1) Road accidents are a major global epidemic, killing over 1.2 million people per year which is projected to become the third leading cause of death by 2020. Developing countries disproportionately experience higher rates of road deaths compared to vehicle ownership. 2) Common causes of traffic collisions include speeding, impaired driving from alcohol/drugs, lack of seatbelt use, driver distraction or impairment from age/fatigue. These accidents have significant economic and social costs for individuals and countries. 3) Solutions to improve road safety include better road infrastructure like barriers and markings, advanced safety systems in vehicles, and more efficient transportation systems to reduce congestion and conflicts between modes of travel. Stricter enforcement of traffic laws

1. UNCOVERING THE MISHAPS & DANGERS OF ROAD
SAFETY
PRESENTED BY: EMMANUEL O. J.
Haven considered the current world population and its high
tendency/probability of most of her occupants to migrate from one place or another
it would be needful to use a means of transportation. With the knowledge that most
of her occupants are related in one way or the other and most likely live around the
same geographical location; road transport is an essential means of migrating. We
live in a world were over an estimated 1.2 million people are killed in road crashes
each year, and as many as 50 million are injured, occupying 30 percent to 70 percent
of orthopedic beds in developing countries hospitals. With the number of vehicles
rapidly rising in developing countries, this epidemic is quickly worsening in low and
middle-income countries and is on its way to becoming the third leading cause of
death and disabilities by the year 2020 (WHO 2000).
Knowing that there are several causes of mishaps & dangers affecting road
safety, like mechanical failure, lack or inadequate maintenance of good roads, traffic
collision amongst others. In this article, I will center my research on traffic
collision/accidents. There are several causes that leads to traffic collision, these
could as a result of not using seatbelts, over speeding, driver impairment; alcohol,
physical impairment, old age, youth, sleep deprivation, drug usage, distraction, etc.
The costs and consequences of these losses are significant. Three-quarters of all poor
families who lost a member to road traffic death reported a decrease in their standard
of living, and 61 percent reported they had to borrow money to cover expenses
following their loss.6 The World Bank estimates that road traffic injuries cost 1
percent to 2 percent of the gross national product (GNP) of developing countries, or
twice the total amount of development aid received worldwide by developing
countries.
The statistics below shows an estimate of the death rate caused by traffic, in
comparison with other causes of death;
* 2010 estimates for world, 2012 for the United States
Cause World United States
Traffic Accidents 1,240,000 33,561
Homicide 437,000 16,259
Military conflict 55,000 127

2. Annual Global Road Crash Statistics
 Nearly 1.3 million people die in road crashes each year, on average 3,287
deaths a day.
 An additional 20-50 million are injured or disabled.
 More than half of all road traffic deaths occur among young adults ages 15-
44.
 Road traffic crashes rank as the 9th leading cause of death and account for
2.2% of all deaths globally.
 Road crashes are the leading cause of death among young people ages 15-29,
and the second leading cause of death worldwide among young people ages
5-14.
 Each year nearly 400,000 people under 25 die on the world's roads, on average
over 1,000 a day.
 Over 90% of all road fatalities occur in low and middle-income countries,
which have less than half of the world's vehicles.
 Road crashes cost USD $518 billion globally, costing individual countries
from 1-2% of their annual GDP.
 Road crashes cost low and middle-income countries USD $65 billion
annually, exceeding the total amount received in developmental assistance.
 Unless action is taken, road traffic injuries are predicted to become the fifth
leading cause of death by 2030.
In the light of recent events, developing countries are exposed to potential
road traffic injury has increased largely because of rapid motorization, coupled
with poor road conditions, rapid population growth, lack of safety features in
cars, crowded roads, poor road maintenance, and lack of police enforcement.
Promoting efficient patterns of land use and providing overhead bridges, tunnels
or underground routes, shorter, safer routes for vulnerable road users can improve
their safety.
Improved and innovative solutions are also vital to reduce accidents and
casualties. Such as safety barriers and impact absorption equipments, at increased
impact speeds are highly effective in saving lives. Improved road markings could
guide motorists and reduce casualties. Advance roadside management system
(fixed object, trees, poles, etc.), high-tech solutions (e.g. ITS) etc. can reduce
overall hazards by a big margin. The Intelligent transport System (ITS) is
intended for advances in navigation systems, assistance for safety driving,
optimization of traffic management and increasing efficiency in road

3. management by building an integrated system of people, roads and vehicles
utilizing advance data communication technologies. A recent study on ITS
application for Bangladesh revealed that with 100 percent deployment of ITS
technology, the fatal and injury related accidents could be reduced as much as 26
percent and 30 respectively. Currently, several car producing companies, are
making research, welcoming and implementing this invention into new produced
cars.
In conclusion, road safety can be highly improved by reducing the high level
of traffic accidents and putting more efforts, intellectually, financially and
resourcefully into traffic management which also cuts across to the
manufacturers of the various types of motors that use the roads. Also, federal
government in various countries, should see to the enforcement that individuals
are properly fit to drive and consistent with the check-up.