THE EVOLUTION OF INTEGRATED SEAWEEDCULTIVATION IN TEMPERATE SOUTHERN AFRICA

THE EVOLUTION OF INTEGRATED SEAWEED CULTIVATION IN TEMPERATE SOUTHERN AFRICA Robertson-Andersson Deborah 1,5 ; J. J. Bolton 1 , M. Troell 2,3 , R. J. Anderson 4 , G. Maneveldt 5 , C. Halling 2 , A. J. Smit 6 , T. Probyn 7 & S. Peall 8 1 Botany Department, U CT 2 Department of Systems Ecology, Stockholm University 3 Beijer Institute, Stockholm, Sweden 4 Seaweed Research Unit, MCM 5 Botany Department, UWC 6 School of Biological and Conservation Sciences, UKZN 7 Aquaculture Unit, MCM 8 Hearshaw and Kinnes Laboratory, UCT

Overview ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

Seaweed utilization history: South Africa & Namibia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Gelidium picking on South African east coast Kelp harvesting on South African south and west coasts ,[object Object],[object Object]

Seaweed utilization history: Namibia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Pictures from Google Earth REFS: Rotmann 1987 Anderson et al. 1989, 2003

Seaweed utilization history: Namibia ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],G. Gracilis being threaded onto “Netlon” Rope rafts in L üderitz Bay Harvested using traditional fishing boats ,[object Object],[object Object]

Seaweed utilization history: South Africa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Medium to small beach wash up 1970’s – 1980’s Little to no wash up Present day REFS: Anderson et al. 1989, 2003

Seaweed utilization history: South Africa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Final harvest Experimental raft Monitoring of lines REFS: Anderson et al. 1989, 2003

Seaweed utilization history: South Africa ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Kelp harvest vs. kelp demand as abalone feed Position of abalone farms round coast line

Seaweed cultivation history: Eastern Cape ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Paddle ponds on a flow through system

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Seaweed cultivation history: Western Cape Effect of diets on abalone growth rates Naidoo et al. 2006

Seaweed cultivation history: Western Cape Effect of harvesting on regrowth of obligate epiphytes on kelp ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Anderson et al. 2006

Seaweed cultivation history: Western Cape Red tide moving towards abalone intake ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Seaweed cultivation: Western Cape Small & medium tanks using abalone or fish effluent Large tanks used 5 x 1 m

DEAD RESULTS: Myrionema strangulans (new record & range extension) INFECTED BAD INFECTION HEALTHY

RESULTS: Tissue Nitrogen vs. Thallus Colour

Seaweed tank 3 KW.hr pump Gravity feed Abalone tanks Seaweed tank 25 % Recirculation 75 % Sea water Over flow Pilot scale integration

RESULTS: Dissolved oxygen (mg.L -1 ) 15 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 20 00 04 08 12 16

RESULTS: Dissolved oxygen (mg.L-1) 15 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 ,[object Object]

RESULTS: Temperature ( ºC) 15 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 20 00 04 08 12 16

RESULTS: Temperature ( ºC) 15 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 20 00 04 08 12 16 ,[object Object]

Results: Nutrient uptake ,[object Object],0 PO 4 54.85 FAN 48.8 64.8 38.06 25 % Recirc. abalone vs. FTS abalone NO 2 NO 3 TAN % difference in nutrient uptake efficiency

Other results: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],No significant differences Potgieter, 2005 Lindstrom, 2006 Brandt, 2006 Flodin, 2005 Hansen, 2006 Robertson-Andersson, 2003, 2007 Sankar, 2003 Bredberg, 2003

Commercial integrated seaweed abalone system: 50 % recirculation Intake Seaweed paddle ponds Sump Drum filter Abalone tanks Header tank Pump Seaweed harvest point Outlet

[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],SEAWEED PADDLE POND SYSTEM: Costs and savings ,[object Object]

SEAWEED PADDLE POND SYSTEM: Costs and savings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SEAWEED PADDLE POND SYSTEM: Costs and savings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

SEAWEED PADDLE POND SYSTEM: Costs and savings ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],ZAR 12.79 = € 1

SEAWEED PADDLE POND SYSTEM: Negatives ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],A A A A A B B B B B B B B C C C C C C C D D D D D D D E E E E E E Uncooked Cooked

Socio-economic effects from seaweed cultivation in comparison to abalone farming and related industries in SA in 2005 2 000 000 1:0.23 0 2464 150 67 CANNING Investment (ZAR) Male :female UnSkilled (%) Pay (ZAR) Tonnage (tons) Laborers 750 000 260 000 000 3 760 000 346 500 000 1:0 1:2 1:0 1:0.23 50 88 85 61 2464 1484 1813 1813 360 11019 1056 850 16 388 (600 – 1000) 12 814 ABFEED SEAWEED HARVEST SEAWEED CULTIVATION in 2006 ABALONE

Conclusion: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

THANK YOU ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to extend special thanks to the following organizations without whose help this project would have been impossible: Swedish and South African Collaborative Program I & J Mariculture farm N R F SANCOR Prestige Student travel grant

THE EVOLUTION OF INTEGRATED SEAWEEDCULTIVATION IN TEMPERATE SOUTHERN AFRICA

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