The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has the support of the vast majority of the population and its different social classes, in addition to having parliamentary majority to implement its policies. To have governance, the government must meet the demands of different social classes to get the support of civil society and should have the support of political parties in Parliament for the approval of their legislative proposals. In short, governance relates to government policy capacity to decide, enabling the execution of public policies. Dilma Rousseff does not meet any of these conditions to govern the Brazilian nation.

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DILMA ROUSSEFF GOVERNMENT IS FACTOR OF POLITICAL AND
INSTITUTIONAL INSTABILITY OF BRAZIL
Fernando Alcoforado *
The governability of a country is only achieved when the government has the support of
the vast majority of the population and its different social classes, in addition to having
parliamentary majority to implement its policies. To have governance, the government
must meet the demands of different social classes to get the support of civil society and
should have the support of political parties in Parliament for the approval of their
legislative proposals. In short, governance relates to government policy capacity to
decide, enabling the execution of public policies. Dilma Rousseff does not meet any of
these conditions to govern the Brazilian nation.
According to Antonio Gramsci, an Italian philosopher, the capitalist state like Brazil
does not only present as a political-military apparatus by which the ruling class (the
bourgeoisie) organize coercion over other social classes. To ensure good governance, as
well as having the monopoly of repression and violence, the state must win the support
of the ruling classes and also of the lower social classes through persuasion, winning the
consent of the dominated [Gramsci Antonio. Escritos Políticos (Political Writings). Rio
de Janeiro: Civilização Brasileira, 2004]. Dilma Rousseff is gradually losing the support
of the ruling classes and also of the lower social classes.
We must make it clear that, at the current stage of development of capitalism in Brazil,
governance is only ensured if its rulers ensure the continuity of the process of capitalist
accumulation for the benefit of national and international bourgeoisie and there is
growing redistribution of income in favor of subaltern classes (petty bourgeoisie, urban
and rural proletariat and lumpenproletariat). It is worth noting that the gains or profits
earned by national and international bourgeoisie and the welfare level enjoyed by the
population of a country determine the existing governance index at any given time.
Therefore, in order to govern, every government should seek to ensure the gains of the
capitalists and the improvement of material well-being of the population. And to
improve it, the government needs to promote economic development to facilitate the
accumulation of capital and generate employment and income for the population.
The economic stagnation that hit Brazil and compromise capitalists' profits, raise
unemployment and adversely affect the distribution of income, is reducing state
revenues that is already demanding cuts in the government budget and tax increases.
Most likely, no domestic and foreign investor would invest in Brazil with a stagnant
economy at the moment with a government under siege by its population as of Dilma
Rousseff. Brazil lost today (9/9/2014) a credit note downgraded by Standard & Poor's
(S & P) which causes the country to lose good paying status. The stagnation of the
Brazilian economy makes also occur government revenues fall at all levels implying no
public resources for quantity sufficient to invest in economic and social infrastructure
and to keep the social programs of income transfer as the "Bolsa Familia".
For these reasons, the ungovernability, which is the disorder domain, is inevitable in
Dilma Rousseff government because she will not have political and administrative
conditions to ensure the continuity of the process of capitalist accumulation and
redistribution of income in favor of the lower classes, especially from 2016 when the
economic crisis, political and social expected to reach its peak. The ungovernability
tends to generate political and institutional instability with unpredictable consequences

