How let your PHP application interact with phones through incoming and outgoing SMS and voice calls. This talk uses the Twilio platform and API to show how to send and receive text and voice calls to allow for different interactive options for you and your applications.

1. Phone Calls and SMS
from PHP
PHP World 2016
David Stockton
November 16, 2016

2. Standard Interactions

3. Input

4. Web Pages / Forms

5. APIs

6. CLI

7. Output

8. HTML

9. Graphics

10. Documents

11. Reports

12. JSON

13. Console Output

14. Files

15. How else can we receive
input and produce
output?

16. Input:
Phone Call

17. Input:
SMS Message

18. Output:
Text Message

19. Output:
MMS Message

20. Output:
Phone Call

21. APIs for Phone
Interaction

23. Twilio SDK
composer require twilio/sdk

24. Let's Send an SMS
new TwilioRestClient($config['sid'], $config['token']);
Make a client

25. Let's Send an SMS
$client->messages->create(
$toNumber,
array(
'from' => '+1<purchased#>',
'body' => $fortune
)
);

26. All Together
$toNumber = $argv[1] ?? '<default #>';
$toNumber = PhpWorld
Utility::normalizeNumber($toNumber);
$fortune = $argv[2] ?? `fortune`;
$client->messages->create(
$toNumber,
array(
'from' => '+<purchased #>',
'body' => $fortune
)
);

27. How to Use?
$ php bin/fortune.php
$ php bin/fortune.php <destination #>
$ php bin/fortune.php <destination #> "Text
message from the command line"

28. php bin/fortune.php

29. php bin/fortune.php 7206757471

30. php bin/fortune.php 7206757471 "Your account has been created or something."

31. What can we do?
• Notifications
• Two-Factor Authentication (2FA)
• Responses to Queries

32. Make a Phone Call
• API Call to Twitter
• Twitter contacts URL for instructions

33. TwiML
• Twilio's Markup Language for controlling phone
calls
• XML

34. TwiML Commands
• Say - Read text to the caller
• Play - Play an audio file for the caller
• Dial - Add another party to the call
• Record - Record the caller's voice
• Gather - Collect digits the caller types on their keypad
• Sms - Send an SMS message during a phone call

35. More TwiML
• Hangup - Hang up the call
• Queue - Add the caller to a queue of callers.
• Redirect - Redirect call flow to a different TwiML
document.
• Pause - Wait before executing more instructions
• Reject - Decline an incoming call without being billed.
• Message - Send an MMS or SMS message reply

36. How Outgoing Calls Work
Your App TwilioAPI Call
TwiML
CalleeTwilio Plays Twiml

37. TwiML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="woman">Your call is very
important to us, but not so
important we'll answer it with
a human. Please leave a message.
</Say>
<Record maxLength="20" playBeep="true"/>
</Response>

38. XML
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="woman">Your call is very
important to us, but not so
important we'll answer it with
a human. Please leave a message.
</Say>
<Record maxLength="20" playBeep="true"/>
</Response>

39. Root Element
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="woman">Your call is very
important to us, but not so
important we'll answer it with
a human. Please leave a message.
</Say>
<Record maxLength="20" playBeep="true"/>
</Response>

40. Commands - Say
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="woman">Your call is very
important to us, but not so
important we'll answer it with
a human. Please leave a message.
</Say>
<Record maxLength="20" playBeep="true"/>
</Response>

41. <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="woman">Your call is very
important to us, but not so
important we'll answer it with
a human. Please leave a message.
</Say>
<Record maxLength="20" playBeep="true"/>
</Response>
Commands - Record

42. Configure Twilio

43. Let's Make a Call
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="man">
Due to inclement weather, school
will be closed tomorrow. Please
stay home and stay safe.
</Say>
</Response>

44. The Full File
<?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say voice="man" loop="2">
Due to inclement weather, school
will be closed tomorrow. Please
stay home and stay safe.
</Say>
</Response>

45. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

46. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

47. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

48. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

49. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

50. Tell Twilio Who To Call
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
/** @var TwilioRestClient $client */
$client = require_once __DIR__ . '/../src/PhpWorld/client.php';
$to = PhpWorldUtility::normalizeNumber($argv[1] ?? '+<default #>');
$from = '+<purchased #>';
$options = [
'url' => 'http://' . $_SERVER['HTTP_HOST'] . '/twiml/
school_outage.php',
];
$client->calls->create($to, $from, $options);

51. Phone and SMS
Conversations
• Twilio is like a well-behaved HTTP client
• It uses sessions
• We can use session to remember things about the
caller or the conversation

52. Phone IVR
• Give callers a menu
• Look up information
• Connect to people
• Solve problems
• Give answers

53. First TwiML
<?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say>
Thanks for calling my demo IVR. Please
listen closely as this is the first time
you've heard this menu.
</Say>
<Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/process_ivr_menu.php">
<Say>
Press 1 to hear a random sound.
Press 2 to connect to a conference call.
Press 3 to hear some wisdom.
Press 4 to be connected to support.
</Say>
</Gather>
<Say>
I don't understand. Please try again later.
</Say>
<Hangup/>
</Response>

