The document provides an overview of the key beliefs and practices in Islam. It states that Islam is the world's second largest religion with over 1 billion followers. Core beliefs include belief in one God named Allah and recognizing Muhammad as his final prophet. The five pillars of Islam are the core duties and include the shahadah, salat, zakat, sawm, and hajj. The Quran is the holy book of Islam which was revealed to Muhammad. Other topics summarized include daily life, festivals, mosques, prayers, Mecca as the holiest city, and the pilgrimage requirements including ihram.

1. Islam

2. Islam today:
•The word Islam means 'submission to the
will of God'.
•Islam is the second largest religion in the
world with over 1 billion followers.
•People who follow the faith of Islam are
called Muslims
•1,591,000 Muslims in the UK, around
2.7% of the population.

4.  Muslims believe that there is only one
God, whose name in the Arabic language is
Allah.
 God had special messengers or prophets
these were Abraham, Moses, Jesus and
Muhammad (Peace be upon him).
 When Muslims say the names of the
prophets they say „peace be upon him‟
afterwards.
 Allah created the Earth and everything on it
in seven days.
 On the seventh day he created Adam and
Eve from clay.

5. Qur‟an
 The holy book for Muslims
 The Qur‟an was revealed by God to the prophet
Muhammad and that it is the direct word of God
(Allah)
 The Qur‟an is originally written in Arabic but is
translated in over 40 languages
 There are 114 Chapters in the Qur‟an
 All chapters except one begin with “Bismillahir
rahmanir raheem” which means “In the name of
Allah the most merciful and the most kind”
 Muslims are taught to learn and recite the Qur‟an
in Arabic. Anyone who knows the Qur‟an off by
heart is referred to as Hafiz

6. http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/texts/quran_1.shtml
Sura 40:1-3
 English translation: The revelation of
this book is from Allah, exalted in
power, full of knowledge who forgives
sins, accepts repentance, is strict in
punishment, and has a long reach in
all things. There is no God but he: to
him is the final goal.

7. Rules of the Qur‟an
 Before touching the Qur‟an you must perform a
ritual washing (washing face then 2 hands all the
way up to the elbows, followed by washing part
of the head and finally washing of the feet up to
the ankles). This is also known as Ablution or
Wudu.
 No text is allowed to be place above the Qur‟an
 The Book is highly respected and when being
read Muslims have to reframe from talking,
eating, drinking or making distracting noises
 A special stand called the Rihal is used to keep
the Qur‟an off the floor in respect for the Holy
Book.

8. 5 Pillars of Islam
 Shahadah = faith or belief that there is no one
except Allah and the prophet Muhammad as his
messenger.
 Salat = prayer. This is traditionally done five
times a day. At dawn, midday, late
afternoon, sunset and at night.
 Zakat = charity. Once a year Muslims are
supposed to donate 2.5% of their wealth to
charity.
 Sawm = fasting, which takes place in the month
of Ramadan.
 Hajj = pilgrimage. Every Muslim once in their life
should visit Mecca.

9. By carrying out the Five Pillars it
shows that Muslims don‟t try and fit
their religion around their secular lives
but put their faith first.

10. Everyday Life
 Muslims are expected to live within the Islamic Laws called the
Sharia (God‟s Way)
i. They are not allowed to steal, gamble, commit adultery or drink
alcohol
 Clothing
i. Men must cover their bodies between the waist and knees
ii. Women must be covered from head to toe with exception of their
hands and face
iii. Clothes for women should not be transparent or show the shape of
the woman‟s body
iv. Common to see women and girls wearing head shawls; Hijab that
covers the head or Burka which covers whole body.
 Muslims wash and pray before meals. The eldest person in the
room always eats first
 Any meat that they eat must be prepared in a special way called
Halal.

