Role of genetics in molecular biology

1. Role Of Genetics
Genetics
GENETICS
~ Genetics (from Ancient Greek genetikos,
"genitive" and that from genesis, "origin")
~ “ A discipline of biology, is the science of
genes, heredity, and variation in living
organisms ”
~ Study of genes & studies what genes are
and how they work

2. • Science of genetics began in the mid-19th century With applied and theoretical work of
Gregor Mendel
• Augustinian friar Gregor Johann Mendel
•Work on pea plants
•Published in 1866
•Known as Mendelian Inheritance
History
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under CC BY-NC

3. • Hugo de Vries, Carl Correns & Erich
von
Tschermak
•In 1900 marked the
"rediscovery of Mendel"
• Basic principles of Mendelian genetics
applied
•By 1915
•Fruit fly “Drosophila
melanogaster”
History

4. • T h o m a s H u n t M o r g a n & h i s f e l l o w
" d r o s o p h i l i s t s ”
• D e v e l o p e d t h e M e n d e l i a n m o d e l
• W i d e l y a c c e p t e d b y 1 9 2 5
• I n t h e 1 9 4 0 s & e a r l y 1 9 5 0 s
• E x p e r i m e n t s p o i n t e d D N A a s p o r t i o n o f
c h r o m o s o m e s
• D i s c o v e r y o f t h e d o u b l e h e l i c a l s t r u c t u r e o f D N A
i n 1 9 5 3
History

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6. History of genetics
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7. BRANCHES IMPORTANCE
Inportance
• Three major branches of
genetics
•Classical genetics
•Molecular genetics
•Population genetics
• Genetics deals with:
Molecular structure &
function of genes ,Gene behavior in
context of a cell or organism,
Patterns of inheritance & gene
distribution and Variation and change
in populations
Applied to the study of all
living systems : Viruses, Bacteria,
Plants, Domestic animals and Humans

8. Benefits and Applications
• R elationship to s ociety
•Prevention of genetic disease •Genetically modifying organisms e.g. bt-cotton and bt-corn
•Genetic counseling •Developing molecular medicine
• A PPLICATION I N D IFFERENT F I ELDS
•Medicines •Industries
•Agriculture •Livestock
•For humans •For Environment
• Genetic e ngineering
• Manipulation of organisms using biotechnology
• Depends upon
1. Genes 2. Crop species
3. Recourses 4. Regulatory approval

9. Genetic Engineering
• Genetic engineering completes in 5 steps
1. DNA isolation
2. Cloning
3. Transformation
4. Cell and tissue culture
5. Plant breeding