Strategies for Landing an Oracle DBA Job as a Fresher
course 30/6 Maria Kaika
1. Modernisation and the dialectics between Nature and the City Why Cities? Cities are the largest consumers of resources More than half of world’s population dwells in cities. Environmental discourses are directly related to the relationship between the city and nature We cannot address the question of Nature without addressing the question of Cities
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3. KEY QUESTIONS: 1. What is the relationship between Nature and the City in Modernity?
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5. Modernist construction of 2 types of Nature 2. Divine-Good Nature clean green (flowers, forests, rivers) outside the city Moral/ecological Order Green pastures, Cyclical order of nature,Organised Animal societies
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9. IN BOTH CASES: Nature as “the other”, from which the urban dweller has been alienated and with which he needs to get in touch an externalised “other” ( Bauman 1991) , (like women, like the orient) a ‘thing’, that lies ‘out there’ outside human societies, outside ‘cities’, separate and distinct from them, to be either protected or conquered, Depending on the discourse, and On the politics of this discourse.
10. What is nature? = political question Deep ecology : moral value and order – awesome = to be left alone by h. beings Technocratic/Technocentric approach : endless resource, keep developing, econ. growth will “trickle down”, technology will solve the problems. Ecological Modernisation : manage to the best of our ability without compromising growth. End of pipe solutions
13. “ To get to them you have to penetrate courts reeking with poisonous and malodorous gases arising from accumulations of sewage and refuse … Courts, many of them which the sun never penetrates, which are never visited by a breath of fresh air.... You have to grope your way along dark and filthy passages swarming with vermin. Then, if you are not driven back by the intolerable stench, you may gain admittance to the dens in which these thousands of beings who belong, as much as you to the race for whom Christ died, herd together….. here are seven people living in one underground kitchen, and a little child lying dead in the same room” Andrew Merns “The bitter cry of outcast London” (1883)
14. New York In 1885, Alan Forman wrote in the American Magazine “ a seething mass of humanity, so ignorant, so vicious, so depraved that they hardly seem to belong to our species…. It is almost a matter of congratulation that the death rate among the inhabitants of these tenements is something over 57%”
15. "How ugly Paris seems ... How one chokes in these narrow and dank corridors that we like to call the streets of Paris! One would think that one was in a subterranean city, that's how heavy is the atmosphere, how profound is the darkness!" -the Vicomte de Launay, 1838,(as quoted in Rice, p 9) PICTURES FROM: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_Haussmann
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20. Embankment of the Thames (1864-1870) “ it is now widely acknowledged to be a national – and an imperial - humiliation that the very heart of the capital should be so vilely polluted “ (Luckin, 1986)
21. Unknown photographer Publisher: H. and C. F. Feist Date: c. 1906 From the collection of John R. Mendel http://www.victorianweb.org/photos/postcards/mendel/18.html Contribution to the appropriate, and appropriately civilised cityscape for a prosperous commercial society” (Ogborn 1998:101). Cultural amnesia : unregulated, water scapes have been forgotten. Embanked rivers became “the natural” way rivers are.
22. The Great London Sewers 1865 Following an outbreak of cholera in 1853
23. The Great London Sewers 1865 Sir Joseph Bazalgette, Chief Engineer to the Metropolitan Commission for Sewers The encapsulation of the modern heroic engineer DELAYED: Scientific War between John Simon (miasmatic theory) and John Snow the best practice to sanitize London allocation of public funding CURRENT DEBATE? Discovery of link between dirty water and epidemics
26. Discovery of link between water and epidemics Parallel between The human body and the “body” of the city: William Harvey, 1628 De Motu Cordis " ("On the Motion of the Heart and Blood") URBAN METABOLISM Sanitizing + Rationalising urban space = key in producing a modern city + a modern self + key political and social issue
33. 1.ANARCHIST UTOPIAS (a new city for a new society) W Morris (grandfather ecologist) Natural Beauty and self-sufficiency as ecological solution to urban problems: 1891 “News from Nowhere” “ suppose people lived in little communities among gardens and green fields, so that you could be in the country in five minute's walk, and had few wants, almost no furniture for instance, and no servants, and studied the (difficult) arts of enjoying life, and finding out what they really wanted: then I think that one might hope civilization had really begun”.
