Le gouvernement Bolsonaro a pour objectif de faire en sorte que le Brésil se soumette totalement aux États-Unis sur la scène internationale en rompant avec la tradition de sa politique étrangère, reconnue dans le monde entier pour avoir guidé ses actions par des principes auxquels il n'a jamais renoncé, tels que non-intervention, autodétermination des peuples et règlement pacifique des différends. La politique étrangère brésilienne du gouvernement Bolsonaro se dirige vers un alignement encore plus grand avec les intérêts américains en matière de politique étrangère, laissant de côté les initiatives d'insertion autonome dans un monde multipolaire dans lequel le Brésil aurait une marge de négociation beaucoup plus grande.

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SUBALTERNAL BRAZIL: THE END OF NATIONAL SOBERANIA WITH
THE BOLSONARO GOVERNMENT
Fernando Alcoforado*
The maintenance of the sovereignty of Brazil is directly linked to the state power in
imposing its supremacy within the national territory. The principle of sovereignty is one
of the foundations of international law, whereby, for example, a State cannot be subject
to jurisdiction other than its own. At the external level, national sovereignty is translated
into equality between States, and there is no need to speak of subordination or
subservience on the international stage, and fair conditions must be ensured in the legal
affairs entered into, whether in the economic, social or political field. The sovereignty in
Brazil concentrates on the authority of its government that does not allow that within
the national territory there is a power superior to his. In the contemporary era, the
decline of Brazil as a sovereign country is shaped by the loss of its capacity to constitute
a territorially confined national economy and to have it under its control.
Brazil is not a sovereign country because foreign subsidiaries control 82% of the
science-based industry sector; 73% of the differentiated, and 68% of the continuous
production. The dependence of Brazilian industry is not only of capital, but also foreign
technology. Brazil occupies the 43rd place in the world ranking of UN technology,
which directly affects the industrial performance of the country. Brazil is not a
sovereign country because the denationalization of the Brazilian economy is evidenced
when it is observed that of the 50 largest Brazilian companies, 26 are foreign. More than
half of Brazilian companies in high-end sectors such as automotive, aeronautics,
electronics, IT, pharmaceuticals, telecommunications, agribusiness and mining are in
the hands of foreign capital. Foreign capital is present in 17,605 Brazilian companies
that account for 63% of Gross Domestic Product (GDP), and controls 36% of the
banking sector where it owns 25% of Bradesco shares and 20% of Banco do Brasil
shares. Foreign capital owns more than 30% of land in the country to produce sugar
cane, livestock and soybeans. Only in the sugar - alcohol sector, the multinationals own
33% of all the lands and mills [FALCÃO. Lula. Crescimento capitalista aumenta
submissão do Brasil ao capital estrangeiro (Capitalist growth increases Brazil's
submission to foreign capital). Disponível no website
<http://averdade.org.br/2012/02/crescimento-capitalista-aumenta-submissao-do-brasil-
ao-capital-estrangeiro/>, 2012].
En plus de ne pas exercer le statut de pays souverain, le Brésil a eu au cours de son
histoire des dirigeants qui ont attaqué la souveraineté nationale en adoptant des
politiques contraires à ses intérêts, à l'exception des gouvernements de Getúlio Vargas,
João Goulart et Ernesto Geisel. Le gouvernement Bolsonaro a pour objectif de faire en
sorte que le Brésil se soumette totalement aux États-Unis sur la scène internationale en
rompant avec la tradition de sa politique étrangère, reconnue dans le monde entier pour
avoir guidé ses actions par des principes auxquels il n'a jamais renoncé, tels que non-
intervention, autodétermination des peuples et règlement pacifique des différends. La
politique étrangère brésilienne du gouvernement Bolsonaro se dirige vers un alignement
encore plus grand avec les intérêts américains en matière de politique étrangère, laissant
de côté les initiatives d'insertion autonome dans un monde multipolaire dans lequel le
Brésil aurait une marge de négociation beaucoup plus grande.
Brazil's subaltern alignment with US interests is manifested in the position of the
Bolsonaro government that admitted the possibility of installing a US military base in

