Fukuyama, a political scientist at Stanford, use
this concept in his book The Origins of Political Order,
2011.
He illustrates it as political recruitment based on the
two principles of
1. Kin selection
2. Reciprocal/Shared patronage

9. Introduction
• Patrimonialism, neo‐patrimonialism, patronage politics,
clientelism and rent seeking are terms used in literature to
1. describe post‐colonial elite’s mismanagement of their
inherited polities through indulgence in corrupt and
predatory practices. Such patrimonial indulgence is
credited with generating economic mismanagement,
political instability
and
political elite’s mishandling of governance in their
respective systems through patrimonial and corrupt
practices

10. Patrimonial System
A "patrimonial system" is defined as any form of political domination or
authority based on personal and bureaucratic power exercised by a royal
household. Patrimonialism is a relatively broad term, not referring to any
particular type of political system. The key elements are that
• Power is formally arbitrary.
• Administration is under direct control of the ruler. This means it involves the
employment of retainers or slaves, private army and recruits, who
themselves acquire no independent basis of power, that is, are not members
of traditional landed aristocracy.

11. Limitations of Patrimonialism
• According to Weber, it was inherently unstable, tending to be subject to
political disorder, which arose from the emergence of competitor centers of
power. Since historically patrimonial systems were usually replaced by
further patrimonial systems, their existence is seen as a hurdle to any
sustained economic and social transformation.

12. Patrimonial system
Patrimonial Feudal
Authority Patrons &Clients Lord’s
Staff kinsmen dependents,
clients, loyalists
Slaves
Decentralization essentially included in
bureaucracy ,
centralized
superseded
not integrated
decentralized pragmatic
power
Inheritance of Land land divided, looses power Land concentrated
Religion man's adjustment to
community order
According to the world

13. Traditional forms of patrimonial systems
Chief One Leader
Gerontocracy(A type of
society where government
based on the rules of elders)
Rule by a group of elders
authority is exercised by a particular individual who is
designated by a definite rule of inheritance exercise
of power is a private prerogative no real
administrative staff
involves personal administrative staff, some
constraints by tradition
Patrimonial lack of trained administrators, kinship
corruption economic regulation
Sultanism Absolute authority is maximized, for self interest, use
of force to remove all constraints

14. Patrimonial Politics Around the world
Examples
• Patrimonial Politics in USA (Kennedy family ,Bush Senior and his son
Bush Junior)
• Patrimonial Politics in UK (House of Lords is an example, Churchill,
Winston ,Long & Morris Families)
• Patrimonial Politics in France(Mitran,Surckozy& Jain Surkozy
• Patrimonial Politics in Malaysia (Mahathir Muhammad and his two sons)
• Patrimonial Politics in India (Nehru family, Indira Gandhi,
Rajeev,Sonia,Parianka, Rahool,Sheikh Abdullah,Omer Abdullah in Kashmir)
• Patrimonial Politics in Bangladesh (Haseena Wajid,Khalida Zia)
• Patrimonial Politics in Sri Lanka ( Bandaranaike)
• Patrimonial Politics in Sri Lanka (Koirala)
• Patrimonial Politics in Pakistan (Bhutto Family,Nawaz sharief,Wali
Khan,Farooq Laghari,Ayub khan,Mazari Family,Shah Mahmood
Qureshi,Yousaf Raza Gillani,Ch.Pervaiz Elahi etc)

15. Characteristics of Good Governance
&Democracy
• Public involvement
• Conformity to law
• Transparency
• Receptiveness (Openness)
• Harmony among diverse and conflicting interests
• Impartiality guaranteed to all individuals
• Effectual, well-organized, conscientious and
responsible public institutions and the statecraft
• Strategic exposure of the leaders towards wide range
long-standing perceptions on sustainable human
growth

16. Patrimonial Politics in Pakistan
issues of Good Governance and Democracy
• Leadership crises
• Political dead lock
• Political participation
• Political development
• Political culture
• Corruption &Bribery
• Rule of law
• Transparency
• Responsiveness
• Consensus orientation

17. A Comparative Overview
Patrimonial System VS.
• There is an unspoken hierarchy,
with little specialization or
specification of output and
uncertain reporting channels
• Important orders may be given
orally
• The public and private realm are
blurred
Democratic System/Good Governance
• Reporting channels are certain
• All in black and white
• All public and private matters are
cleared and specified

18. Patrimonial Politics VS. Democratic System/Good
Governance
• Administrators supplement their
salary with bribes and kickbacks
• System is decentralized allowing
wide for kinship only
• discretion on the job
• Administrators’ actions are
illogical based on prejudiced
reasoning, and follow ad hoc
procedures
• Administrators work under the
specifies job terms and
conditions. No corruption is
allowed.
• System is decentralized with
specified rules
• Discretion on job for the
appointment of capable persons
• Administrators work under
specified rules and answerable to
their responsibilities

19. Patrimonial System vs. Democratic System/GG
• Rules are applied with partiality
and some citizens get preferential
treatment
• Verbal agreements are used in
government procurements
• Internal controls are neglectful
• Documentation is patterned with
sensitive matters left off the
books
• All equally treated no preferences
• Or rule of law not personal liking
and disliking
• Strictly follow the rules ,all in
written forms
• Internal and external controls are
carefully checked
• All sensitive matters are deal with
carefully and according to the
specified procedures with full
record

20. How to overcome the PP threat to Democracy & GG?
• Intra Party Fair Elections ……..Under election commission or
strict laws
• Development of Political culture………..democratic values,
• Participation of all in politics…….Involvement of common man
in politics
• Political Trainings of Common Man…..Local bodies
government systems
• Bar on Family Politics……bar on Kinship
• Legal Bars……..Constitutionally or legally
• Promotion of Institutionalism not
Personality……..strengthening institutions not worship of
political figures

21. Thank You