EDR 8204 Week 1 Assignment: Analyze Case Study Designs
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This is a North Central University (EDR 8204) PowerPoint Presentation: Analyze Case Study Designs (Week 1 Assignment). It is written in APA format, has been graded by an instructor (A), and includes references. Most higher-education assignments are submitted to turnitin, so remember to paraphrase. Let us begin.
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EDR 8204 Week 1 Assignment: Analyze Case Study Designs
- 1. Week 1 Assignment: Analyze Case Study Designs log Teaching and Learning Orlanda Haynes North Central University School of Education Ed. D Student EDR8204-V2 - summer 2018 Copyright Note: All images used in this presentation have been confirmed to be either in the public domain, of expired copyright status, licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License, or using creative commons license
- 2. Definition of Journal Articles • Primary or original publications in journals usually include articles or reports about empirical research, literature reviews, theoretical and methodological articles, and case studies (Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 2011).
- 3. Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) When Leadership and Policymaking Collide The Valley View Middle School Experience
- 6. Proponents’Arguments The laws • facilitate positive learning environments, • reduce issues related to social inequality among students, • encourage productive behaviors by helping students focus more on learning and less on who is wearing the most expensive or the most stylish clothes,
- 7. Proponents’Arguments • reduce the attrition rate, increase both attendances and the number of students who graduates, • address safety issues (as far as gang related activities) by requiring uniformity in clothing colors and styles, and • facilitate comradery, positive self-esteem and self-efficacy.
- 8. Opponents’Arguments • There is a lack of empirical research that correlates uniforms to student achievements. • Current claims are void of creditability and reliability. • Mandatory school uniforms place financial burdens on low-income parents, and • Enforcing such policies violate students and parents’ First Amendment rights.
- 10. Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) Leadership and Policymaking Issues • Notices about the proposed policy changes were not mailed to parents, legal guardiancies, or any members of the community. • The Chronicle newspaper (local) reported the story before the parents became aware of the it. • Opponents petitioned the school board to withdraw the new uniform policy law. • They (opponents) were unyielding in their efforts to defeat the law. • In the end, they won.
- 11. Purpose of the Article • To highlight the complexity of the school uniform debate from the context of effective and ineffective educational leadership, policymaking in public schools, and communication strategies.
- 12. Researchers’ Roles •To conduct the study and report findings
- 13. Assessment of the Article
- 14. Recommendations
- 15. Schmertzing, Schmertzing, and Strohl (2014) Elementary Teachers’ Experiences and Perceptions of Departmentalized Instruction: A Case Study
- 16. Definition of a Case Study • A detailed study about an individual [s], a group [s], an organization [s], or product [s] (etc.)
- 17. The Research Problem • “School administrators [wanted] to test the implementation of departmentalized instruction during the 2011-2012 school year” (Strohl, Schmertzing, & Schmertzing, 2014, p.5).
- 18. Purpose of the Study • To explore teachers’ perception and experiences after they taught in a self-contained and a departmentalized learning environment.
- 19. Research Design
- 20. Researchers’ Roles Subjective systematic approaches deployed • to understand human reasoning, opinions, and motivations; • to explore, analyze, and understand various trends and patterns; and • to achieve a deeper understanding of complex phenomena, issues, and problems.
- 21. Data Collection • Interviews • Focus groups • Questionnaires • Journal notes • Graphic organizers
- 22. Data Analysis Categorical • Transcriptions • Focus groups • Two-cycle transcription • Themes • Patterns • Deductive model and inductive analysis
- 23. Validity Three types of validity: • Content • Criterion • Construct
- 25. Limitations
- 26. Assessment of the study
- 27. Schmertzing, Schmertzing, and Strohl (2014) Recommendations •“Pilot [the] departmentalization [teaching method] before implementing it, •Consider teachers’ personality and teaching styles before pairing them in groups, and •Investigate impacts on various types of learner, within the same school, and using similar curriculum” (p. 13).