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Brazil that was consummated with the delivery of the Alcântara Base, the transfer of the
Brazilian embassy in Israel from Tel Aviv to Jerusalem, the de-nationalization of
Embraer with its sale to Boeing, and the nomination of Eduardo Bolsonaro, an avowed
adept of Donald Trump, as Brazil's ambassador to the United States. How to justify the
installation of a US military base in Brazil other than the submission of the Bolsonaro
government to the United States? How to justify alignment with Israel and the
relocation of the Tel Aviv embassy to Jerusalem, putting at risk our export of Halal
meat - considered to be the world's largest producer and exporter of beef, the world's
second largest producer and exporter of chicken and leader in Halal beef sales - for the
Arab countries, other than the submission the submission of the Bolsonaro government
to the United States? How to justify the denationalization of one of the largest national
companies with a high degree of technology such as Embraer other than the submission
of the Bolsonaro government to the United States? How to justify his son Eduardo
Bolsonaro as ambassador of Brazil in Washington, other than the submission of the
Bolsonaro government to the United States?
The Bolsonaro government attacks national sovereignty by making a gigantic oil
auction in the Pre-Salt area by making the greatest delivery of national wealth of
history. Recently, one of the largest auctions of national wealth has been held. The
fields of Aram, Southeast of Lula, South and Southwest of Jupiter and Boomerang were
all auctioned, all adjacent to the rich fields already auctioned of Lula and Jupiter. There
are no official estimates, but at least 10 billion barrels of pre-salt oil are expected to fall
into foreign hands. For the current oil price the recent auction means a delivery of a
value that could reach US$ 1.5 trillion. This first auction of the Bolsonaro government
is only preparatory to the delivery of the "Crown Jewel" with the surplus area of the
"onerous assignment" that will go to auction soon, whose oil volume is about 11 billion
barrels, which some estimates up to 30 billion barrels in these giant fields. It is a fortune
that will be given on a platter to Shell, Total, Repsol, and other foreign companies.
When the onerous assignment is the auction, the fields of Búzios, Itaipu, Atapu and
Sepia will be delivered. Petrobras will be left out, and will be a minority shareholder of
the foreign company that will snatch most of it.
Since the Temer government foreign participation in the sack of national wealth has
increased exponentially, with privatizations of oil fields belonging to Petrobras and with
new auctions that, in two years, the foreign production went from 7% to 23%. With the
new auctions to be held by the Bolsonaro government, most of the national production
will soon be foreign, demonstrating the entreguista character of its government that is at
the service of the god Market, of Wall Street, of the Consensus of Washington and
against the Brazilian people. And, more than that, it is conniving with the continued
actions of the American empire and multinational corporations to dominate Brazil. The
Bolsonaro government is carrying out the dismantling of Petrobras with the
privatization of its refineries and subsidiaries of distribution and transportation, to
privatize Petrobras at the end of the process, besides being willing to deliver Brazil and
its wealth to international investors, in short, public assets with the privatization of
Eletrobras, Banco do Brasil, Caixa Econômica Federal, BNDES, hydroelectric plants,
etc., whose sole objective is unlimited profit. Captain Bolsonaro does not seem to have
assimilated the patriotic teachings he received in the Army.
The Bolsonaro government intends to privatize all the public assets and, consequently,
to foreign capital. Privatization implies, in fact, what is commonly called
"denationalization", where controlling acquirers are almost always (if not always!)

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Foreign companies or consortia, often state-owned companies from other countries
whose profits are remitted to their outside. The use of the term "privatization" is a way
of hiding its true purpose, which is to hand over the nation's assets to foreign capital. It
might be imagined that privatizations would benefit nationally-owned companies, but
this is not the case because the weak national companies do not have the financial
capacity to acquire state-owned enterprises located in strategic sectors such as oil,
electricity and infrastructure. If everything moves in this direction there will be little left
in Brazil economic sectors belonging to Brazilians.
In order to defend national sovereignty, it urges the position of the patriots who are
members of the Parliament and of the Judiciary, Civil Society organizations and the
Armed Forces to jointly bar the Bolsonaro anti-patriotic acts prejudicial to Brazil's
interests.

Fernando Alcoforado, 79, awarded the medal of Engineering Merit of the CONFEA / CREA System,
member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor in Territorial Planning and Regional
Development by the University of Barcelona, university professor and consultant in the areas of
strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is author of the
books Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova (Des)ordem
Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2000),
Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado. Universidade de
Barcelona,http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e Desenvolvimento
(Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX e Objetivos
Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of the
Economic and Social Development- The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Müller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável-
Para o progresso do Brasil e combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do
Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011), Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social
(Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012), Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática
Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2015), As Grandes Revoluções Científicas,
Econômicas e Sociais que Mudaram o Mundo (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2016), A Invenção de um novo
Brasil (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2017), Esquerda x Direita e a sua convergência (Associação Baiana de
Imprensa, Salvador, 2018, em co-autoria) and Como inventar o futuro para mudar o mundo (Editora
CRV, Curitiba, 2019).