DQ 5 Please write at least 250 words for each question. Also, double check the work for plagiarism and please cite all quotes. CH. 10 1. Discuss the problem space hypothesis. How might it account for and explain the various blocks to problem solving? 2. In what ways is mental set similar to perceptual set? In what ways are the two phenomena dissimilar? CH. 11 1. Describe the similarities and differences between inductive and deductive reasoning. 2. Describe the image theory and contrast it with expected utility theory. 3. Discuss the relationship between hindsight bias and overconfidence. CH. 13 1. Discuss the implications of the major findings regarding gender differences in cognitive abilities. CH. 14 1. Describe Hudson’s studies of pictorial perception and discuss their implications. 2. When trying to solve a problem, you might have been instructed to “stop thinking about it and come back to it later.” Based on what you have learned about impasses, do you think this is a good advice? Why or why not? 3. Consider the following choice? I will give you a free $5.00 bill, no strings attached. Optionally, I will allow you to flip a coin: heads you win $10.00, tails you win nothing. Do you want the $5.00, or do you want to flip the coin? What does expected value theory tell you that you should do? Does this accurately represent your feeling about the decision? DQ 4 Please write at least 250 words for each question. Also, double check the work for plagiarism and please cite all quotes. 1. Does language come from cognitive processes? Or is language and mental cognition separate? Explain. 2. Language structure is important in cognition, but is it really? For example, if a child said to you, “You, me, cookie, go, now, hurry,” you would know what the child meant, even though what is said is not grammatically correct. How is that possible? 3. Is there a critical period for language? Is so, what might this imply about learning multiple languages in school? 4. Who is Noam Chomsky? What was one of his major innovations as a linguist? CH. 9 1. What is the Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity? Evaluate the empirical evidence bearing on it. 2. Describe the modularity hypothesis and its implications for the study of language as part of cognitive psychology. 3. What does it mean to say that our knowledge of linguistic rules is implicit rather than explicit? Discuss the implications of this statement. 4. What does the term “grammar” mean to linguists and psychologists? How does their understanding of the term differ from that of a layperson? Ashford 5: - Week 4 - Instructor Guidance ENG 125 WEEK 4 GUIDANCEDrama "What is drama but life with the dull bits cut out." - Alfred HitchcockThis week's overview Welcome to Week 4! We are already over halfway through our literary journey in this course. Your lesson this week involves drama, especially its history in Greek and Elizabethan theater. Some of you might be wondering what such old plays have to .

1. DQ 5
Please write at least 250 words for each question. Also, double
check the work for plagiarism and please cite all quotes.
CH. 10
1. Discuss the problem space hypothesis. How might it account
for and explain the various blocks to problem solving?
2. In what ways is mental set similar to perceptual set? In what
ways are the two phenomena dissimilar?
CH. 11
1. Describe the similarities and differences between inductive
and deductive reasoning.
2. Describe the image theory and contrast it with expected
utility theory.
3. Discuss the relationship between hindsight bias and
overconfidence.
CH. 13
1. Discuss the implications of the major findings regarding
gender differences in cognitive abilities.
CH. 14
1. Describe Hudson’s studies of pictorial perception and discuss
their implications.
2. When trying to solve a problem, you might have been
instructed to “stop thinking about it and come back to it later.”
Based on what you have learned about impasses, do you think
this is a good advice? Why or why not?
3. Consider the following choice? I will give you a free $5.00
bill, no strings attached. Optionally, I will allow you to flip a
coin: heads you win $10.00, tails you win nothing. Do you want
the $5.00, or do you want to flip the coin? What does expected
value theory tell you that you should do? Does this accurately
represent your feeling about the decision?

2. DQ 4
Please write at least 250 words for each question. Also, double
check the work for plagiarism and please cite all quotes.
1. Does language come from cognitive processes? Or is
language and mental cognition separate? Explain.
2. Language structure is important in cognition, but is it really?
For example, if a child said to you, “You, me, cookie, go, now,
hurry,” you would know what the child meant, even though
what is said is not grammatically correct. How is that possible?
3. Is there a critical period for language? Is so, what might this
imply about learning multiple languages in school?
4. Who is Noam Chomsky? What was one of his major
innovations as a linguist?
CH. 9
1. What is the Whorfian hypothesis of linguistic relativity?
Evaluate the empirical evidence bearing on it.
2. Describe the modularity hypothesis and its implications for
the study of language as part of cognitive psychology.
3. What does it mean to say that our knowledge of linguistic
rules is implicit rather than explicit? Discuss the implications of
this statement.
4. What does the term “grammar” mean to linguists and
psychologists? How does their understanding of the term differ
from that of a layperson?
Ashford 5: - Week 4 - Instructor Guidance
ENG 125 WEEK 4 GUIDANCEDrama
"What is drama but life with the dull bits cut out." - Alfred
HitchcockThis week's overview
Welcome to Week 4! We are already over halfway through our
literary journey in this course. Your lesson this week involves
drama, especially its history in Greek and Elizabethan theater.
Some of you might be wondering what such old plays have to do
with us...actually, they have everything to do with us! Once

