Work Space Planning Part of the Organizing function of management Work Space PlanningOrganizing and managing spaceIncludes arranging work space so that procedures can be accomplished efficientlyCreating a comfortable and productive work area Things to consider:Work flowTraffic patternsFunctions performed in the work spaceNeed for confidentialityShift workers sharing work spaceFlexibility for the futurePersonal needsSafety needsSocial needsEsthetics Work FlowThe most important consideration in planning an office layoutWell designed work flow is critical to achieving optimal efficiency and productivityConsiderationsSmooth transition from one task to anotherLittle duplication of effort Traffic PatternsConsider both employees and visitorsLocation of entrancesLook at teams and work groupsEmployees should be close to the equipment and materials that they use most oftenEmployees who work together should be in close proximity to one another for ease in communicationSupervisors close to the staff they supervise Traffic PatternsTrip Frequency ChartLook at employees who move around often and have to leave the areaIf the chart shows much movement between two groups, those employees should be located next to each otherHelps decide which functions should be close to one anotherSee example in your assigned reading this week. Functions PerformedReception areaAttractive, neat, unclutteredOut of the way of the work flowFunctions that create a lot of noise or activity vs. functions that need quietTranscriptionCodingDoctor’s chart completion/dictation areaFunctions that are related should be located close together Need for ConfidentialityControlled accessFor example, the file roomPrivacy for conversationsPrivacy for dictation/transcriptionFax machineComputer screens Shift WorkersShift workers often share a desk with the person who works the shift before or after themConsider personal space needsPersonal drawer, lockableOwn bulletin board, etc.Adjustable chair and other equipmentEach employee can adjust to fit as needed FlexibilityModular furniturePartitions, cubbies, instead of permanent wallsPower strips and outlet locations Personal NeedsTerritorialityWe are creatures of habitWe want to have the ability to control the areas where we workPrivacyAgeMedical conditions/disabilities Safety NeedsFire extinguishers Step stools, non-slip surfaces Wheeled carts Counters to lay things on Social NeedsPositive environmentMotivates people, fewer sick days and increased productivityTeam approachWork stations in clusters enable employees to easily ask questions and discuss their workSocial opportunities EstheticsColorLightingTemperatureAuditory impactsSound conditioning, soundproofingWhat do you think about music? Effective Space PlanningHas the following characteristics:Keeps costs to a minimumContributes to the quality of the workContributes to employee satisfactionContributes to services provided by the department Space Need Ca.

1. Work Space Planning
Part of the Organizing function of management
Work Space PlanningOrganizing and managing spaceIncludes
arranging work space so that procedures can be accomplished
efficientlyCreating a comfortable and productive work area
Things to consider:Work flowTraffic patternsFunctions
performed in the work spaceNeed for confidentialityShift
workers sharing work spaceFlexibility for the futurePersonal
needsSafety needsSocial needsEsthetics
Work FlowThe most important consideration in planning an
office layoutWell designed work flow is critical to achieving
optimal efficiency and productivityConsiderationsSmooth
transition from one task to anotherLittle duplication of effort
Traffic PatternsConsider both employees and visitorsLocation
of entrancesLook at teams and work groupsEmployees should be
close to the equipment and materials that they use most
oftenEmployees who work together should be in close proximity
to one another for ease in communicationSupervisors close to

2. the staff they supervise
Traffic PatternsTrip Frequency ChartLook at employees who
move around often and have to leave the areaIf the chart shows
much movement between two groups, those employees should
be located next to each otherHelps decide which functions
should be close to one anotherSee example in your assigned
reading this week.
Functions PerformedReception areaAttractive, neat,
unclutteredOut of the way of the work flowFunctions that create
a lot of noise or activity vs. functions that need
quietTranscriptionCodingDoctor’s chart completion/dictation
areaFunctions that are related should be located close together
Need for ConfidentialityControlled accessFor example, the file
roomPrivacy for conversationsPrivacy for
dictation/transcriptionFax machineComputer screens
Shift WorkersShift workers often share a desk with the person
who works the shift before or after themConsider personal space
needsPersonal drawer, lockableOwn bulletin board,
etc.Adjustable chair and other equipmentEach employee can
adjust to fit as needed
FlexibilityModular furniturePartitions, cubbies, instead of

3. permanent wallsPower strips and outlet locations
Personal NeedsTerritorialityWe are creatures of habitWe want
to have the ability to control the areas where we
workPrivacyAgeMedical conditions/disabilities
Safety NeedsFire extinguishers
Step stools, non-slip surfaces
Wheeled carts
Counters to lay things on
Social NeedsPositive environmentMotivates people, fewer sick
days and increased productivityTeam approachWork stations in
clusters enable employees to easily ask questions and discuss
their workSocial opportunities
EstheticsColorLightingTemperatureAuditory impactsSound
conditioning, soundproofingWhat do you think about music?
Effective Space PlanningHas the following
characteristics:Keeps costs to a minimumContributes to the
quality of the workContributes to employee
satisfactionContributes to services provided by the department