34. ANARCHIST UTOPIAS (a new social organisation) Kropotkin : Ecotopia : Ecological communities: a space for biology and evolution 1902 “Mutual aid” Mutual aid, solidarity, cooperation, self-government, harmony, balance and community “ Have the factory and workshop at the gates of your fields and gardens, and work in them … Not those large establishments … but airy and hygienic and consequently economical”
35. 2. REFORMIST UTOPIAS (functioned within the capitalist economy) E Howard 1898 To-morrow: a peaceful path to social reform Garden Cities of To-morrow Green, small, well-planned towns Factories at the periphery of Towns, Electrically powered tramways Good environment = happiness Public property Unity of design British New Towns
36. “ The objects chiefly kept in view have been to unite the greatest degree of order, symmetry, space, and healthfulness, in the largest supply of air and light, and in the most perfect system of drainage, with the comfort and convenience of all classes … And, in addition to all these, a large intermixture of grass lawn, garden ground, and flowers, and an abundant supply of water --the whole to be united with as much elegance and economy as may be found practicable. … simplicity, convenience, and economy, are the chief considerations, though ornament has not been neglected.” Buckingham (1849) National Evils and Practical Remedies
37. “ From the entire absence of all wynds, courts, and blind alleys, or culs-de-sac , there would be no secret and obscure haunts for the retirement of the filthy and the immoral from the public eye... There being neither beer-shops, gin-palaces, dram-shops, cigar divans, pawnbrokers, gambling-houses, or brothels, permitted or possible to be established without immediate detection and suppression in any part of the Town, the host of evils thus avoided may be more easily imagined than described”. The utopian city as a mechanism for social control
38. In both Environmental Control Practices and Utopian Thinking the ideal city treated as a piece of social machinery designed to function efficiently, but also reflecting an ideal social order and designed to ‘condition’ its inhabitants in the new or existing social order
66. BRONX RIVER PARKWAY TRIED TO COMBINE: Ideals of American modernism WITH Technocratic Logic of landscape change
67. Part of a wider National PROJECT: THE INTRODUCTION OF TECHNOLOGY AS THE NEW LANDSCAPE AESTHETIC TECHNOLOGY not NATURE BECOMES THE INSPIRATION FOR A BETTER SOCIETY Magnificent approach” to nature and specifically to the newly completed Kensico Dam as a means to “inspire civic pride in the citizens of NY”. http:// www.westchestergov.com/wcarchives/Kensico/dam_construction.htm
68. Central Park created an imaginary “authentic” natural Urban landscape, Brought nature into the city Bronx River Parkway = created an utopia supposed to reflect an “authentic” ideal American non-urban landscape. Brought the city dweller out into nature
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75. FROM PARKWAYS TO HIGHWAYS state funded large scale infrastructure projects Parkways : transformed technology into architecture, science into art, nature into culture (Gandy 2002). Highways: Post 1950s modernism very little inspiration from nature, in contrast to earlier modernism.
77. 1950s 60s: Expressways Through the Heart of the City
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79. NATURE marginalised from urban planning discourses Technology became the basis for dreaming a new urban society. RESULT: Extensive Technological Transformation of The Urban Landscape
132. Transmuted Landscapes. Before and After the Atatürk Dam Landsat7 image, post-Atatürk Dam, Harran (24 Aug 2002) Source: NASA Landsat7 image of pre-Atatürk Dam, Harran (20 Aug 1983) Source: NASA
133. Promoting techno-nature as the new countryside aesthetic Eder Dam, Germany, 1910 Source: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Eder_dam.jpg
156. http://www.chinaodysseytours.com/yangtzecruise/why_cruise.html Yangtze River Cruises and the Three Gorges Dam Tour When you are still hearing the debating on "to or not to" build the dam, it is already there! The hydraulic power has already been supplying cities like Shanghai and Suzhou. Come to see the HUGE dam, and your ship will cross the 5-level huge lock. To sail across the natural wonder: Three Gorges "The mighty Yangtze river and its Three Gorges has long been one of Asia's most revered and dramatic nature attractions." - by Mr. Richard Carroll Experience the authentic local people's life and culture To visit the local countryside area and see the common people's life - which you can not see in big cities like Beijing, Shanghai, etc. Great Onboard Experience Take part in various activities onboard and learn about Chinese culture. Most of the cruises provide Chinese culture presentation, staff show, and very nice food with Chinese cuisine. Enjoy the relaxation and comfort as other cruises As the dam has locked the water flow, the Yangtze river is not so "mighty" as before. Bigger ships have been built and old ships are refurnished. Cruise on Yangtze is much more comfortable than before!
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