3. you've learned about the origins of theatre, you can find these
same elements in contemporary Hollywood film and even in
novels. It does illustrate that human beings are somewhat the
same, regardless of era.
Your reading assignment for this week is to read Chapters 12,
13, and 14 in Journey Into Literature. You will again likely see
many new terms, so I encourage you to take careful notes as you
read to help you retain the information. More tips are below in
this week's intellectual elaboration.Strategies for this week's
assignments
You have two Discussion forums this week that require your
participation:
· Discussion 1: Tragedy. In this discussion, you will focuses on
tragedy; specifically, Macbeth. As with many other discussions
in this course, you'll want to be sure to include specific textual
evidence in your response to the prompt.
· Discussion 2: Comedy. This discussion will focus on comedy.
You'll read Mistaken Identity and will include details from the
play in your post.
· Discussion 3: Reflecting on feedback. This discussion will
focus on the feedback you have received from the Ashford
Writing Center from your revised draft. The discussion requires
you to post only on the feedback you received; however,
participation with your classmates is encouraged (it is not
required).
You have no new written assignment this week. Use your time
this week to revise and polish your literary analysis. Be sure to
heed the advice of your instructor and incorporate his or her
suggestions on your Week 3 draft. Don't forget to take
advantage of tutoring available to you at the Ashford Writing
Center.Intellectual elaboration
Your textbook reading this week includes information about
drama and plays themselves. When reading drama, I suggest you
read it aloud, if possible. If you have someone who can help
you, you can each read the role of a character. Drama is meant
to be staged and experienced, not read silently in a book. Do

4. whatever you can to make the dramatic readings come alive!
Some cautionary reminders for this week's reading:
You are going to be seeing many terms that may look familiar to
you. I'd like to focus on four of them in this week's guidance.
They are:
· drama
· modern
· tragedy
· comedy
Let's start with the first term: drama. In everyday speech, we
might hear this word used in a sentence like this: "There's
always so much drama when that person is around." This is
NOT the meaning of the word for the purpose of our literary
study. As Clugston explains, drama is a play that is meant to be
performed. Please take care not to confuse or conflate these
differing meanings of the word, "drama."
Next, we have the word modern. Again, this word has a
different meaning in everyday speech. Something that is
"modern" is considered "new" or "contemporary." Note that
modern drama began in the late 19th century! Be mindful of the
context in which we are using the word "modern" in our study
of drama.
Third, we have tragedy. Our contemporary meaning is not
entirely different from that in your textbook, but we still need
to remember that tragedy as it relates to drama means a play
where the hero (protagonist) has a turn of fortune that ends up
poorly for him/her.
Finally, you read about comedy. Do not think of comedy as
simply a funny play of movie. A comedy as the word relates to
drama means a play in which the hero's fortune changes for the
better.
Many students find Shakespeare intimidating, failing to
understand his relevance in our time period. Below is a video
worth watching to better understand just HOW MUCH influence
the Bard has on our every day lives. This video comes from the
National Endowment of the Arts, and it is entitled "Shakespeare

