Mba admission in india

MBA Admission in IndiaMBA Admission in India
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Power TransmissionPower Transmission
ShaftShaft
Irmydel LugoIrmydel Lugo
Victor MolinaVictor Molina
Eladio PereiraEladio Pereira

PurposePurpose
 To design a shaft that transmits 40 HPTo design a shaft that transmits 40 HP
of power.of power.
 It will be designed for infinite life.It will be designed for infinite life.
 Also, it will be as light as possible (massAlso, it will be as light as possible (mass
minimized)minimized)

ApplicationsApplications
 Electric motorsElectric motors
 TurbinesTurbines
 Automotive transmissionAutomotive transmission
 Manufacturing processesManufacturing processes

ConsiderationsConsiderations
 The torque acting on the shaft isThe torque acting on the shaft is
fluctuating as the angular velocityfluctuating as the angular velocity
changes.changes.
 The shaft will have cross sections ofThe shaft will have cross sections of
different diameters, which will make itdifferent diameters, which will make it
more difficult to analyze dynamically.more difficult to analyze dynamically.

ConsiderationsConsiderations
 It was challenging to analyze all theIt was challenging to analyze all the
four possible most critical sections andfour possible most critical sections and
the effect of the fluctuating force onthe effect of the fluctuating force on
them.them.
 The force is not changing sinusoidally,The force is not changing sinusoidally,
but it is decreasing exponentially asbut it is decreasing exponentially as
the angular velocity increases.the angular velocity increases.

Force vs. RPMForce vs. RPM

Why is this Shaft Different?Why is this Shaft Different?
 The design is relatively large, but it canThe design is relatively large, but it can
be made smaller or bigger and it willbe made smaller or bigger and it will
work in the same way, as long as thework in the same way, as long as the
proportions of diameters is kept. Thatproportions of diameters is kept. That
makes it unique.makes it unique.
 This shaft will resist for an infinite life andThis shaft will resist for an infinite life and
at the same time it will be economical.at the same time it will be economical.

Principal ChallengePrincipal Challenge
 Our biggest challenge with this projectOur biggest challenge with this project
was finding the forces that werewas finding the forces that were
acting on the shaft, because theyacting on the shaft, because they
fluctuate with the revolutions appliedfluctuate with the revolutions applied
(from 100 rpm to 3000 rpm)(from 100 rpm to 3000 rpm)

ChallengesChallenges
 Another challenge was designing for aAnother challenge was designing for a
light material, but at the same timelight material, but at the same time
resistant to fatigue and deflection andresistant to fatigue and deflection and
to have infinite life.to have infinite life.
 Finding a material to cover ourFinding a material to cover our
requirements, but being economicalrequirements, but being economical
at the same time.at the same time.

ShaftShaft

Design DetailsDesign Details
 These calculations were made with 3000 RPMThese calculations were made with 3000 RPM

Design DetailsDesign Details
 For the next step, we made a diagram show how theFor the next step, we made a diagram show how the
forces are applied at the point of the spur gear, weforces are applied at the point of the spur gear, we
assumed the angle of attack for the teeth of the spurassumed the angle of attack for the teeth of the spur
gear is 20ºgear is 20º

StressesStresses
 Section with diameter of 2 in:Section with diameter of 2 in:

StressesStresses
 Section with diameter of 4.8 in:Section with diameter of 4.8 in:

StressesStresses
 Section with diameter of 6 in:Section with diameter of 6 in:

Material Selection:Material Selection:
 To minimize the mass we have toTo minimize the mass we have to
minimize the relation .minimize the relation .
.

Material Selection:Material Selection:
 Amongst the best materials to be used areAmongst the best materials to be used are
aluminum alloys, titanium alloys and steel.aluminum alloys, titanium alloys and steel.
 Also the ceramic and carbon fiber alloys, butAlso the ceramic and carbon fiber alloys, but
due to the fact that the forces and stresses aredue to the fact that the forces and stresses are
so high, it is not recommendable to use them.so high, it is not recommendable to use them.
 Aluminum 2024-T4 has the lowest ratio with 1.68Aluminum 2024-T4 has the lowest ratio with 1.68
 Beta Titanium Alloy has a relation of 2.70Beta Titanium Alloy has a relation of 2.70
 1020 Steel has a relation of 2.85.1020 Steel has a relation of 2.85.

DeflectionDeflection
 The maximum deflection occurs atThe maximum deflection occurs at
wherewhere aa andand bb are the distances betweenare the distances between
the applied force and the supports, wherethe applied force and the supports, where
b > ab > a..

 At this point the maximum deflection isAt this point the maximum deflection is
obtained by the following equation; whereobtained by the following equation; where
PP is 168.064lb, I is .78233 in^4 and L is 28is 168.064lb, I is .78233 in^4 and L is 28
in.in.

 We obtained the value of E for Al-2024 T-We obtained the value of E for Al-2024 T-
4 (E = 10602 KSI), ASI-1020 (E = 297324 (E = 10602 KSI), ASI-1020 (E = 29732
KSI) and Ti-15Mo5Zr3Al (β titanium alloy)KSI) and Ti-15Mo5Zr3Al (β titanium alloy)
(E = 10878 KSI).(E = 10878 KSI).

Calculating Safety FactorCalculating Safety Factor

Calculating Safety FactorCalculating Safety Factor
 The safety factor was calculated by takingThe safety factor was calculated by taking
into consideration that we use infinite lifeinto consideration that we use infinite life
as a goal of the design.as a goal of the design.
 The highest safety factor was obtained byThe highest safety factor was obtained by
titanium, followed by steel and aluminumtitanium, followed by steel and aluminum
respectively.respectively.

Weakness of Our Shaft
 There is no curvature between theThere is no curvature between the
sections of different diameters (nosections of different diameters (no
notch), so there are no stressnotch), so there are no stress
concentrations to make the shaftconcentrations to make the shaft
more resistant to fatigue fracture.more resistant to fatigue fracture.

ConclusionsConclusions
 We learned what materials we shouldWe learned what materials we should
have in mind when designing a shaft.have in mind when designing a shaft.
 We also learned that the safety factorWe also learned that the safety factor
is different for each section of theis different for each section of the
component, so we should use the onecomponent, so we should use the one
of the most critical area. But we haveof the most critical area. But we have
to analyze all the possible criticalto analyze all the possible critical
sections, even if it is very exhausting.sections, even if it is very exhausting.

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