4. Space Need Can Change
Space and layout should be reevaluated periodically to
determine any needs for changing the layout
ErgonomicsThe science concerned with the relationship of
people to their work environmentGood ergonomics helps to
prevent injuryAffects performance and moraleConsiders the
following:Adjustability of furnitureBreaks and changes in jobs
with repetitionEquipment and tools within reach
Poor ErgonomicsCan result in cumulative trauma disorders and
repetitive strain (or stress) injuriesCTD: cumulative trauma
disordersRSI: repetitive stress injuries
Common injuries or disordersCarpal tunnel syndromeUpper
back and neck strainEyestrain
Ergonomic ManagementEducation of staffHourly stretch and
eyestrain breaksSimple and inexpensive equipment
modifications
Recommended Activity
Perform a Web search to find out more information about
ergonomics
This will also help you to successfully complete this week’s
Professional Practice Activity
Module 8 Overview
The Pacific Realm

5. This module focuses on the overall geography (topography,
historical, economic, political, and cultural/human) of the
Pacific Realm, which is mostly comprised of three regions,
which are the following: Melanesia, Micronesia, and Polynesia.
You will begin by describing the topography of the Pacific
Realm. The historical geography of the Pacific Realm will be
explained. The political and economical geography of the
Pacific Realm will be compared and contrasted with the rest of
the world’s political and economical systems. In addition, you
will analyze the diverse religions of the Pacific Realm. Lastly,
the cultural geography of the Pacific Realm will be analyzed in
relation to the rest of the world.
Learning Objectives
Upon completion of this module, you should be able to:
3H
identify the legacy of imperialism left by the French, British,
and Americans and its impact on the Pacific Realm’s current
political map.
4G
describe the basics of marine geography including key politico-
spatial concepts, the scramble for the oceans, pertinent legal
issues, maritime boundary-making, and the spread of Exclusive
Economic Zones (EEZs).
6K
examine the basic layout, political geography, and human
spatial organization of the Southwestern Pacific, Western
Pacific, and mid-oceanic Pacific island regions.
6L
evaluate the general physical geography of the Antarctic
continent and surrounding water bodies, its political
partitioning, and the spatial implications of the Antarctic
Treaty.

6. Module 8 Reading Assignment
de Blij, H. J., & Muller, P. O. (2012). Geography: Realms,
regions, and concepts (15th ed.). New Jersey: John Wiley &
Sons. Chapter 12.
The Pacific Realm
The Topography of the Pacific Realm
The Pacific Realm covers the most square mileage of any of the
realms we studied in this course, but is mostly made up of
ocean. Most of the islands in the Pacific Realm were formed by
oceanic volcanic and coral building activity around these
volcanic atolls. Please view the Pacific Realm and Poles
presentation.
This realm extends from the cold arctic regions of the north
Pacific Ocean near the Aleutian Islands southward to the
Southern Ocean near Antarctica. Marine geography largely
dominates the study of this realm. Antarctica is often classified
into this realm by many geographers.
Antarctica, due to its severe climate and glacial ice cover, is
one of the least explored and known-about areas of the globe.
Seven countries have main claims in Antarctica and 40 have
signed the Antarctica Treaty. This treaty justifies only peaceful
and scientific use. No resource exploration is allowed.
Some of the coldest temperatures and wind chills occur in this
region located on the South Pole. Antarctica has an actual
continent under all of the ice, which is different than the North
Pole that is mostly sea ice and has no land or continent.
Threats of rising sea levels believed to be from global warming
and climate change greatly challenge all aspects of this region.
If sea level continues to rise each year, much of the topography
above the sea will greatly change as it will become submerged
under the sea.
The Historical Geography of the Pacific Realm
Most of the people native to the Pacific Realm (indigenous)
have traveled to these regions at the end of the last ice age when
sea levels were much lower. Today, global warming and

