I put on my
mink and
wizard behat
Questing in the world of
front end testing

Booking.com
@thomas_shone
W
E
AR
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H
IR
IN
G

Hoare Logic
{P} C {Q}

Hodor Logic
{P} C {Q}

Why?
What's the benefit?

Meet The Party
Don’t feed the druid after midnight

Task
Each test has a different approach

Barbarian
Quality Assurance

Ranger
Unit Test

Cleric
Continuous Integration

Wizard
Front End Test

Dreaded Bugbear

Teamwork
Wizards are squishy

The glue
Behat
(cucumber syntax)
Mink
(browser emulation)
Goutte
(web driver)
Selenium
(web driver)
Zombie
(web driver)
Guzzle
(curl)
Selenium RC
(java)
Zombie.js
(node.js)

Feature: Party harmony
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that
we work as a team
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property
Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies
And the Bard eats 1 cookie
Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Cucumber Syntax
Readable testing language

class FeatureContext … {
/**
* @Given that the wizard has :num cookies
*/
public function wizardHasCookies($num) {
// $this->wizard is a pre-existing condition... like syphilis
$this->wizard->setNumberOfCookies($num);
}
}
and converts it into
FeatureContext.php

Feature: Party harmony
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that
we work as a team
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property
Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies
And the Bard eats 1 cookie
Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Cucumber Syntax
What’s missing?

Scenario:
Given that the wizard has 10 cookies
And the Bard eats 1 cookie
# The triggered fire spell fizzled due to OutOfManaException
Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
1 scenario (1 failed)
3 steps (2 passed, 1 failed)
0m0.03s (14.19Mb)
Remember {P} C {Q}
Set your starting states

Feature: Party harmony
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and mutual trust, so that
we work as a team
Background:
The Wizard’s fire spell is fully charged
And the Bard is currently not on fire
Scenario: Teach members to respect others’ property
Given that the Wizard has 10 cookies
And the Bard eats 1 cookie
Then the Bard is mysteriously on fire
Remember {P} C {Q}
Set your starting states

???
As a leader, I want to ensure harmony and
mutual trust, so that we work as a team

User stories
As a <role>, I want to <desire> so that
<benefit>

Features are your contract with the stakeholders
User stories
Features
Backgrounds are your restrictions or global constraints
Background
Scenarios are the use cases that outline the user story
Scenarios

Front end testing is
“code coverage” for
your user stories

Legend has it...
… that someone once convinced their PO to
write all their front end tests.

class MinkContext … {
/**
* Clicks link with specified id|title|alt|text.
*
* @When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
*/
public function clickLink($link) {
$link = $this->fixStepArgument($link);
$this->getSession()->getPage()->clickLink($link);
}
}
Mink provides...
MinkContext.php

OK...
Dropping the party

https://github.com/opencfp/opencfp

$ composer require behat/behat="~3.0,>=3.0.5"
Getting started
$ composer require behat/mink-extension="~2.0"
Behat (cucumber syntax)
Mink (browser emulator)
Web drivers
$ composer require behat/mink-goutte-driver="~1.0"
$ composer require behat/mink-selenium2-driver="~1.2"

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --init
+d features - place your *.feature files here
+d features/bootstrap - place your context classes here
+f features/bootstrap/FeatureContext.php - place your definitions,
transformations and hooks here
Initialize
Create a new test suite

use BehatMinkExtensionContextMinkContext;
class FeatureContext extends MinkContext … {
…
}
Context
FeatureContext.php

$ ./vendor/bin/behat -dl
Given /^(?:|I )am on "(?P<page>[^"]+)"$/
When /^(?:|I )reload the page$/
When /^(?:|I )move backward one page$/
When /^(?:|I )move forward one page$/
When /^(?:|I )press "(?P<button>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )follow "(?P<link>(?:[^"]|")*)"$/
When /^(?:|I )fill in "(?P<field>(?:[^"]|")*)" with "(?P<value>(?:
[^"]|")*)"$/
Context
What does Mink bring to the table?

default:
suites:
default:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ]
contexts: [ FeatureContext ]
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
base_url: "[your website]"
sessions:
default:
goutte: ~
Configuration
behat.yml

Feature: Authentication and authorisation
As a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only
valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details
Given I am on "/login"
When I fill in "email" with "some@guy.com"
And I fill in "password" with "invalid"
And I press "Login"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
Our first feature
auth.feature

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --config behat.yml features/auth.feature
Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid account
Given I am on "/login"
When I fill in "email" with "some@guy.com"
And I fill in "password" with "invalid"
And I press "Login"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenarios (1 passed)
5 steps (5 passed)
Victory
output

Feature: Authentication and authorisation
As a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only
valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to login with invalid details
Given I login as "some@guy.com" with password "invalid"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
Simplify
auth.feature

Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid account
Given I login as "bob@smith.com" with password "invalid"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenario (1 undefined)
/**
* @Given I login as :arg1 with password :arg2
*/
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($arg1, $arg2) {
throw new PendingException();
}
Simplify
output

class FeatureContext … {
/**
* @Given I login as :username with password :password
*/
public function iLoginAsWithPassword($username, $password) {
$this->visit("/login");
$this->fillField("email", $username);
$this->fillField("password", $password);
$this->pressButton("Login");
}
}
Simplify
FeatureContext.php

Scenario: Attempt to login with an invalid account
Given I login as "bob@smith.com" with password "invalid"
Then I should see "Invalid Email or Password"
1 scenarios (1 passed)
2 steps (2 passed)
Simplify
output

Feature: Authentication and authorisation
As a security conscious developer I wish to ensure that only
valid users can access our website.
Scenario: Attempt to register a new user
Given I am on "/signup"
When I fill in "email" with "some@guy.com"
And I fill in "password" with "valid"
And I fill in "password2" with "valid"
And I fill in "first_name" with "some"
And I fill in "last_name" with "guy"
And I press "Create my speaker profile"
Then I should see "You’ve successfully created your account"
Our first hurdle
This ones easy, you do…. oh….

Migration and seeding
Doctrine, Propel, Laravel, Phinx

Phinx to the rescue
SID
E
N
O
TE

$ composer require robmorgan/phinx="~0.4"
Phinx to the rescue
Install
$ php vendor/bin/phinx init
Phinx by Rob Morgan - https://phinx.org. version 0.4.3
Created ./phinx.xml
Configuration
$ php vendor/bin/phinx create InitialMigration
Creating
SID
E
N
O
TE

#!/usr/bin/env bash
DATABASE="opencfp"
mysql -e "DROP DATABASE IF EXISTS $DATABASE" -uroot -p123
mysql -e "CREATE DATABASE $DATABASE" -uroot -p123
vendor/bin/phinx migrate
vendor/bin/behat
A bit extreme?
run-behat-tests.sh

SAVEPOINT identifier;
# Run tests
ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT identifier;
RELEASE SAVEPOINT identifier;
Transaction/Rollback
Roll your own solution

Activation emails?
smtp-sink, FakeSMTP, etc

# Stop the currently running service
sudo service postfix stop
# Dumps outgoing emails to file as "day.hour.minute.second"
smtp-sink -d "%d.%H.%M.%S" localhost:2500 1000 &
vendor/bin/behat
smtp-sink
run-behat-test.sh

Or….
actually send the email and read it via SMTP

Or….
you could just read the activation code from
the database directly

class DatabaseContext {
public function __construct($dsn, $user, $pass) {
$this->dbh = new PDO($dsn, $user, $pass);
}
/**
* @When /^there is no user called :user$/
*/
public function removeUser($user) {
$this->dbh->prepare("DELETE FROM `users` WHERE username=?")
->query([$user]);
}
}
A new context
DatabaseContext.php
SID
E
N
O
TE

default:
suites:
default:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/ ]
contexts:
- FeatureContext
- DatabaseContext:
- mysql:host=localhost;dbname=opencfp
- root
- 123
Configuration
behat.yml
SID
E
N
O
TE

How far is too far?
What are your priorities?

Taking it too far
This one is actually a true story

// Make sure your server and your behat client have the same time set
// Share the secret key between the two. The code should be valid for
// 30 second periods
$code = sha1($secret_key . floor(time() / 30));
if ($request->get("code") === $code) {
// Bypass captcha
}
Easier way
Simple but safe bypass

Our first talk
Set the stage
Feature: Manage paper submissions
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Background:
There is a speaker registered as "some@guy.com" with a
password "secrets"
I login as "some@guy.com" with password "secrets"
Scenario: Add a new talk to our submissions
...

Our first talk
Talk submission in 3, 2, 1...
Scenario: Add a new talk to our submissions
Given I am on "talk/create"
And I fill in the following:
| title | Behat Talk |
| description | Awesome |
| type | regular |
| category | testing |
| level | mid |
And I check "desired"
And I press "Submit my talk!"
Then I should see "Success: Successfully added talk."

