1. KINDS OF JOINTS:
FABROUS JOINTS (FIXED) – are the connections between bones that held together by fibrous connective
tissue that includes many collagen fibers. (No Synovial Cavity/ Fluid)
CARTILAGINOUS JOINTS (SLIGHTLY MOVEABLE) – are connections between bones that held tightly together
by cartilage – specifically either hyaline cartilage or fabrocartilage. (No Synovial Cavity/Fluid)
SYNOVIAL JOINTS (FREELY MOVEABLE) - have a synovial cavity between the articulating bones. This cavity is
filled with synovial fluid that reduces the friction at the joints, enabling are articulating bones to move freely.
CLASSIFICATION OF SYNOVIAL JOINTS:
NAME DESCRIPTIONS EXAMPLES
Gliding joints
(or plane joints)
These joints allow only gliding or sliding
movements, are multi-axial such as the
articulation between vertebrae.
carpals of the wrist,
acromioclavicular joint
Hinge joints
These joints act as a door hinge does, allowing
flexion and extension in just one plane
elbow (between the humerus
and the ulna)
Pivot joints One bone rotates about another
atlanto-axial joint, proximal
radioulnar joint, and distal
radioulnar joint
Condyloid joints
(or ellipsoidal joints)
A condyloid joint is where two bones fit
together with an odd[citation needed] shape
(e.g. an ellipse), and one bone is concave, the
other convex; some classifications make a
distinction between condyloid and ellipsoid
joints,these joints allow flexion, extension,
abduction, and adduction
movements(circumduction).
wrist joint (radiocarpal joint)
temporomandibular joint
Saddle joints
Saddle joints, which resemble a saddle,
permit the same movements as the condyloid
joints but allow greater movement
Carpometacarpal or
trapeziometacarpal joint of
thumb (between the
metacarpal andcarpal -
trapezium), sternoclavicular
joint
Ball and socket joints
"universal Joint"
These allow for all movements except gliding
shoulder (glenohumeral) and
hip joints