- 28. Week 1 Assignment: Analyze Case Study Designs Questions /Thoughts/ Comments
- 29. References Byrne, D. (2017). What are qualitative methods? Project Planner. doi:10.4135/9781526408563 Byrne, D. (2017). Which methods should I use?. Project Planner. doi:10.4135/9781526408532. Byrne, D. (2017). What kind of data do I want to generate?. Project Planner. doi:10.4135/9781526408532
- 30. References Creswell, J. W. (2013). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Diko, N. (2012). The gender politics of the school uniform. In R. Moletsane, C. Mitchel, & A. Smith (Eds.). Dress identity materiality (208-224). Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press. Hodge, W. A., & Osborne-Lampkin. L.T. (2014, September). Journal of Case Studies in Education, Volume 6. Retrieved from www.aabri.com/manuscripts/141943.pdf
- 31. References Lodico, M., Spaulding, D., & Voegtle, K. (2010). Methods in educational research: From theory to practice (Laureate Education, Inc., custom ed.). San Francisco: John Wiley &Sons. McCusker, K., & Gunaydin, S. (2015). Research using qualitative, quantitative or mixed methods and choice based on the research. Perfusion, 30(7), 537-542. doi:10.1177/0267659114559116 Strohl, A., Schmertzing, L., & Schmertzing, R. (2014). Elementary teachers’ experiences and perceptions of departmentalized instruction: A case study. Journal of Case Studies in Education. Retrieved from www.aabri.com/manuscripts/131774.pdf
Editor's Notes
- [Read out loud]. Hello, everyone! I’m Orlanda Haynes. Thanks for joining the discussion on “Analyze Case Study Designs”. This PowerPoint presentation is an analysis of an article by Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) and an analysis of a case studies design by Strohl, Schmertzing, and Schmertzing (2014). Headings for each are as follows: Articles: Definition of Journal Articles, The School Environment, Contextual Factors, Arguments (proponents and opponents), The Issues, Purpose of the Article, Assessment of the Article, Recommendations The Case Study: Definition of a Case Study, Research Problem or Issues. Purpose of the Study, Research Design, Research Questions (if any), Researcher’s Roles (if stated), Data Collection, Data Analysis, Construct Validity (saturation or triangulation); Ethical Consideration; Limitations, Assessment of the Study, Recommendations Presentation brochures, which include a references list, are located at the refreshment booth, and a session for questions, thoughts, and comments will follow the discussion. Let us begin with the definition of journal articles follow by Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin’s (2014) Valley View Middle School case study.
- [Read out loud]. In this article, Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin’s (2014) highlight, among other issues, (a) the complexity of the school uniform debate, (b) characteristics of effective leadership, (c) effective and ineffective policy development and implementation strategies, and (d) issues that could arise if school administrators, educators, stakeholders, and relevant third parties (e.g. parents) are excluded from the decision-making process.
- [Read out loud].
- [Read out loud]. Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) discussed the school uniform policy debate from the context of best practice for leadership roles in education and the development and implementation of school policies. The argument is based on a dispute among Valley View Middle School administrators, educators, stakeholders, and parents. The school is in a rural district of Valley View County. The county’s economy is based on retail and manufacturing industries as well as public schools and a state prison. As of 2012, the diverse population was over 29,000; the medium income was over $41,000; and, 19.3% of residents lived below the poverty level.
- [Read out loud]. Although most research supports the premise that mandatory school uniform laws help facilitate the overall effectiveness of teaching and learning environments—especially when children are involved—the debate is ongoing (Diko, 2012; Hodge & Osborne-Lampkin, 2014). Primarily because most educators are proponents of the laws, most students are opponents, and most school administrators and parents appear perplexed by the laws and related issues (Hodge & Osborne-Lampkin, 2014).
- [Read out loud]. This image depicts the majority of educators’ consensus or stance.
- [Read out loud]. There is compelling research that support proponents’ premises (Diko, 2012).
- [Read chart content out loud].
- [Read out loud]. As indicated, the school uniform debate is ongoing. To effectiveness enforce the policy in most school districts within the United States, administrators (including superintendent and board members), educators, and parents must share consensus.
- [Read out loud]. As Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) pointed out, Valley View Middle School administrators did not seek sufficient support from all relevant parties. In fact, the parents had no knowledge of the new law.
- [Read out loud]. Additionally, Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin (2014) informed that the content of their article could, “. . . be used to explore and understand school leadership, policymaking, and the change process, particularly when they are addressed in graduate college courses such as educational leadership, organizational theory, and educational policy” (p. 1).
- [Read out loud]. Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin’s article does not include information about researchers’ roles; however, they do note that Dr. O’Brien, the school’s superintender, asked two university professors to conduct a study and report the findings (p. 3).
- [Read out loud]. In this article, Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin’s (2014) highlighted, among other issues, (a) the complexity of the mandatory school uniform debate, (b) characteristics of effective leadership, (c) effective and ineffective policy development and implementation strategies, and (d) issues that could arise if some school administrators, educators, stakeholders, and relevant third parties (e.g. parents) are excluded from the decision-making process. Since the subject matter is not about research designs, Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin only noted that two university researchers performed a study to explore if Valley View Middle School students’ improvement in discipline, attendance, and achievement was directly related to implementation of the mandatory uniform policy. They informed that the content of their article could, “. . . be used to explore and understand school leadership, policymaking, and the change process, particularly when they are addressed in graduate college courses such as educational leadership, organizational theory, and educational policy” (p. 1).