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because it has a ruler who has the support of only 7% of the population. It is because of
all this that Dilma Roussef constitutes institutional political instability factor because
without the nation's most support she lost the condition of governing the nation. Dilma
Roussef became a copy of Nicolas Maduro as president of Venezuela facing serious
governance issues in their deeply divided country.
It should be noted that the governability of a country by a ruling not only depend on the
legitimacy gained from the victory in the presidential elections, but fundamentally the
active support of the vast majority of the nation. Dilma Rousseff is facing opposition
from broad sectors of the population who admit even the return of military rule in the
country. The Dilma Rousseff government is facing immense difficulties to govern
Brazil because it lost the support of even the lumpenproletariat, also called the
"common people" social base of the PT governments, and urban and rural proletariat
and has the opposition of the bourgeoisie and broad layers of the petty bourgeoisie.
It is indisputable that the serious problems faced by Brazil at the moment in the
economic and political levels are demanding a ruler who has the ability to unite the
nation around a common project of national development. Unfortunately, there is in
Brazil in the political sphere anyone who meets this capability. The nation is waiting for
a leader who has the stature as statesman like was Vargas who promoted the
construction of modern Brazil with the process of industrialization after the global
economic crisis of 1929 and the Revolution of 1930. The serious crisis currently
experienced by Brazil It is demanding a true statesman in the nation's command to
restructure the national life on a new basis in the economic, political and social plans.
The current economic slowdown associated with the widespread increase in prices is
catastrophic for the vast majority of the population because, besides increasing
unemployment, reduce your purchasing power. The crisis which led to
deindustrialization in Brazil for many years, should also extend to trade and
agribusiness. It would be formed in this way, the culture broth to the increase of social
stresses in Brazil. The catastrophic economic situation tends to lead Brazil to social
chaos. To address the current crisis, a government committed to the interests of the
Brazilian people should present a consistent economic program that had credibility and
provoked a reversal in the wave of pessimistic expectations that has affected workers
and employers across the board.
Before the deep economic crisis that leads to Brazil's economy into stagflation, of the
politics and managerial incapacity of the federal government to manage the destiny of
the nation and the widespread corruption that dominates the country, is being put on the
agenda the possibility of impeachment of Dilma Rousseff of the Presidency of
Republic. There are three major threats to the permanence of Dilma Rousseff in power:
1) the growing worsening of the economic crisis; 2) their relationship deteriorated to the
National Congress, especially with leaders of the PMDB (Brazilian Democratic
Movement Party); 3) 93% of the population of revulsion against the government; 4) the
judgment by the TCU (Court Union Accounts) of the acts that constitute the crime of
tax responsibility of Dilma Rousseff government; and, 5) the trial by the TSE of the
presidential campaign of the PT by the use of funds derived from corruption at
Petrobras. The future of Brazil depends on the presence or not of Dilma Rousseff in
power. If Rousseff remain in the presidency and the country becoming ungovernable,
there may be the return of the military to power to maintain order and if his dismissal
could open the possibility of reversal of the current critical situation.

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*Fernando Alcoforado, member of the Bahia Academy of Education, engineer and doctor of Territorial
Planning and Regional Development from the University of Barcelona, a university professor and
consultant in strategic planning, business planning, regional planning and planning of energy systems, is
the author of Globalização (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1997), De Collor a FHC- O Brasil e a Nova
(Des)ordem Mundial (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 1998), Um Projeto para o Brasil (Editora Nobel, São
Paulo, 2000), Os condicionantes do desenvolvimento do Estado da Bahia (Tese de doutorado.
Universidade de Barcelona, http://www.tesisenred.net/handle/10803/1944, 2003), Globalização e
Desenvolvimento (Editora Nobel, São Paulo, 2006), Bahia- Desenvolvimento do Século XVI ao Século XX
e Objetivos Estratégicos na Era Contemporânea (EGBA, Salvador, 2008), The Necessary Conditions of
the Economic and Social Development-The Case of the State of Bahia (VDM Verlag Dr. Muller
Aktiengesellschaft & Co. KG, Saarbrücken, Germany, 2010), Aquecimento Global e Catástrofe
Planetária (P&A Gráfica e Editora, Salvador, 2010), Amazônia Sustentável- Para o progresso do Brasil e
combate ao aquecimento global (Viena- Editora e Gráfica, Santa Cruz do Rio Pardo, São Paulo, 2011),
Os Fatores Condicionantes do Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social (Editora CRV, Curitiba, 2012) and
Energia no Mundo e no Brasil- Energia e Mudança Climática Catastrófica no Século XXI (Editora CRV,
Curitiba, 2015).