lec1 electric circuit

1. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
Dr. Ali Younis
ali.ibrahim1@eng.au.edu.eg
ali_a_younis2006@mena.vt.edu
ali2006@vt.edu

2. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
: Class 1 Mechanical Engineering Department
: Sunday (10 PM : 11 PM)
: Wednesday [12 PM:2 PM (class 1&2)]
:Wednesday & Sunday (12 PM: 2 PM)
: first floor in the Electrical Engineering Department
. 0882411032

3. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
: 60
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4. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Principles of Electric circuits 8th edition
• Fundamentals of Electric circuits

5. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
1. Quantities and Units
2. Voltage, Current, and Resistance
3. Ohm's Law
4. Energy and Power
5. Series Circuits
6. Parallel Circuits
7. Series-Parallel Circuits
8. Circuit Theorems and Conversions

6. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
9. Branch, Loop, and Node Analyses
10. Magnetism and Electromagnetism
11. Introduction to Alternating Current and Voltage
12. Capacitors
13. Inductors
14. Transformers
15. RC Circuits
16. RL Circuits

7. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
1. Quantities and Units
• Units of Measurement
• Scientific Notation
• Engineering Notation and Metric Prefixes
• Metric Unit Conversions
2. Voltage, Current, and Resistance
• Atomic Structure
• Electrical Charge
• Voltage, Current, and Resistance
• Voltage and Current Sources
• Resistors
• The Electric Circuit
• Basic Circuit Measurements
• Electrical Safety
• A Circuit Application
Ohm's Law
• The Relationship of Current, Voltage, and
Resistance
• Calculating Current
• Calculating Voltage
• Calculating Resistance
• Introduction to Troubleshooting
• A Circuit Application
Energy and Power
• Energy and Power
• Power in an Electric Circuit
• Resistor Power Ratings
• Energy Conversion and Voltage Drop in
Resistance Power Supplies
• A Circuit Application

8. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
Series Circuits
• Resistors in Series
• Current in a Series Circuit
• Total Series Resistance
• Application of Ohm's Law
• Voltage Sources in Series
• Kirchhoff's Voltage Law
• Voltage Dividers
• Power in Series Circuits
• Voltage Measurements
• Troubleshooting
• A Circuit Application
Parallel Circuits
• Resistors in Parallel
• Voltage in a Parallel Circuit
• Kirchhoff's Current Law
• Total Parallel Resistance
• Application of Ohm's Law
• Current Sources in Parallel
• Current Dividers
• Power in Parallel Circuits
• Parallel Circuit Applications
• Troubleshooting
• A Circuit Application
Series-Parallel Circuits
• Identifying Series-Parallel Relationships
• Analysis of Series-Parallel Resistive Circuits
• Voltage Dividers with Resistive Loads
• Loading Effect of a Voltmeter
• Ladder Networks
• The Wheatstone Bridge
• Troubleshooting
• A Circuit Application

9. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
Circuit Theorems and Conversions
• The DC Voltage Source
• The Current Source
• Source Conversions
• The Superposition Theorem
• Thevenin's Theorem
• Norton's Theorem
• Maximum Power Transfer Theorem
• Delta-to-Wye (∆ to Y) and Wye-to-Delta (Y to ∆) Conversions
• A Circuit Application
Branch, Loop, and Node Analyses
• Simultaneous Equations in Circuit Analysis
• Branch Current Method
• Loop Current Method
• Node Voltage Method
• A Circuit Application
Magnetism and Electromagnetism
• The Magnetic Field
• Electromagnetism
• Electromagnetic Devices
• Magnetic Hysteresis
• Electromagnetic Induction
• Applications of Electromagnetic Induction
• A Circuit Application

10. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
Introduction to Alternating Current and Voltage
• The Sinusoidal Waveform
• Sinusoidal Voltage Sources
• Sinusoidal Voltage and Current Values
• Angular Measurement of a Sine Wave
• The Sine Wave Formula
• Introduction to Phasors
• Analysis of AC Circuits
• Superimposed DC and AC Voltages
• Nonsinusoidal Waveforms
• The Oscilloscope
• A Circuit Application
Capacitors
• The Basic Capacitor
• Types of Capacitors
• Series Capacitors
• Parallel Capacitors
• Capacitors in DC Circuits
• Capacitors in AC Circuits
• Capacitor Applications
• Switched-Capacitor Circuits
• A Circuit Application
Inductors
• The Basic Inductor
• Types of Inductors
• Series and Parallel Inductors
• Inductors in DC Circuits
• Inductors in AC Circuits
• Inductor Applications
• A Circuit Application

11. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
Transformers
• Mutual Inductance
• The Basic Transformer
• Step-Up and Step-down Transformers
• Loading the Secondary Winding
• Reflected Load
• Impedance Matching
• Nonideal Transformer Characteristics
• Tapped and Multiple-Winding Transformers
• Troubleshooting
• A Circuit Application
RC Circuits
• Series Circuits
• Parallel Circuits
• Series parallel Circuits
• Special Topics
RL Circuits
• Series Circuits
• Parallel Circuits
• Series parallel Circuits
• Special Topics
RLC Circuits
• Series Circuits
• Parallel Circuits
• Series parallel Circuits
• Special Topics

12. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Units of Measurements
• Scientific Notations
• Engineering Notation and Metrix Prefixes
• Metrix Units Conversions

13. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• The International system of units is the SI (Le System International d’ Units)
• The SI System is based on seven fundamental units and two supplementary
units shown
• All the other measurements can be
expressed as a combination of these
two groups

14. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Letters and symbols are used to represents quantities and their units one for
quantity and one for units (P for power and W for Watts)
• The most important Electric and Magnetic quantities and their SI standards
are listed below

15. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Provides a convenient method to represent large and small
numbers and to perform calculation involving such numbers
• A quantity is expressed as a product of a number between 1 and
ten and a power of ten
• Exp
1500 → 1.5 ∗ 104
0.00022 → 2.2 ∗ 10−4

16. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Expressed as an exponent of the base 10 (10𝑥)
• Exponent is a number to which a base of 10 is raised. It indicates the
number of places that the decimal point is moved to right or left for positive
and negative exponent respectively.
• Table below show some of the positive
and negative power of ten

17. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Express the numbers to be added in the same power of ten
• Add the number without their power of ten
• Bring down the common power of ten which is the power of ten for the
sum
• Exp.𝐴𝑑𝑑 2 ∗ 106 𝑎𝑛𝑑 5 ∗ 107
2 ∗ 106 + 50 ∗ 106
2 + 50 ∗ 106= 52 ∗ 106 = 5.2 ∗ 107

18. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Express the numbers to be subtracted in the same power of ten
• subtract the number without their power of ten
• Bring down the common power of ten which is the power of ten for the
difference
• Exp.𝐴𝑑𝑑 2.5 ∗ 10−12 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 7.5 ∗ 10−11
0.25 ∗ 10−11 + 7.5 ∗ 10−11
7.5 − 0.25 ∗ 10−11= 7.25 ∗ 10−11

19. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Multiply the numbers directly without power of ten
• Add the power of ten algebraically (the exponent don’t have to be the same)
• Exp.
5 ∗ 1012 𝑏𝑦 3 ∗ 10−6
5 ∗ 3 ∗ 1012−6
= 15 ∗ 106
= 1.5 ∗ 107

20. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Divide the numbers directly without their power of ten
• Subtract the power of ten of the dominator from the nominator
• Exp.
5 ∗ 108 𝑏𝑦 2.5 ∗ 103
5/2.5 ∗ 108−3
= 2 ∗ 105

21. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• A specialized form of scientific notations
• Used widely in technical fields to represent large and small quantities (power-
voltage-current-resistance)
• A number can have from one to 3 digits to the left of the decimal point and
the power of the exponents to be multiple of 3
• Exp.
33000 → 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 33 ∗ 103 → 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 3.3 ∗ 104
0.045 → 𝐸𝑛𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 45 ∗ 10−3
→ 𝑠𝑐𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑡𝑖𝑓𝑖𝑐 4.5 ∗ 10−2

22. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• Are used in conjunction with engineering notation as a short hand for power of
ten that are multiple of 3
• Used with number that have a unit of measurement such as volt, amper
• The common Metric
prefixes are shown below
Exp.
0.025 𝐴 → 25 ∗ 10−3 → 25 𝑚𝐴

23. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020
• The following basic rules apply to metric unit conversions
1. When converting from large unit to small unit move the decimal point to the right
2. When converting from small unit to large unit move the decimal point to the left
3. Determine the number of places to move the decimal point by finding the
difference in the power of ten of the unit being converted
0.15 𝑚𝐴 → 𝜇𝐴 0.15 𝑚𝐴 = 0.15 ∗ 10−3 = 150 ∗ 10−6 = 150𝜇𝐴
4500 𝜇𝑉 → 𝑚𝑉 4500 𝜇𝑉 = 4500 ∗ 10−6 = 4.5 ∗ 10−3 = 4.5 𝑚𝑉

24. Electrical Engineering Department Dr. Ali Younis First Term 2020