54. <?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say>
Thanks for calling my demo IVR. Please
listen closely as this is the first time
you've heard this menu.
</Say>
<Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/process_ivr_menu.php">
<Say>
Press 1 to hear a random sound.
Press 2 to connect to a conference call.
Press 3 to hear some wisdom.
Press 4 to be connected to support.
</Say>
</Gather>
<Say>
I don't understand. Please try again later.
</Say>
<Hangup/>
</Response>
Greeting

55. <?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say>
Thanks for calling my demo IVR. Please
listen closely as this is the first time
you've heard this menu.
</Say>
<Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/process_ivr_menu.php">
<Say>
Press 1 to hear a random sound.
Press 2 to connect to a conference call.
Press 3 to hear some wisdom.
Press 4 to be connected to support.
</Say>
</Gather>
<Say>
I don't understand. Please try again later.
</Say>
<Hangup/>
</Response>
Menu

56. Error Handling
<?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say>
Thanks for calling my demo IVR. Please
listen closely as this is the first time
you've heard this menu.
</Say>
<Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/process_ivr_menu.php">
<Say>
Press 1 to hear a random sound.
Press 2 to connect to a conference call.
Press 3 to hear some wisdom.
Press 4 to be connected to support.
</Say>
</Gather>
<Say>
I don't understand. Please try again later.
</Say>
<Hangup/>
</Response>

57. Goodbye.
<?php header('Content-Type: text/xml'); ?>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<Response>
<Say>
Thanks for calling my demo IVR. Please
listen closely as this is the first time
you've heard this menu.
</Say>
<Gather numDigits="1" action="/twiml/process_ivr_menu.php">
<Say>
Press 1 to hear a random sound.
Press 2 to connect to a conference call.
Press 3 to hear some wisdom.
Press 4 to be connected to support.
</Say>
</Gather>
<Say>
I don't understand. Please try again later.
</Say>
<Hangup/>
</Response>

58. Now What?
• What if they press something that's not 1-4?
• What if they press 1-4?
• Need to figure out what to do next

59. Handle ! 1-4
<?php
require_once __DIR__ . '/../vendor/autoload.php';
session_start();
$digits = $_POST['Digits'] ?? 0;
switch ($digits) {
case 1: // Random sound
case 2: // Conference call
case 3: // Random Phrase
case 4: // Support queue
default:
if (countFailures() >= 3) {
echo bailOnCall();
return;
}
echo badInput();
return;
}

60. countFailures()
function countFailures($count = null)
{
$badInput = $count ?? $_SESSION[__FUNCTION__] ?? 0;
$badInput++;
$_SESSION[__FUNCTION__] = $badInput;
return $badInput;
}

61. badInput()
function badInput()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$twiml = new TwilioTwiml();
$twiml->say('That was not a valid selection.');
$twiml->redirect('/twiml/ivr_menu.php');
return $twiml;
}

62. bailOnCall()
function bailOnCall()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$twiml = new TwilioTwiml();
$twiml->say('Your rotary phone is not compatible
with this app.');
$twiml->say('Goodbye.');
$twiml->hangup();
return $twiml;
}

63. Call Handler
switch ($digits) {
case 1: // Random sound
echo randomSound();
break;
case 2: // Conference call
echo conferenceCall();
break;
case 3: // Random Phrase
echo fortune();
break;
case 4: // Support queue
echo supportQueue();
break;
default:
...
}

64. randomSound()
function randomSound()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
countFailures(-1);
$sounds = ['gull.mp3', 'lawnmower.mp3',
'monkey.mp3'];
$index = array_rand($sounds);
$twiml = new TwilioTwiml();
$twiml->play('/sounds/' . $sounds[$index]);
$twiml->redirect('/twiml/ivr_menu.php');
return $twiml;
}

65. Conference Call
function conferenceCall()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$response = new TwilioTwiml();
$response->say('You have joined the conference.');
$dial = $response->dial();
$dial->conference('PHP World');
return $response;
}

66. fortune()
function fortune()
{
$fortune = `fortune -s`;
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$response = new TwilioTwiml();
$response->sms($fortune);
$response->say($fortune);
return $response;
}

67. supportQueue()
function supportQueue()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$response = new TwilioTwiml();
if ($_POST['From'] == '<my number>') {
// Support agent
$dial = $response->dial();
$dial->queue('support', ['url' => '/twiml/about_to_connect.php']);
} else {
// Enqueue
$response->enqueue('support');
}
return $response;
}

68. supportQueue()
function supportQueue()
{
header('Content-type: text/xml');
$response = new TwilioTwiml();
if ($_POST['From'] == '<my number>') {
// Support agent
$dial = $response->dial();
$dial->queue('support', ['url' => '/twiml/about_to_connect.php']);
} else {
// Enqueue
$response->enqueue('support');
}
return $response;
}

69. Just Scratching the Surface
• Twilio can keep our application informed about
how calls are going
• We can interact with ongoing calls via the REST
API

70. Questions?
• Twitter: @dstockto
• Joind.in - https://joind.in/talk/e2e2b

71. 20162016