11. Muslim Festivals
Eid-Ul-Adha, Ramadan and Eid-Ul-Fitr

12. Eid-Ul-Adha
 http://www.bbc.co.uk/schools/religion/islam/eid_h
aj.shtml
 Is the celebration of sacrifice and marks the end
of Hajj, annual pilgrimage to Mecca. It takes
place in the last month of the Islamic
calendar, Zul-Hijjah
 Is a day of happiness, and a day to forgive and
forget differences
 The day usually starts with a visit to the mosque
where a special Eid Namaz (prayer) is read
 Special dishes including lamb and sweet dishes
are consumed during the celebrations
 Presents are often exchanged and some families
hang decorations and have fireworks

13. Ramadan
 Ramadan is the ninth month of the Islamic calendar, and a
time when many Muslims across the world will fast during the
hours of daylight
 Muslims believe that the gates of Heaven (Jannah) and Hell
(Jahanam) are locked for the duration of Ramadan
 During Ramadan Muslims celebrate the time when the verses
of the Qur‟an were revealed to the prophet Muhammad
 Ramadan is a time of worship and contemplation. A time to
strengthen family and community ties
 Muslims are expected to fast from sunrise to sunset. During
Ramadan Muslims get up early before dawn (Fajr) and have
a light meal. This time is known as Suhoor.
 At the end of each day (Maghrib) Muslims traditionally break
their fast with a meal called the iftar. Following the custom of
Muhammad, the fast is often broken with dates, then followed
by a prayer and dinner
 Ramadan concludes with the celebration of Eid-Ul-Fitr

14. Eid-Ul-Fitr
 Eid-Ul-Fitr or Id-Ul-Fitr is a Muslim
holiday that marks the end of
Ramadan. Eid is the Arabic word for
„festivity‟ while Fitr means „to break the
fast‟ and so symbolises the breaking
of the fasting period. Eid is celebrated
over a three day period in Islamic
countries.

15. Mosques
A mosque (masjid in Arabic) is a place
for worship in Islam. Although prayers
can be done privately, either indoors
or outdoors, nearly every community
of Muslims dedicates a space or
building for congregational prayer.

18. Common Components of
Mosques
 Prayer Hall- the central area for prayer
 Prayer Rugs- during Islamic prayers, worshippers
bow, kneel and prostrate on these
 Mihrab- the mihrab is an ornamental indentation on the
wall of a mosque, from which sermons or speeches are
given
 Dome- many mosques are decorated withal domed
rooftop, particularly in the Middle East. This
architectural element holds no spiritual or symbolic
significance and is purely aesthetic. The interior of a
dome is usually highly decorated with floral, geometric
and other patterns
 Shoe shelf- Muslims remove their shoes before entering
a mosque to preserve the cleanliness of the prayer
space

19. Muslim Prayers
 Before each prayer a Muslim is required to carry out a ritual
wash.
 The routine consists of everyone sitting on the floor. The
direction which they should face during prayers is indicated
on one of the walls called a mihrab so they are facing Mecca
 Muslims are required to pray up to 5 times a day, which are
spaced throughout the say. Each prayer is a constant
reminder of God and the given opportunities that they are
given to seek his guidance and forgiveness. They are:
1. Pre-dawn-Fajr
2. Noon-Dhuru
3. Late afternoon-’Asr
4. Sunset-Maghrib
5. Evening-’Isha
http://www.bbc.co.uk/education/clips/zypvcdm

21. Mecca
 Mecca translated into Makah is a city in Saudi Arabia which is
considered to be the Holy City of Islam
 Mecca is the home to the Kaaba- a cuboid building lying at
the heart of the holy Mosque. The Kaaba is the holiest
building in Islam and is a large stone structure which holds
one single room with marble flooring
 Mecca is massively important this week as it is currently the
week of the annual Hajj pilgrimage. Hundreds and thousands
of people gather in Mecca to participate in one of the five
pillars of Islam
 Muslims take part in a pilgrimage to get to Mecca, which they
are required to do at least once in their lifetime. Once in
Mecca, the Muslims perform one of two rituals- the lesser
pilgrimage of Urmar, and the main pilgrimage of Hajj
 After the pilgrimage of the Hajj, the celebration of Eid takes
place

23. Ihram
 Special state of ritual purity
 To perform Ihram Muslims must wear special white clothing
and must not do any of the following:
-engage in marital relations
-shave or cut their nails
-use cologne or scented oils
-kill or hunt anything
-fight or argue
-women must not cover their faces, even if they would do so in
their home country
-men may not wear clothes with stitching
-bathing is allowed but scented soaps are frowned upon
http://www.bbc.co.uk/religion/religions/islam/practices/hajj_1.sht
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