7. climate change are threatening global sea level rise, which is
creating much fear and many challenges for the people and
resources in this realm/region.
Many European countries have colonized many of the islands in
this realm, similar to the other regions and realms we have
studied in this course. However, in 1959, the U.S. made the
Hawaiian Islands its 50th state. Guam, American Samoa, the
Line Islands, Wake Island, Midway, and a few other islands are
under U.S. administration. Please watch the History and
Cultures of the Pacific Realm presentation.
The Economic Geography of the Pacific Realm
The United Nations Law of the Sea provisions largely controls
the economics of this region. Tourism is very high in this
region, and the views and recreational activities are top notch.
There are also mineral wealth and fishing that support this
region economically. Please read the Pacific Rim and Economic
Tigers article.
The Political Geography of the Pacific Realm
New Guinea is the most populated island in the Pacific Realm.
The United Nations Law of the Sea provisions largely controls
the politics in this realm, which are still not very structured due
to the large distance between islands and the very large area.
This region does have independent states, colonies,
dependencies, and administrative units.
The Pacific Realm is divided into three major regions, which
are the following: Melanesia (including New Guinea),
Micronesia, and Polynesia. Melanesia is made up of Papua
(Indonesia), Papua New Guinea, the Solomon Islands, Vanatu,
New Caledonia, and Fiji. Micronesia is made up of Palau, the
Federated States of Micronesia, the Northern Mariana Islands,
the Republic of the Marshall Islands, Nauru, Western Kiribati,
and Guam. Polynesia is made up of the Hawaiian Islands,
Samoa, American Samoa, Tuvalu, Eastern Kirbati, Cook, and
other New Zealand-administered islands, French Polynesia, and
Easter Island.
Lastly, this region has recently been challenged with great

8. amounts of floating garbage and pollution from recent tsunamis
and dumping. These are deep political and environmental issues
that our global society will have to address in the coming years.
The Cultural and Religious Geography of the Pacific Realm
Most of the culture in this region is still largely indigenous, but
every year outside influence from westernization and
globalization impacts this region. The culture of this region is
largely classified as being Polynesian. Religiously, this region
is very diverse with indigenous and native religions being the
most dominant. There is some outside influence from Islam and
Christianity.
Required Presentation:
Please view the Chapter 12 Presentation.
[INSERT TITLE HERE] 1
Running head: [INSERT TITLE HERE]
[INSERT TITLE HERE]
Student Name
Allied American University

9. Author Note
This paper was prepared for [INSERT COURSE NAME],
[INSERT COURSE ASSIGNMENT] taught by [INSERT
INSTRUCTOR’S NAME].
1. Not many people know the full geography of Antarctica. Why
do you think this is the case? If you took away all of the glacial
ice from Antarctica, what do you think it would look like? How
do you think any Global Warming and or Climate Change will
impact this region?
PART I: MAP ACTIVITY
Use the map below to identify all numbered areas.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.

10. PART II: SHORT ESSAY
Please answer the following question in a 1-2 page short essay
using APA Format. Please be sure to use the course readings
and/or other outside documented research to support all of your
ideas, facts, and opinions.
1. Pick any individual region in the Pacific Realm, and then
describe and explain its individual physical, historical,
economic, political, cultural/human, and religious/spiritual
geography. How and why is it different than the countries it
borders? What future challenges do you see for this country?
Have you ever visited this country before? Would you like to if
you have not? Why or why not?
PART III: GEOGRAPHY JOURNAL
Task #1. Please utilize LIRN (you may visit the Academic
Resource Center for a guide on how to utilize LIRN
successfully) and search for one peer reviewed research article
that covers any of the following:
identify the legacy of imperialism left by the French, British,
and Americans and its impact on the Pacific Realm’s current
political map.
describe the basics of marine geography including key politico-
spatial concepts, the scramble for the oceans, pertinent legal
issues, maritime boundary-making, and the spread of Exclusive
Economic Zones (EEZs).
examine the basic layout, political geography, and human

11. spatial organization of the Southwestern Pacific, Western
Pacific, and mid-oceanic Pacific island regions.
evaluate the general physical geography of the Antarctic
continent and surrounding water bodies, its political
partitioning, and the spatial implications of the Antarctic
Treaty.
Then write a 1-2 page review/reaction/reflection paper
describing that article using APA format (please visit the
Academic Resource Center for a concise guide on APA format).
Be sure to include the following:
Goals/Objectives: What is the purpose of the article? What
does it attempt to solve, determine, or demonstrate?Data: Which
data are assessed or analyzed to determine if the
goals/objectives are met?Methods: What specific methodology
is used to analyze the data in the context of the
goals?Analysis/Conclusion: What resulted from methods being
applied to the data? What do the author(s) conclude from the
analysis or how do they interpret the analysis/results?
Your critical review of the article must include the following:
Assessment: Were the goals and objectives clearly stated? Did
the goals match the methods and results? Was the article easy
to follow?Importance: What, in your view, is the importance of
this research? What impactdoesknowing this have on
geography?Improvement: What, if anything, could the author(s)
have done to improve the article?Reaction: What is your
opinion of the research conducted?
Task #2. For Modules 2-8, you will reflect on the specific
region and then will turn in your complete work (for Modules 2-
8) at the completion of Module 8. You will only turn in a rough
draft of your Task #2 work in this module’s homework
assignment.

12. Please write a 1-2 page reflection paper on how the physical,
economic, political, historical, and cultural/human geography of
the Pacific region or realm would impact you if you lived there.
You can compile this as a document, PowerPoint Presentation,
or even create an online blog (please ask instructor). You can
also set this up as a diary with daily entries. Be creative.