Tyranny of JavaScript
Deleting a talk

Well that won’t work
talks.feature
Feature: Manage paper submissions
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Scenario: Delete a talk
Given create a talk called "Behat Talk"
And I am on "/dashboard"
When I follow "Delete"
And I should not see "Behat Talk Changed"
The text "Behat Talk Changed" appears in the text of this page,
but it should not. (BehatMinkExceptionResponseTextException)

// Guzzle using web scraper
behat/mink-goutte-driver
// Java-based distributed browser workers (support JavaScript)
behat/mink-selenium2-driver
behat/mink-sahi-driver
// node.js headless browser proxy (support JavaScript)
behat/mink-zombie-driver
Drivers
Some take the scenic route

default:
# …
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
base_url: "[your website]"
sessions:
default:
goutte: ~
javascript:
selenium2: ~
Configuration
Setting up for Selenium

$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar
Selenium
@javascript
Feature: Manage paper submissions
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
Start Selenium Server
Specify javascript requirement

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --tags speaker,talk
Tags
Run specific tags
@speaker
Feature: Manage paper submissions
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an speaker I need to be able to manage my own submissions
@talk
Scenario: Create a new talk
Given I am logged in as a speaker ...
SID
E
N
O
TE

Feature: Submitting and managing talks
As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance
to talk at a conference.
@javascript
Scenario: Delete a talk
Given create a talk called "Behat Talk"
And I am on "/dashboard"
When I fill "Delete"
And I accept alerts
And I should not see "Behat Talk"
Enable JavaScript
talks.feature

Run as JavaScript
talks.feature
Feature: Submitting and managing talks
As a speaker I wish be able to submit talks so I can get a chance
to talk at a conference.
Scenario: Delete a talk
Given create a talk called "Behat Talk"
And I am on "/dashboard"
When I follow "Delete"
And I accept alerts
And I should not see "Behat Talk"

Advanced Usage
with extra bells and whistles

class MemoryContext {
/**
* @Transform /^memory:(.*)$/
*/
public function fromMemory($key) {
if (!isset($this->memory[$key])) {
throw new LogicException("Entry $key does not exist");
}
return $this->memory[$key];
}
}
Transformations
MemoryContext.php

class FeatureContext … {
public function takeAScreenshotCalled($filename) {
$driver = get_class($this->getSession()->getDriver());
if ($driver == 'BehatMinkDriverSelenium2Driver') {
$ss = $this->getSession()
->getDriver()
->getScreenshot();
file_put_contents($filename, $ss);
}
}
}
Screenshot
FeatureContext.php

use BehatBehatHookScopeAfterFeatureScope; // @AfterFeature
AfterScenarioScope; // @AfterScenario
AfterStepScope; // @AfterStep
BeforeFeatureScope; // @BeforeFeature
BeforeScenarioScope; // @BeforeScenario
BeforeStepScope; // @BeforeStep
FeatureScope; // @Feature
ScenarioScope; // @Scenario
StepScope; // @Step
Hooks
Listen in close

class FeatureContext … {
/**
* @AfterScenarioScope
*/
public function afterScenario(AfterScenarioScope $scope) {
$scenario = $scope->getScenario()->getTitle();
$filename = make_safe_filename($scenario);
// Take a screenshot and put it on a dashboard
// where people can see it
}
}
Hooks
FeatureContext.php

class FeatureContext … {
/**
* @AfterStep
*/
public function afterStep(AfterStepScope $scope) {
$code = $event->getTestResult()->getResultCode();
if ($code == TestResult::FAILED) {
// Take a screenshot
}
}
}
Hooks
FeatureContext.php

Some days everything is made of glass
Common Gotchas

Expect breakages
And that’s a good thing

Speed vs Coverage
Find the right balance

Keep Selenium updated
Browsers change faster than fashion trends

Behat documents
http://docs.behat.org points to v2.5 docs but
doesn’t tell you.
Use http://docs.behat.org/en/v3.0/

Questions?
or ask me later via @thomas_shone

Thank you
Photo from Flickr by John Morey, TrojanRat, Gerry Machen, USFS Region 5,
Peregrina Tyss and Thomas Hawk

Permutations
The reason why testing is painful

default:
suites:
web:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, WebContext ]
api:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/api ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, ApiContext ]
Configuration
Multiple contexts

default:
suites:
admin:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, AdminContext ]
filters:
role: admin
speaker:
paths: [ %paths.base%/features/web ]
contexts: [ BaseContext, SpeakerContext ]
filters:
tags: @speaker
Configuration
Grouping and filtering

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite admin
Suites
Run a specific suite
Feature: Managing the CFP
In order to ensure that speakers can submit their papers
As an admin
I need to be able to open the call for papers

$ ./vendor/bin/behat --suite speaker
Suites
Run a specific suite
@speaker
Feature: Submitting to the CFP
In order to ensure that the conference has papers
As an speaker
I need to be able to submit papers

$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role hub
Selenium Grid
$ java -jar selenium-server-standalone-2.*.jar -role node -hub http://
[gridserver]:4444/grid/register
Start the grid
Add a node

default:
extensions:
BehatMinkExtension:
sessions:
javascript:
selenium2:
wd_host: "http://127.0.0.1:4444/wb/hub"
capabilities:
version: ""
Configuration
Because magic...