5. in Our Time."
As an eager English major, I learned that tragedy and comedy
are differentiated as follows: at the end of a tragedy, the floor is
littered with bodies (meaning, a bunch of characters are dead);
at the end of a comedy, there's a marriage. When it comes to
Shakespearean drama, his definition holds true in most cases. In
some of Shakespeare's later works, we find something else
called tragicomedy, which has elements of both tragedy and
comedy. If you decide to study Shakespeare further, you will
learn more about tragicomedy in that course.
One of Shakespeare's most beloved plays is A Midsummer
Night's Dream. The play's concept stems from Italian drama that
predates it; nonetheless, the play is still enjoyed today. Here is
a video that includes some excerpts from a dramatization at the
Guthrie theatre in Minneapolis, one of the country's most
respected venues for live theatre. Are the actors' costumes what
you would expect in a Shakespeare play? One of the wonderful
things about watching a play dramatized is that even though the
story and words remain the same, directors can produce myriad
interpretations of it.
Do you have any comments on what you observed in the above
performance? If so, please feel welcome to share them in the
Ashford Cafe.
Helpful links for this week's assignments
From the Ashford Writing Center:
· Writing Reviser Tool
· Proofreading and Editing Strategies
References:
Clugston, R. W. (2014). Journey into literature (2nd ed.)
[Electronic version]. Retrieved from https://content.ashford.edu/
A Midsummer Night's Dream. (n.d.). Retrieved February 19,
2015, from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qt5SjGrgkjk

6. National Endowment of the Arts (2014). "Shakespeare in Our
Time." Retrieved November 13, 2015, from
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5oAE_NQijkU
Ashford 5: - Week 4 - Discussion 3
Your discussion thread is due on Day 7 (Monday). Peer
responses are encouraged, but are not required. Reference the
Discussion Forum Grading Rubric for guidance on how your
discussion will be evaluated.
Responding to Draft Feedback
Prepare: Prior to completing this discussion, you will need to
have written a literary analysis draft and have submitted it to
review to the Ashford Writing Center.
Reflect: Review the feedback you received from the Ashford
Writing Center and consider how you will apply their
suggestions as you develop your draft into a final literary
analysis essay.
Write: Your initial post must be 100-200 words in length and
posted by Day 7. In your initial post, please do the following:
· State the tracking number beginning with “ntp” found at the
top of your reviewed paper.
· Respond to the feedback by offering:

7. · A summary of what you learned from their comments;
· A three- to five-point plan of items you will address or revise
for your final literary analysis; and
· Your thoughts on how you plan to use the services of the
Ashford Writing Center in future courses.
Respond to Peers: Peer responses are encouraged this week, but
are not required.
· Can you share in your classmates’ plans for revision? Why is
it helpful to share ideas in the writing process?
· Take a look at your classmates’ plans and offer a reliable
website or other source that addresses an aspect of his/her
revision. In addition to the Ashford Writing Center, what are
some other resources that are helpful?
· Reflect on the peer review process from last week and the
review from the Writing Center this week, and offer your
classmate some thoughts and questions on the experience of
having others’ review one’s work.
Ashford 5: - Week 4 - Discussion 2
Your initial discussion thread is due on Day 3 (Thursday) and
you have until Day 7 (Monday) to respond to your classmates.
Your grade will reflect both the quality of your initial post and
the depth of your responses. Reference the Discussion Forum
Grading Rubric for guidance on how your discussion will be
evaluated.
Comedy

8. Prepare: In order to complete this discussion, you will need to
read Sharon E. Cooper’s Mistaken Identity: A Ten Minute Play
from Chapter 14 of Journey into Literature.
Reflect: In the “Tragedy” discussion this week, you explored
the function of conflict in a tragedy and how the conflict is
enhanced by certain literary elements and techniques. In this
discussion activity, you will focus on comedy. Reflect on
Mistaken Identity: A Ten Minute Play. This is a modern comedy
that centers on the quest for love and understanding. Consider
whether/how the function of the conflict in this play and the
way the literary elements and techniques enhance the conflict is
different from what we studied in Macbeth.
Write: The initial post must be 200 to 300 words in length and
posted by Day 3. In your initial post:
· Identify a conflict that you see present in Mistaken Identity: A
Ten Minute Play (please refer to the list of conflicts)
· Respond to one of the following, providing examples or
quotations from the play to illustrate your ideas:
· Describe a key conflict in the play and how it corresponds to a
character’s development.
· Describe two key literary techniques and elements and
techniques of drama that aid in developing the conflict.
· Explain how and why the conflict in this comedy is different
from and/or similar to the conflict explored in tragedy.
Respond to Peers: Respond to at least two of your classmates’
initial posts. Each response should be at least 75 words in
length and should address two or more of the following points:
· Do you agree with your classmates’ perspectives? Why, or

9. why not? Be specific.
· Ask a specific question to encourage further discussion on the
topic.
· Challenge your classmates’ interpretation of literature and/or
point of view.
· Do a small amount of research and share what you learn with
your peers about the topic discussed in this post.