- [Read out loud]. The authors included several (in the article) that could be used to create lesson plans to address how Valley View Middle School (VVMS) could have created a more effective implementation strategy or to develop best practice curriculum regarding social, educational, or government policy-making. These recommendations can be found in the brochures at the concession booth. However, they are: Discuss the value conflicts that some educators might feel when implementing a school uniform policy. What were some of the value conflicts evidenced during implementation of the VVMS uniform policy? Reflect on the various phases of the VVMS uniform policy process, specifically the policy formulation, adoption, and implementation phases of the process. What errors were evidenced during each phase? Assess the implementation of the school uniform policy at VVMS. What criteria would you use and why? What is your assessment of the unsuccessful implementation process used at VVMS? As the superintendent, how would you strategically create conditions or manage “policy, people, and places” for successful policy implementation? Assume that you were going to lead the implementation of a uniform policy for the entire district. Identify the resources that you would need and develop a plan for gathering them. Explore the political, organizational, and socio-economic issues that might arise during the implementation of the Valley View uniform policy (see Appendix B). How might these factors enhance or impede policy implementation? How might you prepare for resistance to policy implementation? Identify specific ways to head off or minimize resistance (Hodge and Osborne-Lampkin, 2014, p. 12).
- {Read out loud].
- [ Read Out-loud]. The term “case study’ has multiple meanings. For example, it can be applied to a single social unit—as in an organization, an individual a group, a research instrument, or any product to name a few (Creswell, 2013; Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010). Researchers investigate phenomena within natural, real-life contexts. The approach is commonly use to explore and understand complex issues. The results are usually data rich insights that other form of research designs could not fully provide (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010).
- [Read the slide and notes out loud]. They provided researchers with 12 teachers (who originally served on the pilot group).
- [Read out loud]. Researchers explored the perceptions and experiences of a group of elementary school teachers as they prepared to transition from a self-contained teaching and learning model to a departmentalized approach where they taught for one year. Additionally, they wanted to gather data that could be used to assist with a proposal, “. . . to expand the departmentalized structure to include the remaining first, second, and third grade teachers in the following year” (p. 5).
- [Read out loud]. Researcher deployed a single case study combined with multiple data collection tools. This qualitative framework allows for an in-depth analysis of real-life experiences and phenomena. In some situation, only a single case study is necessary to understand issues or problems and how to address them, as in the Valley View Middle School issues. On the other hand, multiple cases could be employed to provide more insights about phenomena or life events, or to lend more creditability to the results, a cross-case analysis to understanding the same subject matter from different contexts (Creswell, 2013; Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010).
- [Read out loud]. The primary goal is to gain insight and understanding about complex phenomena and underlying constructs (Byrne, 2017; McCusker, 2015). Although qualitative research designs vary, common frameworks include case study, phenomenology, ethnography, and grounded theory. Choosing an appropriate design depends, in part, on the purpose of the inquiry, researchers’ roles, data collection and analysis methods, and the manner in which results will be presented (McCusker, 2015).
- [Read out loud]. The triangulation data collection process allows researchers to achieve better insights about human perceived perceptions than only using one tool (Creswell, 2013).
- [Read slide content out loud].
- [Read slide out loud]. There are three types of validity. (1) Construct demonstrates that a specific test is relevant to and encompasses the designated content; (2) criterion depicts relationships among test scores and students’ academic abilities; construct refers to the extent to which students’ performance on test scores, for example, is consistent with theoretical predictions (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010).
- [Read out loud]. According to Schmertzing, Schmertzing, and Strohl (2014), all participants volunteered, and they were employees of the school where the research took place (p.5). When human subject are involved in research, experimenters must follow their IRB’s protocol and relevant local, federal, and state laws in the district where the research is conducted (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010).
- [Read out loud]. Although this subject is not discussed in the case study, the sample was small and the sampling was convenience (p.5).
- [Read out loud]. The research design is appropriate to conduct a thorough exploration of the research purpose, which is evident by the results of the study. Sampling (using 12 participants) is common practice for case study designs. Moreover, the research methods are standard rationales for the research framework (Lodico, Spaulding, & Voegtle, 2010).
- [Read the slide and notes out loud].
- [Read aloud]. This concludes the presentation. Let’s take a few moments for questions, thoughts, or comments.
- (Byrne, 2017; McCusker, 2015)